Iron and steel Institute of the NAS. Scientific and technical support of black metallurgy
The state of black metallurgy as a basic branch of the Ukrainian economy is shown. The main scientific developments of the Institute on scientific and technical support and modernization of blast furnace, steelmaking and rolling production are presented.
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Інститут чорної металургії ім. З.І. Некрасова НАН України
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nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-1439772025-02-23T17:39:22Z Iron and steel Institute of the NAS. Scientific and technical support of black metallurgy Институт черной металлургии НАН Украины. Научно-техническое сопровождение черной металлургии Інститут чорної металургії НАН України. Науково-технічний супровід чорної металургії Babachenko, A.I. Tuboltsev, L.G. Общие проблемы The state of black metallurgy as a basic branch of the Ukrainian economy is shown. The main scientific developments of the Institute on scientific and technical support and modernization of blast furnace, steelmaking and rolling production are presented. Показано состояние черной металлургии как базовой отрасли экономики Украины. Приведены основные научные разработки Института по научно-техническому сопровождению и модернизации доменного, сталеплавильного и прокатного производства. Показано стан чорної металургії як базової галузі економіки України. Наведено основні наукові розробки Інституту з науково-технічного супроводу та модернізації доменного, сталеплавильного і прокатного виробництв. 2017 Article Iron and steel Institute of the NAS. Scientific and technical support of black metallurgy / A.I. Babachenko, L.G. Tuboltsev // Фундаментальные и прикладные проблемы черной металлургии: Сб. научн. тр. — Дніпро.: ІЧМ НАН України, 2017. — Вип. 31. — С. 3-9. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. 2522-9117 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/143977 669.1:33(477) en Фундаментальные и прикладные проблемы черной металлургии application/pdf Інститут чорної металургії ім. З.І. Некрасова НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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Общие проблемы Общие проблемы |
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Общие проблемы Общие проблемы Babachenko, A.I. Tuboltsev, L.G. Iron and steel Institute of the NAS. Scientific and technical support of black metallurgy Фундаментальные и прикладные проблемы черной металлургии |
| description |
The state of black metallurgy as a basic branch of the Ukrainian economy is shown. The main scientific developments of the Institute on scientific and technical support and modernization of blast furnace, steelmaking and rolling production are presented. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Babachenko, A.I. Tuboltsev, L.G. |
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Babachenko, A.I. Tuboltsev, L.G. |
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Babachenko, A.I. |
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Iron and steel Institute of the NAS. Scientific and technical support of black metallurgy |
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Iron and steel Institute of the NAS. Scientific and technical support of black metallurgy |
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Iron and steel Institute of the NAS. Scientific and technical support of black metallurgy |
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Iron and steel Institute of the NAS. Scientific and technical support of black metallurgy |
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Iron and steel Institute of the NAS. Scientific and technical support of black metallurgy |
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iron and steel institute of the nas. scientific and technical support of black metallurgy |
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Інститут чорної металургії ім. З.І. Некрасова НАН України |
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2017 |
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Общие проблемы |
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https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/143977 |
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Iron and steel Institute of the NAS. Scientific and technical support of black metallurgy / A.I. Babachenko, L.G. Tuboltsev // Фундаментальные и прикладные проблемы черной металлургии: Сб. научн. тр. — Дніпро.: ІЧМ НАН України, 2017. — Вип. 31. — С. 3-9. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
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3
УДК 669.1:33(477)
A.I.Babachenko, L.G.Tuboltsev
IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE OF THE NAS OF UKRAINE.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT OF BLACK METALLURGY
Iron and Steel Institute of National Academy of Science of Ukraine
The state of black metallurgy as a basic branch of the Ukrainian economy is shown.
The main scientific developments of the Institute on scientific and technical support and
modernization of blast furnace, steelmaking and rolling production are presented.
Key words: metallurgy, modernization, Iron and Steel Institute, scientific
developments
In the economy of most regions and countries of the world, steel products
continue to be the main structural material. In 2014, 1.662 billion tons of steel
was produced, which is a new record level. In 2015, world production fell
somewhat to 1.599 billion tons, mainly due to a reduction in steel production in
China. In 2016, world steel production (1.629 billion tons) again began to grow,
which continued in 2017.
Tendencies in the development of Ukraine's metallurgical production, in
general, coincide with the trends in the development of world metallurgy.
However, after 2007, the trends in the production of steel in Ukraine and in the
world vary significantly (Fig. 1). If before 2007 the nature of domestic
production corresponded to world trends, after the financial crisis of 2008-2009
the country was not able to restore it, at least to the level of 2004. In recent years,
the decline in steel production continued, which is one of the consequences of
the Ukrainian economic crisis and military operations in the Donbass.
Fig. 1. Steel
production in the
world and in
Ukraine in 2004-
2017.
Analysis shows that world steel production volumes (Qst) and gross domestic
product (GDP) are closely correlated and with a 95% confidence can be
described by a linear equation (Fig. 2):
GDP (Billions of US dollars) = 61,41 Qst (Millions of tons) – 21217 R² = 0,949
4
Fig.2. The
relationship
between global
steel production
and world GDP
(according to
data for the
period 2004-
2015).
In Ukraine, the relationship between the production of steel and GDP is less
pronounced, but it is possible to trace the clear dependence of the increase in the
deficit of the state budget of Ukraine on the decrease in the volume of steel
production (Fig. 3).
Fig. 3.
Dependence of
the increase in
the state budget
deficit on the
reduction of
steel smelting in
Ukraine.
Thus, the problems of the mining and metallurgical complex are directly
reflected in the state of the Ukrainian economy, which was especially evident in
2008-2015. Over the years of independence, the metallurgical complex has
always played a decisive role in the country's economy and was the main supplier
of currency to the country (34-44%). Today, this share can not be counted,
because as a result of military operations some of the plants are standing, while
the connections between enterprises and the supply of raw materials and energy
resources are broken.
The technical level of domestic metallurgical production is significantly
lower than the world level, while high-tech types of metallurgical products are
practically not produced. Ukraine exports semi-finished products and raw
materials for metallurgical products. On the one hand, it provides a constant
5
market for the sale of products, and on the other hand, does not stimulate an
increase in the technical level of production [1,2]. As a result, for the last three
decades the technological base of metallurgy practically did not change, which
in turn reduced the industry's need for innovations and new scientific and
technological developments, did not create a basis for economic and social
development of the country, increased threats to its national security. At the same
time, Ukraine belongs to one of the five countries of the world (Ukraine, China,
Australia, USA and Russia), which has all the necessary resources for the
development of metallurgy (iron ore, coal, ferroalloys, fluxes, manganese and all
necessary components for production).
Metallurgy refers to inertial industries, while the creation and
implementation of new metallurgical technologies worldwide is much faster than
in Ukraine. Trends in the development of ferrous metallurgy abroad are well
known to metallurgists in Ukraine, but the implementation of scientific
achievements is hampered by insufficient attention from the state to the problems
of the industry and the lack of the necessary volume of investments. At the same
time, Ukraine has a sufficiently developed scientific potential for the
development of metallurgy.
An example is the Iron and Steel Institute of the National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine, which is the leading scientific organization of Ukraine in
the field of metallurgy. The Institute was established in 1939 and was initially
aimed at fulfilling one of the most important tasks of the Academy - conducting
fundamental scientific research and creating metallurgical technologies with
subsequent implementation in production.
Researchers of the Institute have developed a large number of new
technologies in the main redistribution of metallurgical production, many of
which were created for the first time in world practice and today constitute the
face of world metallurgy. The contribution of Ukrainian scientists to the
development of world metallurgy is significant and indisputable. The use of
scientific developments of scientists of the National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine and the Iron and Steel Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine allowed:
to prove the prospects and advantages of the construction of large blast
furnaces. For the first time in world practice, the world's largest blast furnace
with a capacity of 5000 cubic meters was built at the Krivorozhstal Combine;
to develop alternative energy sources for blast-furnace smelting, in particular
pulverized coal, coke oven gas and solid fuels. This technology allows to save
coke to 20%;
to create the first in the world small-section rolling mill of endless rolling;
for the first time to develop and widely implement in the world practice
technologies and installations for the desulphurization of cast iron with granular
magnesium;
6
for the first time in the world practice, under the guidance of Academician
K.Starodubov, to develop and implement energy-saving technologies of thermal
hardening of rolled products of wide assortment using the heat of rolling heating;
under the leadership of Academician A.Chekmarev, to solve the problem of
producing a high-quality sheet for the automotive industry.
All these developments are a major milestone in the history of Ukraine, its
National Academy of Sciences and are widely used today throughout the world.
As an example, we consider it expedient to cite some of the Institute's recent
scientific developments.
The Institute's scientists directly participated in the development of such
program documents as the "Concept for the Development of the Mining and
Metallurgical Complex" and the draft "National Program for the Development of
the Mining and Metallurgical Complex," which allowed the adoption at the state
level of a number of legislative decisions aimed at stabilizing the industry and
outlining promising areas development of metallurgy [4,5].
The scientifically grounded technology of loading multicomponent mixed
portions of charge materials into a blast furnace equipped with cone-free
charging devices is developed. The technology makes it possible to effectively
use coke substitutes and garnet-forming materials, to reduce the negative effect
of coke of different qualities, and to improve the melting parameters when
loading multicomponent portions consisting of agglomerate, pellets and coke.
Further work was done to improve the technology of blast furnace smelting
with injection of pulverized coal, study the regularities of the energy balance of
blast furnace smelting, improve the methodology for calculating the effect of the
chemical composition of alternative fuels on the performance of the blast
furnace.
Technological measures to protect the lining of blast furnaces with the
loading of coke of different quality into the furnace have been developed,
scientifically substantiated and implemented in the conditions of the
metallurgical combine. Recommendations are developed to increase the
consumption of secondary resources through their preliminary training.
The main provisions of a rational technology for preparing pig iron for
smelting low-sulfur oxygen-converter steel are determined. In this case, the
desulphurization of cast iron is carried out by injecting granular magnesium
using a two-nozzle tuyere without an evaporation chamber. Correction of the
chemical composition of the ladle slag is carried out by the addition of
fractionated lime, which ensures: minimum costs for the reagent, high ability of
the slag to absorb sulfur and minimal losses of metal during subsequent loading.
The method of using electric influences in the process of oxygen-converter
smelting has been scientifically substantiated, developed and implemented at
domestic and foreign plants. The imposition of electric potentials of low power
allows reducing metal losses during melting, reducing the content of gases in the
melt and improving the environmental parameters of melting. Studies are
7
continuing on the use of this method in other metallurgical processes, including
blast furnace smelting and out-of-furnace cast iron processing.
In the field of rolling production, methods have been developed for
determining rational schemes for the production of rolled products of various
grades from continuous cast billets that enable us to determine rational solutions
for the design of casting and rolling complexes for the production of graded and
staffed rolled products. The solutions are based on the results of mathematical
modeling of the temperature and energy parameters of rolling, the forecasting of
mechanical properties and the accuracy of the geometric dimensions of finished
rolled products.
A mathematical model of the roll-casting-rolling process has been
developed, which makes it possible to calculate the fields of temperature,
velocity, and the stress-strain state of solidified metal in the center of
crystallization-deformation. The use of this model in the design of industrial
plants makes it possible to determine the main parameters of the process and to
prevent the occurrence of instability in the casting-rolling process.
In the field of metal science and heat treatment, the principles of the process
of thermal and thermomechanical processing of rolled products using the heat of
rolling heating, which was first developed by the Institute.
The principal possibility of formation of bainitic structures with an increased
degree of misorientation during thermal processing of low-carbon microalloyed
steels is shown. The most important condition for the formation of these
structures in the heat treatment of rolled products is the presence of potential
nucleation centers, which can be used as particles of titanium carbonitrides and
aluminum nitrides. A mechanism for controlling the concentration and ratios of
particles of different nature over a wide temperature range of their formation has
been developed.
The modes of thermo-mechanical processing of wire rod made of carbon
steel, microalloyed with boron and vanadium, provide the necessary complex of
mechanical properties of high-strength ropes without the use of intermediate heat
treatment (patenting).
Further ideas were developed on the regularities of the formation of defects
on the surface of rolling of railway wheels and the influence of the chemical
composition of wheel steel on this process. The regularities of the influence of
carbon on the resistance to the formation of defects on the rolling surface of the
wheels are established. The ways of increasing the reliability and durability of
railway wheels made of continuously cast billets are determined.
At present, the Institute's scientists concentrate on the development of the
following issues:
development of scientifically grounded methods for improving the
technology of blast furnace smelting, steel production, rolling and
thermomechanical steel processing with the creation of software complexes;
8
development of new technological and technical solutions to improve
the smelting of steel of specified quality and to study the mechanisms that
take place in the process of its production;
studying the influence of new technological schemes of production,
alloying and microalloying of steel, thermal and thermomechanical
processing on the formation of the structure and properties of rolled metal
for mass and special purposes;
analysis of problems and trends in the development of metallurgical
production and preparation of recommendations for the development of the
mining and metallurgical complex of Ukraine.
Remaining at present the largest center of metallurgical science in the
country, the Institute has new developments in its activity aimed at increasing
the efficiency of all metallurgical operations. The implementation of these
developments will significantly improve the efficiency of metallurgical
enterprises in modern conditions, improve the quality of manufactured metal
products and its competitiveness in the world market [6].
Cooperation with industrial enterprises is very important for the
development of the scientific potential of the Institute. On the one hand, this is
an excellent opportunity to implement their research in practice, the introduction
of new developments and technologies aimed at saving material resources and
energy. On the other hand, it is a significant contribution to the improvement of
industrial metallurgical technologies.
Ukrainian metallurgical science still has developments that allow to
significantly increase the technical level of metallurgical production at Ukrainian
enterprises and bring it to the level of the best world achievements [7]. And yet,
the main problem of effective public administration is the lack of a clearly
defined target setting. Today, the country's iron and steel industry, including as
a result of military operations in the Donbass, is in an extremely difficult
situation, which negatively affects the Ukrainian economy. And today the
Strategy of our actions for the preservation of ferrous metallurgy and the country
as a whole is extremely needed.
1. Yuuzov O.V., Sedykh A.M.. Trends in the development of the world steel
market. // Bulletin of scientific, technical and economic information. Ferrous
metallurgy. -2015. - Vol. 9. - P.3-14.
2. Grishchenko S.G., Vlasyuk V.S. The state of world metallurgy in the new
realities of the economic crisis (based on the materials of the 67th session of
the Steel Committee of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development, Paris, December 10-11, 2009). // Metallurgical and mining
industry. - 2010. - №1. - C.4-5.
3. Yuuzov O. V., Sedykh A.M.. Trends in the development of the world steel
market. // Bulletin of scientific, technical and economic information. Ferrous
metallurgy. -2013. - Vol. 11. - С..3-16.
9
4. Bolshakov V.I., Tuboltsev L.G., Grinev A.F. Scientific and technical support
of the development of the Ukrainian ferrous metallurgy // Metallurgical and
mining industry. - 2012. - No. 6. - P. 1-6.
5. State program of development and restructuring of MMC until 2011
(approved Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 967 of July
28, 2004).
6. Bolshakov VI, Tuboltsev LG Чорна металургія і національна безпека
України. // News of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. - 2014.
- Vip.9. - P.48-58.
7. Ukrainian metallurgy: modern challenges and development prospects.
Monograph. / A.I.Amosh, V.I.Bol'shakov, Y.S.Zaloznova, etc. - Donetsk,
Institute of the Economy of Industry of the National Academy of Sciences
of Ukraine, 2013. - 113 s.
The article was received by the editorial board on May 26, 2017
А.И.Бабаченко, Л.Г.Тубольцев
Институт черной металлургии НАН Украины. Научно-
техническое сопровождение черной металлургии
Показано состояние черной металлургии как базовой отрасли
экономики Украины. Приведены основные научные разработки Института
по научно-техническому сопровождению и модернизации доменного,
сталеплавильного и прокатного производства.
Ключевые слова: металлургия, модернизация, Институт черной
металлургии, научные разработки
А.І.Бабаченко, Л.Г.Тубольцев
Інститут чорної металургії НАН України. Науково-технічний
супровід чорної металургії
Показано стан чорної металургії як базової галузі економіки України.
Наведено основні наукові розробки Інституту з науково-технічного
супроводу та модернізації доменного, сталеплавильного і прокатного
виробництв.
Ключові слова: металургія, модернізація, Інститут чорної
металургії, наукові розробки
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/NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit. De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 5.0 en hoger.)
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/ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing. Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 5.0 and later.)
>>
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(Common)
(1.0)
]
/OtherNamespaces [
<<
/AsReaderSpreads false
/CropImagesToFrames true
/ErrorControl /WarnAndContinue
/FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false
/IncludeGuidesGrids false
/IncludeNonPrinting false
/IncludeSlug false
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(InDesign)
(4.0)
]
/OmitPlacedBitmaps false
/OmitPlacedEPS false
/OmitPlacedPDF false
/SimulateOverprint /Legacy
>>
<<
/AddBleedMarks false
/AddColorBars false
/AddCropMarks false
/AddPageInfo false
/AddRegMarks false
/ConvertColors /ConvertToCMYK
/DestinationProfileName ()
/DestinationProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
/Downsample16BitImages true
/FlattenerPreset <<
/PresetSelector /MediumResolution
>>
/FormElements false
/GenerateStructure false
/IncludeBookmarks false
/IncludeHyperlinks false
/IncludeInteractive false
/IncludeLayers false
/IncludeProfiles false
/MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(CreativeSuite)
(2.0)
]
/PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
/PreserveEditing true
/UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged
/UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile
/UseDocumentBleed false
>>
]
>> setdistillerparams
<<
/HWResolution [2400 2400]
/PageSize [612.000 792.000]
>> setpagedevice
|