Beables/Observables in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Observables 'are observed' whereas beables just 'are'. This gives beables more scope in the cosmological and quantum domains. Both observables and beables are entities that form 'brackets' with 'the constraints' that are 'equal to' zero. We explain h...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications |
|---|---|
| Date: | 2014 |
| Main Author: | |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Інститут математики НАН України
2014
|
| Online Access: | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/146604 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Journal Title: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Cite this: | Beables/Observables in Classical and Quantum Gravity / E. Anderson // Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications. — 2014. — Т. 10. — Бібліогр.: 169 назв. — англ. |
Institution
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1862733303666180096 |
|---|---|
| author | Anderson, E. |
| author_facet | Anderson, E. |
| citation_txt | Beables/Observables in Classical and Quantum Gravity / E. Anderson // Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications. — 2014. — Т. 10. — Бібліогр.: 169 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications |
| description | Observables 'are observed' whereas beables just 'are'. This gives beables more scope in the cosmological and quantum domains. Both observables and beables are entities that form 'brackets' with 'the constraints' that are 'equal to' zero. We explain how depending on circumstances, these could be, e.g., Poisson, Dirac, commutator, histories, Schouten-Nijenhuis, double or Nambu brackets, first-class, gauge, linear or effective constraints, and strong, weak or weak-effective equalities. The Dirac-Bergmann distinction in notions of gauge leads to further notions of observables or beables, and is tied to a number of diffeomorphism-specific subtleties. Thus we cover a wide range of notions of observables or beables that occur in classical and quantum gravitational theories: Dirac, Kuchař, effective, Bergmann, histories, multisymplectic, master, Nambu and bi-. Indeed this review covers a representatively wide range of such theories: general relativity, loop quantum gravity, histories theory, supergravity and M-theory.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T19:37:03Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext | |
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-146604 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1815-0659 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T19:37:03Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Інститут математики НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Anderson, E. 2019-02-10T09:53:52Z 2019-02-10T09:53:52Z 2014 Beables/Observables in Classical and Quantum Gravity / E. Anderson // Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications. — 2014. — Т. 10. — Бібліогр.: 169 назв. — англ. 1815-0659 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 83C05; 83C45; 83D05; 70H45; 81S05 DOI:10.3842/SIGMA.2014.092 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/146604 Observables 'are observed' whereas beables just 'are'. This gives beables more scope in the cosmological and quantum domains. Both observables and beables are entities that form 'brackets' with 'the constraints' that are 'equal to' zero. We explain how depending on circumstances, these could be, e.g., Poisson, Dirac, commutator, histories, Schouten-Nijenhuis, double or Nambu brackets, first-class, gauge, linear or effective constraints, and strong, weak or weak-effective equalities. The Dirac-Bergmann distinction in notions of gauge leads to further notions of observables or beables, and is tied to a number of diffeomorphism-specific subtleties. Thus we cover a wide range of notions of observables or beables that occur in classical and quantum gravitational theories: Dirac, Kuchař, effective, Bergmann, histories, multisymplectic, master, Nambu and bi-. Indeed this review covers a representatively wide range of such theories: general relativity, loop quantum gravity, histories theory, supergravity and M-theory. E.A. thanks close people, Julian Barbour, Jeremy Butterfield, Harvey Brown, Sean Gryb,
 Jonathan Halliwell, Philipp H¨ohn, Chris Isham, Flavio Mercati, Brian Pitts, Josep Maria Pons,
 Oliver Pooley, Donald Salisbury, Dimitri Vey, Hans Westman, Michael Wright and the anonymous
 referees for discussions, Jeremy Butterfield, John Barrow, Marc Lachi´eze–Rey, Malcolm
 MacCallum, Don Page, Reza Tavakol, Juan Valiente-Kroon and Paulo Vargas-Moniz for help
 with my career, and DAMTP Cambridge, Perimeter Institute Waterloo and the University of
 New Brunswick Fredericton for hospitality at various points during the making of this review.
 This work started within my grant from the Foundational Questions Institute (FQXi) Fund,
 a donor-advised fund of the Silicon Valley Community Foundation on the basis of proposal
 FQXi-RFP3-1101 to the FQXi, administered via Theiss Research and the CNRS and held at
 APC Universit´e Paris Diderot. en Інститут математики НАН України Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications Beables/Observables in Classical and Quantum Gravity Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Beables/Observables in Classical and Quantum Gravity Anderson, E. |
| title | Beables/Observables in Classical and Quantum Gravity |
| title_full | Beables/Observables in Classical and Quantum Gravity |
| title_fullStr | Beables/Observables in Classical and Quantum Gravity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beables/Observables in Classical and Quantum Gravity |
| title_short | Beables/Observables in Classical and Quantum Gravity |
| title_sort | beables/observables in classical and quantum gravity |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/146604 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT andersone beablesobservablesinclassicalandquantumgravity |