The new metrics of sustainable development and its application
The concept which unites the three main components (economic, ecological and social) of sustainable development of society is considered. A new sustainable development measuring system is proposed. These metrics makes it possible to obtain quantitative estimations of the sustainable development proc...
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Навчально-науковий комплекс "Інститут прикладного системного аналізу" НТУУ "КПІ" МОН та НАН України
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Zgurovsky, M. 2010-12-14T12:05:49Z 2010-12-14T12:05:49Z 2007 The new metrics of sustainable development and its application / M. Zgurovsky // Систем. дослідж. та інформ. технології. — 2007. — № 1. — С. 7-18. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. 1681–6048 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/14100 504.052 The concept which unites the three main components (economic, ecological and social) of sustainable development of society is considered. A new sustainable development measuring system is proposed. These metrics makes it possible to obtain quantitative estimations of the sustainable development process depending on the groups of economic, ecological and social indicators and datasets. The influence of the information society on sustainable development is studied on a global and a regional scales on the basis the sustainable development mathematical model. Рассматривается концепция, объединяющая три основных компонента устойчивого развития общества: экономический, экологический и социальный. Описана новая система измерения устойчивого развития. Предложенная метрика позволяет получить количественные оценки процесса развития в зависимости от групп экономических, экологических и социальных показателей и наборов данных. На основе математической модели устойчивого развития изучено влияние информационного общества в глобальном и региональном масштабах. Розглядається концепція, яка об’єднує три основних компоненти сталого розвитку суспільства: економічний, екологічний та соціальний. Описано нову систему виміру сталого розвитку. Запропонована метрика надає можливість одержати кількісну оцінку процесу розвитку у залежності від груп економічних, екологічних та соціальних показників і наборів даних. На основі математичної моделі сталого розвитку вивчено вплив інформаційного суспільства у глобальному і регіональному масштабах. The author is grateful to students of the Institute for Applied System Analysis Dmitry Prilutsky and Boris Jakovlev for the executed computer simulation. en Навчально-науковий комплекс "Інститут прикладного системного аналізу" НТУУ "КПІ" МОН та НАН України Теоретичні та прикладні проблеми і методи системного аналізу The new metrics of sustainable development and its application Новая метрика устойчивого развития и ее применение Нова метрика сталого розвитку та її застосування Article published earlier |
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The new metrics of sustainable development and its application |
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The new metrics of sustainable development and its application Zgurovsky, M. Теоретичні та прикладні проблеми і методи системного аналізу |
| title_short |
The new metrics of sustainable development and its application |
| title_full |
The new metrics of sustainable development and its application |
| title_fullStr |
The new metrics of sustainable development and its application |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The new metrics of sustainable development and its application |
| title_sort |
new metrics of sustainable development and its application |
| author |
Zgurovsky, M. |
| author_facet |
Zgurovsky, M. |
| topic |
Теоретичні та прикладні проблеми і методи системного аналізу |
| topic_facet |
Теоретичні та прикладні проблеми і методи системного аналізу |
| publishDate |
2007 |
| language |
English |
| publisher |
Навчально-науковий комплекс "Інститут прикладного системного аналізу" НТУУ "КПІ" МОН та НАН України |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
Новая метрика устойчивого развития и ее применение Нова метрика сталого розвитку та її застосування |
| description |
The concept which unites the three main components (economic, ecological and social) of sustainable development of society is considered. A new sustainable development measuring system is proposed. These metrics makes it possible to obtain quantitative estimations of the sustainable development process depending on the groups of economic, ecological and social indicators and datasets. The influence of the information society on sustainable development is studied on a global and a regional scales on the basis the sustainable development mathematical model.
Рассматривается концепция, объединяющая три основных компонента устойчивого развития общества: экономический, экологический и социальный. Описана новая система измерения устойчивого развития. Предложенная метрика позволяет получить количественные оценки процесса развития в зависимости от групп экономических, экологических и социальных показателей и наборов данных. На основе математической модели устойчивого развития изучено влияние информационного общества в глобальном и региональном масштабах.
Розглядається концепція, яка об’єднує три основних компоненти сталого розвитку суспільства: економічний, екологічний та соціальний. Описано нову систему виміру сталого розвитку. Запропонована метрика надає можливість одержати кількісну оцінку процесу розвитку у залежності від груп економічних, екологічних та соціальних показників і наборів даних. На основі математичної моделі сталого розвитку вивчено вплив інформаційного суспільства у глобальному і регіональному масштабах.
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1681–6048 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/14100 |
| citation_txt |
The new metrics of sustainable development and its application / M. Zgurovsky // Систем. дослідж. та інформ. технології. — 2007. — № 1. — С. 7-18. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
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| fulltext |
M. Zgurovsky, 2007
Системні дослідження та інформаційні технології, 2007, № 1 7
TIДC
ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ТА ПРИКЛАДНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ І
МЕТОДИ СИСТЕМНОГО АНАЛІЗУ
УДК 504.052
THE NEW METRICS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND
ITS APPLICATION
M. ZGUROVSKY
The concept which unites the three main components (economic, ecological and
social) of sustainable development of society is considered. A new sustainable
development measuring system is proposed. These metrics makes it possible to ob-
tain quantitative estimations of the sustainable development process depending on
the groups of economic, ecological and social indicators and datasets. The influence
of the information society on sustainable development is studied on a global and
a regional scales on the basis the sustainable development mathematical model.
1
The problem which forms the subject of this study is based on the concept of sus-
tainable development. This concept has become a continuation of the theory of
noosphere formulated by the Russian academician Vladimir Vernadsky
(1922) and French mathematician Edward Le Roy (1927). The noosphere may
be seen as the “sphere of human thought» derived from the Greek word (“nous”)
meaning “mind” in the same manner as the terms “atmosphere” and “biosphere”.
In the original theory of Vernadsky, the noosphere is the third in a succession of
phases of the Earth evolution, after the geosphere (inanimate matter) and the bio-
sphere (biological life) [1]. So, the noosphere is the modern stage of the devel-
opment of biosphere connected with the emergence of the human being as an
active factor that is beginning to greatly influence the further geological evo-
lution of the planet.
The theory and practice testify, that at the turn of the centuries
V. Vernadsky’s doctrine about the noosphere proved to be the necessary platform
for development of the triune concept of sustainable ecological, social and eco-
nomic development. The generalization of this concept was made at the world
summits of the United Nations in 1992 and 2002, with the participation of more
than 100 countries of the world, many international organizations and scientists.
Thus, the new concept has united three main components of sustainable
development of the society: economic, ecological and social.
The economic approach consists in an optimum use of limited resources and
application of material and energy saving technologies for the creation of a stream
of the cumulative income, which would provide at least preservation (not reduc-
1 The author is grateful to students of the Institute for Applied System Analysis Dmitry
Prilutsky and Boris Jakovlev for the executed computer simulation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sphere_of_knowledge&action=edit�
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language�
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nous�
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind�
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere�
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere�
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Ivanovich_Vernadsky�
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geosphere�
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere�
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere�
M. Zgurovsky
ISSN 1681–6048 System Research & Information Technologies, 2007, № 1 8
tion) of the cumulative capital (physical, natural or human) used for the creation
of this cumulative income.
At the same time transition to the information society results in a change of
the cumulative capital structure in favor of human, non-material streams of the
finance, information and the intellectual property. By now these streams exceed
seven times the volumes of the material goods moving [ru.wikipedia.org.en]. De-
velopment of new, «weightless» economy (economy of knowledge) is stimulated
not only by the deficiency of natural resources, but also by the growth of volumes
of the information, and knowledge is getting a new value.
From the point of view of ecology, the sustainable development should pro-
vide integrity of biological and physical natural systems, their viability. The glob-
al stability of biosphere depends on it. Special significance is attached to the abili-
ty of such systems to self recrudesce and adaptation to various changes, instead of
being preserved in a certain static condition or degrading and losing biological
variety.
Social component is oriented to human development, preservation of stabili-
ty of public and cultural systems, reduction of quantity of conflicts in the society.
The human being should become not an object, but the subject of development.
He or she should take part in the formation of their own lives, making and realiza-
tion of decisions, exercising control over their implementation. In providing these
conditions an important part belongs to the pluralism of opinions and tolerance in
relations between people, preservation of the cultural capital and its variety, fairly
distribution of the benefits between people (reduction of a so-called GINI-index).
The system coordination of these three components is a problem of huge
complexity. In particular, the interrelation of social and ecological components
results in the necessity of preservation of the identical rights of the today and fu-
ture generations to the use of natural resources. Interaction of social and economic
components demands the achievement of validity in distribution of material bene-
fits between people and granting targeted help to poor layers of the society. And
at last, the interrelation of nature protection and economic components demands
cost estimation of technologies influences on the environment. The solution of
these problems is the main challenge of today for the national governments, the
authoritative international organizations and all progressive people of the world.
1. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT METRICS
The important problem on the way of embodiment of the sustainable development
concept is formation of measures (indices and indicators) for quantitative and
qualitative estimation of this very complicated process. The main requirements to
the specified measures (metrics) are their information “completeness” and the
adequacy of representation of the interconnected triad of the sustainable devel-
opment components. Now in this direction well-known international organiza-
tions and numerous scientists are working, but the unequivocal coordination of
these measures has not been achieved yet.
Let us represent the metrics of sustainable development which were sug-
gested by the Institute for Applied System Analysis of the National Academy of
Science of Ukraine.
The new metrics of sustainable development and its application
Системні дослідження та інформаційні технології, 2007, № 1 9
The essence of the concept of sustainable development (fig. 1) is system
coordination of economic, ecological and human development in such a way that
the quality and safety of life should not decrease from one generation to another.
The environmental conditions should not worsen and the social progress should
meet the needs of every person.
To meet this concept it is necessary to introduce some measurement systems
(metrics) of the sustainable development.
The sustainable development measurement has been done by the introduc-
tion of the corresponding index ( sdI ) (fig. 1).
This index is determined by three dimensions: economic ( ecI ), ecological
( eI ) and social ( sI ). In its turn, each of the indices ( ecI ), ( eI ), ( sI ) is calculated
by six global indices widely used in the international practice (table 1).
T a b l e 1 . The set of global indices
Measure of
sustainable
development
Global index
Constituents (49
indicators, 188
datasets)
Source
Economic
( ecI )
cI — Growth
competitiveness index
3 indicators,
47 sets of data
World Economic Forum
[www.weforum.org]
efI — Economic
freedom index
10 indicators,
50 sets of data
Heritage Foundation
[www.heritage.org]
Ecological
( eI )
esI — Environmental
Sustainability Index
21 indicators,
76 sets of data
Yale University, USA
[www.yale.edu/esi]
Social
( sI )
qI — Quality-of-life
index
9 indicators Economist Intelligence Unit
[www.en.wikipedia.org]
hdI — Human
development index
3 indicators United Nation Development
program [www.hdr.undp.org]
ksI — Knowledge
society index
3 indicators,
15 sets of data
UNDESA,
[UN, NE.04.C.1.2005]
Ecological
Ie = Ies = ESI
Economic
Iec= F(Ic,Ief)
Social
Is = F(Iq,Ihd,Iks)
Ic
Ie
Iec
Isd
Fig. 1. Global dimensions of sustainable development
M. Zgurovsky
ISSN 1681–6048 System Research & Information Technologies, 2007, № 1 10
An index of economic dimension ( ecI ) shall be generated from two global
indices:
Growth Competitiveness Index (further — an index of competitiveness —
cI ), which was developed by the organizers of World Economic Forum. This in-
dex is annually defined for 117 economies of the world and published in the form
of so-called «the Global Competitiveness Report». We use this report for 2005-
2006 [2]. The index of competitiveness is formed of such three indicators: the
indicator of technological development of a country; the indicator of civil insti-
tutes and the indicator of the macroeconomic environment. In their turn, these
three indicators are calculated on the basis of 47 data sets regarding the conditions
of technologies transfer and innovational development of a country, level of de-
velopment of information and communication technologies, level of outlay for
researches and development, level of foreign investments, level of business inde-
pendence from the government, level of corruption in a country, and others.
Economic Freedom Index ( efI ), developed by the intellectual centre of Her-
itage Foundation [3]. It is annually printed in the Wall Street Journal. The Eco-
nomic Freedom Index is formed of the following ten indicators: trade policy of
country, fiscal load on the part of government, governmental intervention in
economy, monetary policy, streams of capitals and foreign investments, bank and
financial activity, policy of formation of the prices and payment, rights to private
property, policy of regulation, informal activity of the market. These ten indica-
tors are received, using 50 sets of economic, financial, legislative and administra-
tive data.
Index of ecological dimension ( eI ) shall be evaluated on the basis of well
known Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) designed by the Centre of eco-
logical legislation and policy of Yale University (USA) for 146 countries of the
world [4]. ESI is generated from 21 ecological indicators which, in their turn, are
defined by use of 76 sets of ecological data, level of environmental pollution in
the past and present, efforts of country in the management of ecological condi-
tions, the ability of a country to improve ecological characteristics and other.
ESI quantitatively defines the ability of this or that country to protect the en-
vironment both in current period of time, and in long-term prospect, proceeding
from five criteria: availability of national ecological system; ability to counteract
ecological influences; reduction of people’s dependence on ecological influences;
social capabilities of a country to meet ecological challenges; the possibility to
exercise the global control over ecological condition of a country. Also this index
can be used as a powerful tool for decision-making at an analytical level with al-
lowance for social and economic measurements of sustainable development of a
country.
An index of social dimension ( sI ) shall be generated by averaging of three
global indexes:
Quality of Life Index ( qI ), developed by the international organization
Economist Intelligence Unit [5]. This index is formed with the help of the follow-
ing nine indicators: gross national product per capita by the parity of purchasing
capacity; average life expectancy of the population of country; rating of political
stability and safety of a country; quantity of the divorced families per 1000 popu-
The new metrics of sustainable development and its application
Системні дослідження та інформаційні технології, 2007, № 1 11
lation; level of public activity (activity of trade unions, public organizations and
so on); distinctions on geographical breadth between warmer and colder regions
of country; rate of unemployment in country; level of political and civil freedom
in a country; a ratio of an average salary of men and women.
Human Development Index ( hdI ) which is used by the United Nations
Development Program [6]. It is formed on the basis of the following three
indicators: average life expectancy of the population of a country; level of
education; the standard of life of the population of a country which is measured
by gross national product per capita by the parity of purchasing capacity.
Index of Knowledge Societies, or К — societies ( ksI ), developed by depart-
ment of the United Nations on economic and social affairs — UNDESA [7]. This
index is defined by three basic indicators: the assets indicator; advancement indi-
cator and foresightedness indicator, which, in turn, are formed with the help of 15
data sets on level of involvement of the youth in education and information, in-
vestment climate in a country, level of corruption, inequality of distribution of
material and social benefits (GINI-index), level of children's death rate, etc.
As seen from table 1, the sustainable development index ( sdI ) is defined in
terms of 49 indicators and 188 data sets. On the basis of compositions of different
indicators and data sets for these three dimensions, the mathematical model as a
system of linear algebraic equations (fig. 2) was developed for calculation of the
sustainable development index ( sdI ).
All data, indicators and indices which are included in the model (fig. 2) are
measured in different units and have various interpretations. That is why they are
reduced to the normal form in such a way that their changes and the changes of
the indices themselves were in the range from 0 to 1. In this case the lowest val-
ues of the above indicators will correspond to the numerical values close to 0, and
the highest — will approximate these values to 1. Such normalization allows cal-
culate each of the indices ecI , eI , sI and sdI in the form of an averaged sum of
Fig. 2. Mathematical model for calculation of sustainable development index (Model 1)
Economic dimension
13 indicators
97 datasets
Ecological dimension
21 indicators
76 datasets
Total: 49 indicators;
188 databases
Social
Dimension
15 indicators
15 datasets
qI
hdI
ksI
efI cI ESII =e
));(
;(
kshdqe
cefsd
IIIESII
IIfI
++
+=
sdI
M. Zgurovsky
ISSN 1681–6048 System Research & Information Technologies, 2007, № 1 12
its constituents with the corresponding weighting coefficients. In their turn, the
weighting coefficients in the calculation formula of the sustainable development
index ( sdI ) are chosen in such a way that allows provide the same weights of
economic, ecological and social measures in this index.
As a result, according to the mathematical model, the sustainable develop-
ment index ( sdI ) is calculated for 48 countries (table 2) by using the introduced
measures, global indices, corresponding indicators and datasets (fig. 2).
T a b l e 2 . The sustainable development index for top 48 countries
Ranking Country
GGP per capita
by the parity of
purchasing
capacity (thous.
dol. USA)
Index of
sustainable
develop-
ment
Index of the
economic
measure
Index of the
ecological
measure
Index of
the social
measure
1 Finland 29,650 0,786 0,567 0,751 0,802
2 Iceland 41,804 0,780 0,561 0,708 0,839
3 Sweden 30,590 0,774 0,538 0,717 0,84
4 Norway 39,590 0,755 0,488 0,734 0,829
5 Switzerland 33,580 0,738 0,538 0,637 0,82
6 Luxemburg 69,737 0,738 0,558 0,618 0,816
7 Denmark 32,490 0,731 0,563 0,582 0,828
8 Canada 34,150 0,720 0,525 0,644 0,777
9 Ireland 36,790 0,716 0,559 0,592 0,779
10 Australia 31,010 0,716 0,532 0,61 0,792
11 New Zealand 25,110 0,713 0,526 0,61 0,79
12 Austria 31,420 0,708 0,504 0,627 0,785
13 USA 41,529 0,695 0,562 0,53 0,779
14 Germany 28,250 0,687 0,51 0,57 0,777
15 Netherlands 30,920 0,684 0,524 0,537 0,787
16 Japan 30,750 0,680 0,48 0,573 0,793
17 England 31,150 0,674 0,543 0,502 0,773
18 Estonia 14,800 0,662 0,533 0,582 0,658
19 Uruguay 8,869 0,647 0,382 0,718 0,659
20 Chile 12,120 0,642 0,511 0,536 0,678
21 France 30,640 0,641 0,438 0,552 0,754
22 Spain 25,370 0,626 0,455 0,488 0,758
23 Israel 21,310 0,623 0,454 0,509 0,725
24 Latvia 11,862 0,618 0,42 0,604 0,649
25 Belgium 30,660 0,615 0,468 0,444 0,755
26 Italy 27,960 0,613 0,411 0,501 0,759
27 Kosta Rika 9,000 0,607 0,372 0,596 0,685
28 Czech Republic 17,600 0,602 0,459 0,466 0,703
29 Slovakia 15,513 0,601 0,428 0,528 0,673
30 Hungary 16,047 0,601 0,424 0,52 0,686
31 Croatia 11,870 0,596 0,367 0,595 0,661
32 Korea 23,360 0,591 0,444 0,43 0,729
33 Malaysia 10,450 0,590 0,413 0,54 0,643
The new metrics of sustainable development and its application
Системні дослідження та інформаційні технології, 2007, № 1 13
34 Greece 22,340 0,586 0,392 0,501 0,703
35 Panama 6,760 0,583 0,363 0,577 0,646
36 Brazil 8,760 0,581 0,347 0,622 0,61
37 Columbia 7,330 0,565 0,35 0,589 0,597
38 Poland 12,825 0,559 0,401 0,45 0,667
39 Bulgaria 8,664 0,549 0,365 0,5 0,628
40 Mexico 10,000 0,546 0,373 0,462 0,649
41 Tunis 7,910 0,544 0,37 0,518 0,586
42 Bolivia 3,680 0,542 0,322 0,595 0,556
43 Romania 6,105 0,519 0,34 0,462 0,616
44 Russia 9,81 0,515 0,319 0,561 0,52
45 Moldova 2,280 0,506 0,33 0,512 0,529
46 Trinidad 11,720 0,500 0,391 0,363 0,599
47 Ukraine 6,500 0,485 0,319 0,447 0,554
48 Egypt 3,930 0,484 0,337 0,44 0,535
2. APPLICATION THE METRICS FOR ESTIMATION OF INFORMATION
SOCIETY IMPACT ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
One of the major components in the model of sustainable development is the
group of indicators and the data sets describing the concept of the information
society [8]. In terms of the main criterion: “No decrease of quality and safety
of human life” the question arises — how does the level of the information
society development, as one of the products of human activities, influence sus-
tainable development on the global and regional scale?
We carry out research of the sustainable development index dependence on
this component.
Proceeding from the analysis of the mathematical model (fig. 2) we see that
48 indicators and 188 datasets are used to calculate the sustainable development
index. 14 indicators and datasets directly characterize the content of the informa-
tion society (table 3).
They are included into the index of knowledge society ( ksl ) and the growth
competitiveness index ( cl ). Taking into account the weighting coefficients of the
above indicators and datasets in the indices ( ksl ) and ( cl ) the impact of the in-
formation society on sustainable development will be estimated by the formula [9]:
)(Impact ccksksis IQIQF += .
After transformation we have:
sd
is
sd
с 6,637,5Impact
I
I
I
I
+= ,
where isF is an impact factor of the information society on sustainable develop-
ment; ksQ , cQ are summarized weighting coefficients of indicators and datasets
which characterize the information society and are included in the indices ( ksl )
and ( cl ), respectively.
M. Zgurovsky
ISSN 1681–6048 System Research & Information Technologies, 2007, № 1 14
To determine the dependence of the sustainable development index ( sdI ) on
the impact factor of the information society ( isF ) in the global context the
calculations were made by using the model of sustainable development (fig. 2)
and the system of estimating the impact factor ( isF ) of the information society on
sustainable development (fig. 3).
The ranking of 46 countries by the impact factor of the information society
on sustainable development is given in table 4.
T a b l e 3 . The set of indicators and datasets which characterize the information
society
№
Description
Weighting coefficients А. Index of the knowledge society ( ksI )
1 Years of schooling 0,066
2 Young population 0,066
3 Newspapers per 1000 pop. 0,066
4 Internet users per 10000 pop. 0,066
5 Main Phone Lines per 100 pop. 0,066
6 Cell Phones per 100 pop. 0,066
7 R&D Expenditure (% of GDP) 0,066
8 Pupils per teacher 0,066
9 Gini Index 0,066
Qks=0,60
B. Growth Competetiveness Index ( cI )
10 Cell Phones per 100 pop. 0,050
11 Internet users per 10000 pop. 0,050
12 Internet hosts per 10000 pop. 0,050
13 Main Phone Lines per 100 pop. 0,050
14 Personal Computers per 100 pop. 0,050
Qc=0,25
Fig. 3. Estimation of the information society impact on sustainable development
(Model 2)
Growth competitiveness
Index ( cI )
ksks IQ
cc IQ
)( issd FfI =
)( ccksksis IQIQF +
K
no
w
le
dg
e
so
ci
et
y
In
de
x
(I ks
)
The new metrics of sustainable development and its application
Системні дослідження та інформаційні технології, 2007, № 1 15
T a b l e 4 . The ranking of countries by the impact of information society on
sustainable development
Ranking Country
Index of sust.
development
( sdI )
Index of
economic
dimension
( ecI )
Index of
ecological
dimension
( eI )
Index of
social di-
mension
( sI )
Impact of
IS on sust.
develop-
ment, %
1 Denmark 0,731 0,563 0,582 0,828 11,046
2 Japan 0,680 0,480 0,573 0,793 10,847
3 Great Britain 0,674 0,543 0,502 0,773 10,808
4 Germany 0,687 0,510 0,570 0,777 10,682
5 Israel 0,623 0,454 0,509 0,725 10,664
6 Netherlands 0,684 0,524 0,537 0,787 10,614
7 Belgium 0,615 0,468 0,444 0,755 10,606
8 Sweden 0,774 0,538 0,717 0,840 10,545
9 USA 0,695 0,562 0,530 0,779 10,496
10 France 0,641 0,438 0,552 0,754 10,343
11 Switzerland 0,737 0,538 0,637 0,820 10,298
12 Iceland 0,780 0,561 0,708 0,839 10,289
13 New Zealand 0,713 0,526 0,610 0,790 10,247
14 Austria 0,708 0,504 0,627 0,785 10,213
15 Czech Republic 0,602 0,459 0,466 0,703 10,210
16 Spain 0,626 0,455 0,488 0,758 10,149
17 Norway 0,755 0,488 0,734 0,829 10,128
18 Finland 0,786 0,567 0,751 0,802 9,968
19 Poland 0,559 0,401 0,450 0,667 9,892
20 Hungary 0,601 0,424 0,520 0,686 9,879
21 Luxemburg 0,735 0,557 0,618 0,815 9,833
22 Tunis 0,544 0,370 0,518 0,586 9,820
23 Italy 0,612 0,411 0,501 0,759 9,763
24 Malaysia 0,589 0,413 0,540 0,643 9,741
25 Slovakia 0,602 0,428 0,528 0,673 9,698
26 Australia 0,716 0,532 0,610 0,792 9,692
27 Canada 0,721 0,525 0,644 0,777 9,502
28 Romania 0,519 0,340 0,462 0,616 8,781
29 Egypt 0,482 0,337 0,440 0,528 9,399
30 Mexico 0,545 0,373 0,462 0,649 9,394
31 Costa Rikа 0,606 0,372 0,596 0,685 9,348
32 Greece 0,586 0,392 0,501 0,703 9,340
33 Estonia 0,662 0,533 0,582 0,658 9,296
34 Bulgaria 0,549 0,365 0,500 0,628 9,288
35 Chile 0,642 0,511 0,536 0,678 9,272
36 Latvia 0,618 0,420 0,604 0,649 9,183
37 Croatia 0,596 0,367 0,595 0,661 9,031
38 Moldova 0,506 0,330 0,512 0,529 8,996
39 Ukraine 0,486 0,319 0,447 0,554 8,996
40 Trinidad 0,500 0,391 0,363 0,599 8,955
41 Panama 0,583 0,363 0,577 0,646 8,928
M. Zgurovsky
ISSN 1681–6048 System Research & Information Technologies, 2007, № 1 16
42 Ireland 0,717 0,559 0,592 0,779 8,784
43 Russia 0,515 0,319 0,561 0,520 8,618
44 Uruguay 0,648 0,382 0,718 0,659 8,358
45 Columbia 0,566 0,350 0,589 0,597 8,189
46 Brazil 0,581 0,347 0,622 0,610 7,850
In regional aspect such dependencies were revealed for a group of the
leading countries in accordance with the sustainable development index (these
countries were referred to as SMART societies, table 5).
T a b l e 5 . Ranking of Smart countries by the impact of information society on
sustainable development
Ranking Country
Index of
sustainable
development
( sdI )
Index of
economic
dimension
( ecI )
Index of
ecological
dimension
( eI )
Index of
social
dimension
( sI )
Impact of IS
on sustaina-
ble deve-
lopment, %
1 Denmark 0,731 0,563 0,582 0,828 11,046
2 Sweden 0,774 0,538 0,717 0,840 10,545
4 Switzerland 0,737 0,538 0,637 0,820 10,298
3 Iceland 0,780 0,561 0,708 0,839 10,289
5 Norway 0,755 0,488 0,734 0,829 10,128
7 Finland 0,786 0,567 0,751 0,802 9,968
6 Luxemburg 0,735 0,557 0,618 0,815 9,833
8 Australia 0,716 0,532 0,610 0,792 9,692
9 Canada 0,721 0,525 0,644 0,777 9,502
10 Ireland 0,717 0,559 0,592 0,779 8,784
T a b l e 6 . Ranking of G8 countries by the impact of information society on
sustainable development
Ranking Country
Index of
sustainable
development
( sdI )
Index of
economic
dimension
( ecI )
Index of
ecological
dimension
( eI )
Index of
social
dimension
( sI )
Impact of IS
on sustainable
development,
%
1 Japan 0,680 0,480 0,573 0,793 10,847
2 Great Britain 0,674 0,543 0,502 0,773 10,808
3 Germany 0,687 0,510 0,570 0,777 10,682
4 USA 0,695 0,562 0,530 0,779 10,496
5 France 0,641 0,438 0,552 0,754 10,343
6 Italy 0,612 0,411 0,501 0,759 9,763
7 Canada 0,721 0,525 0,644 0,777 9,502
8 Russia 0,515 0,319 0,561 0,520 6,360
For G8 countries these dependences are given in table 6 and for the group of
the former socialist countries — in table 7.
The new metrics of sustainable development and its application
Системні дослідження та інформаційні технології, 2007, № 1 17
T a b l e 7 . Ranking of the former socialist countries by the impact of informa-
tion society on sustainable development
Ranking Country
Index of
sustainable
development
( sdI )
Index of
economic
dimension
( ecI )
Index of
ecological
dimension
( eI )
Index of
social
dimension
( sI )
Impact of
IS on sus-
tainable de-
velopment,
%
1 Czech Republic 0,602 0,459 0,466 0,703 10,210
2 Poland 0,559 0,401 0,450 0,667 9,892
3 Slovak Republic 0,602 0,428 0,528 0,673 9,698
5 Estonia 0,662 0,533 0,582 0,658 9,296
6 Bulgaria 0,549 0,365 0,500 0,628 9,288
7 Latvia 0,618 0,420 0,604 0,649 9,183
8 Croatia 0,596 0,367 0,595 0,661 9,031
9 Moldova 0,506 0,330 0,512 0,529 8,996
10 Ukraine 0,486 0,319 0,447 0,554 8,996
Thus, the developed mathematical models or metrics allow carry out various
researches with the purpose of revealing a measure of influence of different fac-
tors on sustainable development.
In table 8, for example, the average values of the impact factor Fis for all 46
countries, and for groups of G8, Smart countries, and the former socialist coun-
tries are presented. We see that the influence of the information society on sus-
tainable development is the most essential for G8. For Smart countries this influ-
ence is somewhat weaker, while for the former socialist countries it is even less.
T a b l e 8 . Average impact values and correlation characteristics
Groups of countries Average Im-
pact, %
Correlation between
isF and sdI
Correlation between Cor-
ruption Perception and sdI
1 2 3 4
46 countries 9,711 0,87 0,916
G8 10,132 0,783 0,833
Smart countries 10,008 0,737 0,707
Post Sov. Countries 9,409 0,985 0,904
The correlation between the impact factor isF and the sustainable develop-
ment index sdI was calculated by the formula:
.
∑∑
∑
=
i
2
i
i
2
i
i
ii
xy
yx
yx
K
This correlation is the greatest for the former socialist countries. For G8
members and for Smart countries it is lower. The former socialist countries, on
the other hand, demonstrate the highest development rates of the information so-
ciety despite its current low positions, unlike the G8 members and other Smart
M. Zgurovsky
ISSN 1681–6048 System Research & Information Technologies, 2007, № 1 18
countries. Besides the character of the development of the information society in
the former socialist countries mostly corresponds to the character of sustainable
development.
The correlation of the corruption perception index and the index of sustaina-
ble development is presented in column 4 of table 8, for comparison. We see that
this correlation is the highest for the former socialist countries, while being at a
lower level for G8 and at much lower level for Smart countries, respectively.
3. CONCLUSIONS
1. The new sustainable development measuring system (metric) was worked
out. This metric allows obtain quantitative estimations of the sustainable devel-
opment process depending on the groups of economic, ecological and social indi-
cators and datasets.
2. The impact of the information society on sustainable development was
studied on the global and regional scale based on the sustainable development
mathematical model.
3. The created tool allows develop some recommendations regarding the
ways of improving the standards of life quality and safety in particular countries
and regions of the world by the advance of the information society and competi-
tive growth parameters.
REFERENCES
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4. Data of the Centre of ecological legislation and policy of Yale University (USA),
[www.yale.edu/esi].
5. The publications of Economist Intelligence Unit [www. en. wikipedia. org].
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[UN publication № Е.04. ІІ.C.1, 2005].
8. Kapitza S.P. Global population blow-up and after: The Demographic Revolution and
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Received 14.11.2006
From the Editorial Board: the article corresponds completely to submitted manu-
script.
The New Metrics of Sustainable Development and its Application
M. Zgurovsky P1
1. Sustainable Development Metrics
2. Application the Metrics for Estimation of Information Society Impact on the Sustainable Development
3. Conclusions
Fig. 1. Global dimensions of sustainable development
Fig. 2. Mathematical model for calculation of sustainable development index (Model 1)
Fig. 3. Estimation of the information society impact on sustainable development (Model 2)
|