Synthesis and Magnetic Characteristics of N–Co Nanocomposites
The single-domain nanoparticles of NiCo, NiCo on the surface of graphene (NiCo@GNP) and NiCo on the surface of silica dioxide (NiCo@SiO₂) are synthesized. Their crystalline structure, surface morphology and magnetic characteristics of nanoparticle are investigated. It is shown that the magnetization...
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Інститут металофізики ім. Г.В. Курдюмова НАН України
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| Cite this: | Synthesis and Magnetic Characteristics of N–Co Nanocomposites / O.M. Lisova, M.V. Abramov, S.M. Makhno, P.P. Gorbyk // Металлофизика и новейшие технологии. — 2018. — Т. 40, № 5. — С. 625-635. — Бібліогр.: 33 назв. — англ. |
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| author | Lisova, O.M. Abramov, M.V. Makhno, S.M. Gorbyk, P.P. |
| author_facet | Lisova, O.M. Abramov, M.V. Makhno, S.M. Gorbyk, P.P. |
| citation_txt | Synthesis and Magnetic Characteristics of N–Co Nanocomposites / O.M. Lisova, M.V. Abramov, S.M. Makhno, P.P. Gorbyk // Металлофизика и новейшие технологии. — 2018. — Т. 40, № 5. — С. 625-635. — Бібліогр.: 33 назв. — англ. |
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| description | The single-domain nanoparticles of NiCo, NiCo on the surface of graphene (NiCo@GNP) and NiCo on the surface of silica dioxide (NiCo@SiO₂) are synthesized. Their crystalline structure, surface morphology and magnetic characteristics of nanoparticle are investigated. It is shown that the magnetization curve of the nanoparticles ensembles in the form, which is distinctive for superparamagnets, and its calculations within the framework of the Langevin’s paramagnetism theory are satisfactorily consistent with the experimental results. The laws of particle size distribution in ensembles are established using the method of magnetic granulometry.
Синтезированы однодоменные наночастицы NiCo, NiCo на поверхности графена (NiCo@GNP) и NiCo на поверхности диоксида кремния (NiCo@SiO₂). Исследованы кристаллическая структура, морфология поверхности и магнитные свойства нанокомпозитов. Показано, что кривая намагниченности ансамблей наночастиц имеет форму, характерную для суперпарамагнетиков; её расчёты в рамках теории парамагнетизма удовлетворительно согласуются с экспериментальными результатами. Методом магнитной гранулометрии установлены законы распределения частиц по размерам в ансамблях.
Синтезовано однодоменні наночастинки NiCo, NiCo на графеновій поверхні (NiCo@ГНП) та NiCo на поверхні діоксиду силіцію (NiCo@SiO₂). Досліджено їхні кристалічну структуру, морфологію поверхні та магнетні характеристики ансамблів наночастинок. Показано, що крива магнетованости ансамблів наночастинок має форму, характерну для суперпарамагнетиків, а її розрахунки в рамках Ланжевенової теорії парамагнетизму задовільно узгоджуються з експериментальними результатами. Методою магнетної ґранулометрії встановлено закони розподілу частинок за розмірами в ансамблях.
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625
PACS numbers: 61.05.cp, 62.23.Pq, 68.37.Lp, 68.65.Pq, 75.60.Ej, 75.75.Cd, 81.05.ue
Synthesis and Magnetic Characteristics of N–Co Nanocomposites
O. M. Lisova, M. V. Abramov, S. M. Makhno, and P. P. Gorbyk
O. O. Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, N.A.S. of Ukraine,
17 General Naumov Str.,
UA-03164 Kyiv, Ukraine
The single-domain nanoparticles of NiCo, NiCo on the surface of graphene
(NiCo@GNP) and NiCo on the surface of silica dioxide (NiCo@SiO2) are syn-
thesized. Their crystalline structure, surface morphology and magnetic
characteristics of nanoparticle are investigated. It is shown that the magnet-
ization curve of the nanoparticles ensembles in the form, which is distinctive
for superparamagnets, and its calculations within the framework of the
Langevin’s paramagnetism theory are satisfactorily consistent with the ex-
perimental results. The laws of particle size distribution in ensembles are es-
tablished using the method of magnetic granulometry.
Key words: nanocomposites, nanoparticles, graphene, magnetic properties,
superparamagnets.
Синтезовано однодоменні наночастинки NiCo, NiCo на графеновій поверхні
(NiCo@ГНП) та NiCo на поверхні діоксиду силіцію (NiCo@SiO2). Дослідже-
но їхні кристалічну структуру, морфологію поверхні та магнетні характе-
ристики ансамблів наночастинок. Показано, що крива магнетованости
ансамблів наночастинок має форму, характерну для суперпарамагнети-
ків, а її розрахунки в рамках Ланжевенової теорії парамагнетизму задо-
вільно узгоджуються з експериментальними результатами. Методою ма-
гнетної ґранулометрії встановлено закони розподілу частинок за розмі-
рами в ансамблях.
Ключові слова: нанокомпозити, наночастинки, графен, магнетні власти-
вості, суперпарамагнетики.
Corresponding author: Oksana Miroslavivna Lisova
E-mail: oksana.garkusha@gmail.com
Citation: O. M. Lisova, M. V. Abramov, S. M. Makhno, and P. P. Gorbyk, Synthesis and
Magnetic Characteristics of N–Co Nanocomposites, Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol., 40,
No. 5: 625–635 (2018), DOI: 10.15407/mfint.40.05.0625.
Ìåòàëëîôèç. íîâåéøèå òåõíîë. / Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol.
2018, т. 40, № 5, сс. 625–635 / DOI: 10.15407/mfint.40.05.0625
Îòòèñêè äîñòóïíû íåïîñðåäñòâåííî îò èçäàòåëÿ
Ôîòîêîïèðîâàíèå ðàçðåøåíî òîëüêî
â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ëèöåíçèåé
2018 ÈÌÔ (Èíñòèòóò ìåòàëëîôèçèêè
èì. Ã. Â. Êóðäþìîâà ÍÀÍ Óêðàèíû)
Íàïå÷àòàíî â Óêðàèíå.
https://doi.org/10.15407/mfint.40.05.0625
https://doi.org/10.15407/mfint.40.05.0625
626 O. M. LISOVA, M. V. ABRAMOV, S. M. MAKHNO, and P. P. GORBYK
Синтезированы однодоменные наночастицы NiCo, NiCo на поверхности
графена (NiCo@GNP) и NiCo на поверхности диоксида кремния
(NiCo@SiO2). Исследованы кристаллическая структура, морфология по-
верхности и магнитные свойства нанокомпозитов. Показано, что кривая
намагниченности ансамблей наночастиц имеет форму, характерную для
суперпарамагнетиков; её расчёты в рамках теории парамагнетизма удо-
влетворительно согласуются с экспериментальными результатами. Мето-
дом магнитной гранулометрии установлены законы распределения ча-
стиц по размерам в ансамблях.
Ключевые слова: нанокомпозиты, наночастицы, графен, магнитные
свойства, суперпарамагнетики.
(Received March 1, 2018)
1. INTRODUCTION
Bimetallic nanocomposites (BNCs) containing nanoparticles (NP) of
organic and inorganic materials have been attracting considerable at-
tention of specialists in recent years [1, 2] due to a large number of
possible applications [3, 4]. Prominent areas for the using of such
structures are catalysis and electrocatalysis [5, 6]; in electronics,
BNCs are used as electrode materials for solar and fuel cells [7, 8], elec-
tric and biosensors [9, 10], as corrosion-resistant materials and much
more. The importance of searching for new methods of obtaining and
researching BNCs is due to their multifunctionality, the possibility of
a unique combination of the properties of many materials in one [4].
They acquire better catalytic, thermal, optical, electrical, and magnet-
ic properties as compared to monometallic and bimetallic particles
without a matrix. Consequently, the presence of a matrix not only
plays the role of a substrate, but also is a functionally active element
[11]. Composites are obtained on various inorganic (kaolin, zeolites
and zirconium) and organic (artificial and natural polymers, graphite
derivatives) matrices [1, 6, 12].
In recent years, various methods for obtaining bimetallic BNCs have
been developed, the synthesis of which is carried out by spraying
methods [13, 14], glow discharge [15], pulsed laser ablation [16], re-
versed micelles [17], thermal decomposition [18], chemical recovery
from a solution [19, 20]. Most often, bimetallic LFs are obtained by
simultaneous restoration of two metal ions in conditions of stabiliza-
tion of the chemical composition, size, and shape of particles. BNCs
have different forms; they exist in the form of alloys or contact ag-
glomerates, such as kernel–shell, etc.
Particular attention is paid to the magnetic properties of BNCs con-
taining ferromagnetic NPs on carbon-containing matrices, which are
investigated for creating water-purifying filters [21, 22], rechargeable
SYNTHESIS AND MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF N–Co NANOCOMPOSITES 627
batteries, various sensors [4], protective materials from corrosion and
deterioration [11] and electromagnetic waves [23] and others.
The purpose of the work is to study the structural and magnetic
properties of ferromagnetic nanoparticles NiCo, NiCo@GNP and Ni-
Co@SiO2 nanocomposites.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Graphene nanoplates (GNP) are obtained by electrochemical deposition
in an electrolyte (KOH) of a low concentration at a current passing to 60
mA/cm2. Electrodes were placed between polypropylene fabric filters
for the separation of large graphite particles from nanosized ones. GNPs
are stored in the form of a suspension with a mass concentration of gra-
phene 2% and pH 12. The NiCo particles were obtained by the method
of chemical precipitation from a solution of hydrazine hydrate of nickel
and cobalt carbonates [24] at a temperature of 350 K. The technique was
modified for the purpose of synthesis of NiCo@GNP composites, co-
precipitation of a solution of carbonates and a suspension of graphene
was prepared at a boiling point of hydrazine hydride at a mass ratio of
9:1 components. The presence of KOH in a suspension of graphene cre-
ated favourable conditions for the synthesis of metal particles. GNPs
play the role of crystallization centres as well as contribute to the stabi-
lization of the size and chemical composition of nanoparticles.
For the synthesis of NiCo@SiO2 composites, a SiO2 suspension had
been previously prepared by mixing tetraethoxysilane with ethyl alco-
hol and ammonium hydroxide in a ratio of 1:20:10. The slurry was
added to a Ni and Co carbonates solution in hydrazine hydrate.
X-ray diffraction analysis was performed by powder diffractometry
on a DRON-4-07 diffractometer while the emission of an anode line
CuK with a nickel filter in the reflected beam at the geometry of the
Breguet–Bretagne shooting. The morphology of the specimens was
studied using a JEOL JEM-1230 transmitted electronic microscope.
The hinges of the magnetic moment of the specimens were measured
using a laboratory vibration magnetometer at a room temperature. The
description of the installation and the method of measurement are de-
scribed in [25]. Specially prepared, demagnetized specimens were
measured. For comparison, a test sample of nickel was used. The meas-
urement error of the specific saturation magnetization ( s) relative to
the tested sample did not exceed 2.5%.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The electron-microscopy studies revealed the presence of nanometer-
size particles in all three understudied systems. It is shown that, on the
628 O. M. LISOVA, M. V. ABRAMOV, S. M. MAKHNO, and P. P. GORBYK
surface of the GNP, there are metal particles in the size range 20–
200 nm (Fig. 1, b); in more detailed images of graphene film, metal
particles of 20 nm can be observed. Large particles are probable to be
agglomerates consisting of small ones [24].
The results of the x-ray diffraction (Fig. 2) analysis indicated the
presence of phases of GNP, nickel, cobalt and the absence of reflexes of
the incoming carbonates. Thus, peaks of 22.4 and 31.3 can be related
to the presence of graphene structures in samples, and a low-intensity
band of 27.1 corresponds to a crystalline lattice of graphite. Particles
of nickel may correspond to peaks of 44.9 —octahedral (111), 52.2
and 91.8 —cubic syngony.
The cobalt crystalline lattice of a cubic syngony corresponds to peaks
of 52.2 (111), 61.2 (200), 91.8 (220), hexagonal—55.9 (101). Conse-
quently, the peaks of 52.2 and 91.8 may indicate the presence of bime-
Fig. 1. PEM images of the NiCo (a), NiCo@GPN (b), NiCo@SiO2 (c) NP.
Fig. 2. The diffraction pattern of the NiCo (1), NiCo@GNP (2) and NiCo@SiO2
(3) samples.
SYNTHESIS AND MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF N–Co NANOCOMPOSITES 629
tallic particles of NiCo with a cubic crystal lattice (200) [13]. The size of
crystallites, calculated by Scherrer’s equation, is 15–20 nm.
The parameters of the basal cell NiCo and NiCo@GNP and Ni-
Co@SiO2 bands obtained by statistical processing of the PEM images of
the corresponding samples are given in Table 1.
The size distribution of superparamagnetic particles can be deter-
mined by measuring the magnetization curve M(H), pronounced by the
Langevin function [26], we assume that all particles have a spherical
shape without interaction.
The normal distribution is determined by the Gauss equation:
2
2
( )
21
( , , ) ,
2
d
d
d M
d d
d
p d M e (1)
where Md and d are expected value and standard deviation of the NP
diameter, respectively.
The lognormal distribution of particles in diameters is determined
by the equation:
2
ln
2
ln
(ln )
2
ln ln
ln
1
(ln , , ) ,
2
d
d
d M
d d
d
p d M e
d
(2)
where Mlnd and lnd are expected value and standard deviation of the
logarithm of the NP diameter, respectively.
With the use of an experimental distribution in size, one can predict
the density of a normal or lognormal distribution. With a particle
amount more than 50, the probability density with the accuracy of the
experiment corresponds to the general population, which means a suf-
ficient statistical sampling. Figures 3–5, a show the experimental dis-
tribution of the diameters of the three NiCo, NiCo@GNP and Ni-
Co@SiO2 systems. NiCo@SiO2 and NiCo@GNP systems have a more
even distribution, albeit they are significantly different from the val-
TABLE 1. Statistical parameters of low-frequency NiCo and NiCo@GNP, Ni-
Co@SiO2 structures.
Pattern N <D>, nm D, nm <lnD> lnD
NiCo 62 9.96991 3.71358 2.24052 0.34173
NiCo@ГНП 63 23.33829 8.84181 3.08827 0.34629
NiCo@SiO2 64 8.67567 3.36113 2.08959 0.38353
N—the amount of particles, <D>—the average of the NP diameter, D—the standard
deviation of the NP diameter, <lnD>—the average of the logarithm of the NP diame-
ter, lnD—standard deviation of the logarithm of the NP diameter.
630 O. M. LISOVA, M. V. ABRAMOV, S. M. MAKHNO, and P. P. GORBYK
ues of the largest and smallest bore diameters.
Curves obtained in Fig. 3–5, b show that the NiCo particles are dis-
tributed by diameters closer to the normal distribution, the maximum
values of NiCo@GNP are closer to the lognormal, and NiCo@SiO2 in
accordance with the normal. An analysis of form of the distribution of
nanoparticles can serve as a means for testing hypotheses regarding
the nature of their growth in the process of chemical condensation
[30]. In most cases, formation of a low frequency is followed by two
processes: sequential and/or parallel growth. In the case of the random
nature of the interactions between the NP, with the parallel growth
(without interaction between the crystals), it is likely that the distri-
bution of the NP in size is normal (Gaussian), while in the sequential
manner, it is lognormal [31].
Fig. 3. a—the NP distribution by the diameters for the NiCo system; b—the
polygon of the relative frequencies of the NP diameters, and the probability
density calculated by the lognormal distribution 1 by Eq. (1) of the NP ensem-
ble of NiCo particles and by the normal distribution 2 by Eq. (2).
Fig. 4. a—the distribution by diameters, b—the polygon of relative frequen-
cies of diameters and density of probability calculated by Eq. (1) for the NP
ensemble of NiCo @ GNP (N 63): 1—lognormal, 2—normal distribution of
the NiCo bulk and NiCo nanoparticles in the NiCo@GNP nanocomposite.
SYNTHESIS AND MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF N–Co NANOCOMPOSITES 631
For the system of magnetosensitive SiO2/Fe3O4 nanocomposites, it
was shown [25, 32] that artificial nucleation can produce magnetic ma-
terial with an average crystallite size of 5–8 nm and a value of a specif-
ic surface area that is 2–3 times higher than the corresponding value
for magnetite obtained by the Elmor’s method.
Stabilization of magnetic NP on primary particles can increase the
stability of nanocomposite system particles. NiCo fixed on the surface
of SiO2 and GNP or incorporated into the space between these particles
have spatial barriers to aggregation among themselves, but remain ac-
cessible to other reagents of the existing system. It is important that
they can not only store their basic physical and chemical characteris-
tics, but also acquire new ones.
By the method of magnetic granulometry [27], which is based on the
comparison of the experimental and Langevin magnetization curves
with given laws of particle-size distribution and their magnetic pa-
rameters, in particular, the magnetization of saturation of the particle
material and the thickness of degaussed layer, according to the exper-
imental magnetization curve of the NSC, they were found to be in the
size distribution of the NP. For the analysis of magnetization curves,
the known equation [28, 29]
1 bulk
3 3 3
1 1
( )
( 2 ) ( 2 ) ,
6
NCP k k
s
i i i i iNCP
i i Bs
M HH
n D n D L D
k T
(3)
where
NCP(H),
NCP
s —the NP specific magnetization in the applied
field of intensity H and the specific magnetization of the NP satura-
tion, respectively,
bulk
sM —the magnetization of the saturation of the
massive nickel crystal; Di, ni—the mean diameter and the number of
NP in the i-th range of the variational row of diameters; k—number of
Fig. 5. a—the distribution by diameters, b—the polygon of relative frequen-
cies of diameters and density of probability calculated by Eq. (1) of the Ni-
Co@SiO2 NP ensemble (N 64). 1—lognormal, 2—normal distribution of the
NiCo bulk and NiCo@SiO2 nanocomposite.
632 O. M. LISOVA, M. V. ABRAMOV, S. M. MAKHNO, and P. P. GORBYK
intervals; —the thickness of the surface NP with nonlinear magnetic
moments; L( ) cth 1/ —Langevin function; kB—Boltzmann con-
stant; T—absolute temperature.
In Figure 6, it is evident that the magnetization of NiCo@GNP and
NiCo@SiO2 samples is similar in the application of magnetic field of 10
kOe. The magnetization of a NiCo sample is much higher in the mag-
netization of composite specimens, which, assuming the same low-
frequency size for the NiCo@SiO2 system, indicates the content of the
nonmagnetic component of the NP in the composite.
Saturation magnetization depends on the size of particles. The ratio
of saturation magnetization (Table 2) for the NiCo and NiCo@SiO2
samples (exactly these samples can be compared, since they have ap-
proximately the same particle sizes), s(NiCo@SiO2)/ s(NiCo), is about
24% (by mass) of magnetic nanoparticles in the NiCo@SiO2 composite.
For larger NiCo@GNP particles, a comparison with literature data
[33] shows that the mass fraction of magnetic particles is about 20%.
The residual magnetization of the NiCo@SiO2 sample (Fig. 6, b) is
twice as low as the NiCo nanoparticles output, and is twice as low as the
coercive force, so the NiCo@SiO2 particles are more easily magnetized
than the NiCo NP. The above-mentioned characteristics describe the
ensemble of particles, not each separately.
Fig. 6. Loops of hysteresis (a) of the NiCo (1), NiCo@GNP (2), NiCo@SiO2 (3)
samples; the central part of the hysteresis (b).
TABLE 2. Magnetic characteristics of the NiCo and BNC nanoparticles on
their basis.
Pattern Hc, Oe (10 kOe), Gs сm3/g s, Gs сm3/g
NiCo 178 ( 1%) 71.1 ( 2.5%) 73.2 ( 2.5%)
NiCo@ГНП 164 ( 1%) 13.8 ( 2.5%) 14.2 ( 2.5%)
NiCo@SiO2 91 ( 1%) 16.8 ( 2.5%) 17.3 ( 2.5%)
SYNTHESIS AND MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF N–Co NANOCOMPOSITES 633
In one-domain state, the prevailing mechanism of reversal is a pro-
cess of coherent rotation of magnetic moments, which is hindered by
crystallographic anisotropy and anisotropy of form of a particle. The
maximum coercive force of reversal of the ensemble of chaotically ori-
ented noninteracting particles with uniaxial anisotropy can be repre-
sented as two terms (neglecting the anisotropy of mechanical stresses):
0.64 0.479( ) ,
c K c N c s a R s
H H H K I N N I (4)
where KHc, NHc are maximum value of the reciprocal field caused by the
presence of crystallographic anisotropy and the component caused by
the anisotropy of form [32], respectively; K is the anisotropy constant.
In approximation of a spherical particle, Na NR, the second term of
Eq. (4), turns to zero. An analysis of the hysteresis loops of composites
taking into account Eq. (4) indicates the possibility of determining the
value of the constant of the crystallographic anisotropy of the NiCo
NP, which characterizes an ability of the material to remagnetization.
Is s, (5)
where is the density of the material, s is the specific magnetization
of saturation, from where K H s, K 1.8 105
erg/cm3. The con-
stants of anisotropy for Ni and Co are equal to 0.5 105
erg/cm3
and
45 105
erg/cm3
[33], respectively. Therefore, the calculated value is
within the specified limits.
4. CONCLUSIONS
The NiCo, NiCo on the surface of graphene (NiCo@GNP) and NiCo on
Fig. 7. 1—the hysteresis loop of the NiCo@GNP sample obtained experimental-
ly, 2—the theoretical curve obtained by Eq. (4) for the low NiCo@GNP (N 63)
with parameters MlnV 8.61774 and lnV 1.03888.
634 O. M. LISOVA, M. V. ABRAMOV, S. M. MAKHNO, and P. P. GORBYK
the surface of silica dioxide (NiCo@SiO2) nanoparticles were obtained
by chemical precipitation from a solution of hydrazine hydride. The
conducted PEM and x-ray studies showed the presence of phases of na-
nometer-size composites.
The crystallographic anisotropy constant for the NiCo nanoparticles
and the mass content of magnetic nanoparticles in the NiCo@SiO2 and
NiCo@GNP composites are equal to 24 and 20%, respectively.
The method of magnetic granulometry has established that the NiCo
and NiCo@SiO2 particles have a normal size distribution, and Ni-
Co@GNP is lognormal, which indicates a different mechanism of
growth. For NiCo and NiCo@SiO2, a parallel crystal growth is typical,
and for NiCo@GNP, successively due to the influence of surface of a
matrix. Study of the distribution of size of synthesized particles shows
that the nature of growth of crystals can be controlled changeably.
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-146077 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1024-1809 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:31:03Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Інститут металофізики ім. Г.В. Курдюмова НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Lisova, O.M. Abramov, M.V. Makhno, S.M. Gorbyk, P.P. 2019-02-06T19:15:37Z 2019-02-06T19:15:37Z 2018 Synthesis and Magnetic Characteristics of N–Co Nanocomposites / O.M. Lisova, M.V. Abramov, S.M. Makhno, P.P. Gorbyk // Металлофизика и новейшие технологии. — 2018. — Т. 40, № 5. — С. 625-635. — Бібліогр.: 33 назв. — англ. 1024-1809 PACS: 61.05.cp, 62.23.Pq, 68.37.Lp, 68.65.Pq, 75.60.Ej, 75.75.Cd, 81.05.ue DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/mfint.40.05.0625 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/146077 The single-domain nanoparticles of NiCo, NiCo on the surface of graphene (NiCo@GNP) and NiCo on the surface of silica dioxide (NiCo@SiO₂) are synthesized. Their crystalline structure, surface morphology and magnetic characteristics of nanoparticle are investigated. It is shown that the magnetization curve of the nanoparticles ensembles in the form, which is distinctive for superparamagnets, and its calculations within the framework of the Langevin’s paramagnetism theory are satisfactorily consistent with the experimental results. The laws of particle size distribution in ensembles are established using the method of magnetic granulometry. Синтезированы однодоменные наночастицы NiCo, NiCo на поверхности графена (NiCo@GNP) и NiCo на поверхности диоксида кремния (NiCo@SiO₂). Исследованы кристаллическая структура, морфология поверхности и магнитные свойства нанокомпозитов. Показано, что кривая намагниченности ансамблей наночастиц имеет форму, характерную для суперпарамагнетиков; её расчёты в рамках теории парамагнетизма удовлетворительно согласуются с экспериментальными результатами. Методом магнитной гранулометрии установлены законы распределения частиц по размерам в ансамблях. Синтезовано однодоменні наночастинки NiCo, NiCo на графеновій поверхні (NiCo@ГНП) та NiCo на поверхні діоксиду силіцію (NiCo@SiO₂). Досліджено їхні кристалічну структуру, морфологію поверхні та магнетні характеристики ансамблів наночастинок. Показано, що крива магнетованости ансамблів наночастинок має форму, характерну для суперпарамагнетиків, а її розрахунки в рамках Ланжевенової теорії парамагнетизму задовільно узгоджуються з експериментальними результатами. Методою магнетної ґранулометрії встановлено закони розподілу частинок за розмірами в ансамблях. en Інститут металофізики ім. Г.В. Курдюмова НАН України Металлофизика и новейшие технологии Строение и свойства наноразмерных и мезоскопических материалов Synthesis and Magnetic Characteristics of N–Co Nanocomposites Синтез и магнитные характеристики нанокомпозитов N–Co Синтеза та магнетні характеристики нанокомпозитів N–Co Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Synthesis and Magnetic Characteristics of N–Co Nanocomposites Lisova, O.M. Abramov, M.V. Makhno, S.M. Gorbyk, P.P. Строение и свойства наноразмерных и мезоскопических материалов |
| title | Synthesis and Magnetic Characteristics of N–Co Nanocomposites |
| title_alt | Синтез и магнитные характеристики нанокомпозитов N–Co Синтеза та магнетні характеристики нанокомпозитів N–Co |
| title_full | Synthesis and Magnetic Characteristics of N–Co Nanocomposites |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis and Magnetic Characteristics of N–Co Nanocomposites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis and Magnetic Characteristics of N–Co Nanocomposites |
| title_short | Synthesis and Magnetic Characteristics of N–Co Nanocomposites |
| title_sort | synthesis and magnetic characteristics of n–co nanocomposites |
| topic | Строение и свойства наноразмерных и мезоскопических материалов |
| topic_facet | Строение и свойства наноразмерных и мезоскопических материалов |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/146077 |
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