Еnergy dependence of cross section of photonuclear reactions on indium isotopes
Experimental isomeric yield ratios for the ¹¹³Іn(γ,n)С¹¹²mgIn reactions on the betatron B25/30 bremsstrahlung gamma beam of energy range 12…25 МеV are measured. Effective cross-sections of (γ,n)-reactions with ¹¹²mIn and ¹¹⁴mIn isomers output are calculated. The Penfold-Leiss and Tikhonov methods...
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| Опубліковано в: : | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2018
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| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Цитувати: | Еnergy dependence of cross section of photonuclear reactions on indium isotopes / V.I. Zhaba, I.I. Haysak, A.M. Parlag, V.S. Bohinyuk, M.M. Lazorka // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2018. — № 3. — С. 155-158. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859468582379847680 |
|---|---|
| author | Zhaba, V.I. Haysak, I.I. Parlag, A.M. Bohinyuk, V.S. Lazorka, M.M. |
| author_facet | Zhaba, V.I. Haysak, I.I. Parlag, A.M. Bohinyuk, V.S. Lazorka, M.M. |
| citation_txt | Еnergy dependence of cross section of photonuclear reactions on indium isotopes / V.I. Zhaba, I.I. Haysak, A.M. Parlag, V.S. Bohinyuk, M.M. Lazorka // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2018. — № 3. — С. 155-158. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | Experimental isomeric yield ratios for the ¹¹³Іn(γ,n)С¹¹²mgIn reactions on the betatron B25/30 bremsstrahlung
gamma beam of energy range 12…25 МеV are measured. Effective cross-sections of (γ,n)-reactions with ¹¹²mIn and
¹¹⁴mIn isomers output are calculated. The Penfold-Leiss and Tikhonov methods are applied to solve the Volterra integral equation. The obtained experimental cross-sections are compared with theoretical calculations using the
TALYS-1.6 code
На гальмівному пучку бетатрона Б25/30 в області енергій 12…25 МеВ проведено вимірювання ізомерного відношення виходу реакції ¹¹³Іn(γ,n)¹¹²mgIn. За експериментальними значеннями енергетичних виходів
розраховано перерізи (γ,n)-реакції на ізотопах індію з утворенням ізомерів ¹¹²mIn і ¹¹⁴mIn. Для розрахунків
застосовано методи Пенфольда-Лейсса і Тіхонова. Отримані експериментальні дані порівнюються з теоретичними розрахунками в TALYS-1.6.
На тормозном пучке бетатрона Б25/30 в области энергий 12…25 МэВ проведено измерение изомерного
отношения выхода реакции ¹¹³Іn(γ,n)¹¹²mgIn. По экспериментальным значениям энергетических выходов рассчитаны сечения (γ,n)-реакции на изотопах индия с образованием изомеров ¹¹²mIn и ¹¹⁴mIn. Для расчетов
применены методы Пенфольда-Лейсса и Тихонова. Полученные экспериментальные данные сравниваются с
теоретическими расчетами в TALYS-1.6.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-11-24T06:31:07Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2018. №3(115) 155
ENERGY DEPENDENCE OF CROSS SECTION OF PHOTONUCLEAR
REACTIONS ON INDIUM ISOTOPES
V.I. Zhaba, I.I. Haysak, A.M. Parlag, V.S. Bohinyuk, M.M. Lazorka
Uzhgorod National University, Uzhgorod, Ukraine
Experimental isomeric yield ratios for the
113
Іn(γ,n)
112mg
In reactions on the betatron B25/30 bremsstrahlung
gamma beam of energy range 12…25 МеV are measured. Effective cross-sections of (γ,n)-reactions with
112m
In and
114m
In isomers output are calculated. The Penfold-Leiss and Tikhonov methods are applied to solve the Volterra in-
tegral equation. The obtained experimental cross-sections are compared with theoretical calculations using the
TALYS-1.6 code.
PACS: 23.35.+g, 25.20.-x, 25.85.-w, 25.85.Ec
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of the majority of physical researches
that are carried spent on brake beams electronic acceler-
ators, studying of power dependence of cross sections
of different photonuclear processes. As the spectrum
received from the accelerator γ-quantum’s has continu-
ous character, therefore in experiment not cross section
is measure of reaction, it is so-called output. The output
is intensity photonuclear to the process, the doze at-
tributed to unit γ-quantum’s that have passed through a
target with researched substance at various values of the
top border of a brake spectrum [1 - 3].
The yield of reaction is directly connected with ef-
fective cross section of reaction by integral equation of
the first kind:
max
max max( ) ( ) ( , )
m
E
E
Y E E E E dÅ
, (1)
where Еm and σ(Е) are the threshold and the cross sec-
tion of a reaction; Еγмах is the maximal energy of a
bremsstrahlung γ-spectrum; Φ(Е, Еγмах) is an energy E
of spectrum of γ-quanta (Shiff’s spectrum [4]).
The cross section of the reaction can be received from
experimental data about yield as a result of the solution of
an inverse problem (1). For the numerical solution of this
integral equation different mathematical methods were
developed. The most widespread methods are «a differ-
ence of photons», «the least structure» Cook’s method
[5], «an inverse matrix» (Penfold-Leiss method) [6],
«regularizations» (Tikhonov method) [7]. Penfold-Leiss
and Tikhonov methods have different forms of the effec-
tive photon spectrum the hardware function of the
method. Except the direct solution of the inverse prob-
lem there are other methods for determination of infor-
mation about the cross section, namely, a combination
of reaction outputs and a method of reduction.
The conditions of well-posed problem given by
Hadamar [8] should have the properties: 1) a solution
exists in space of possible values; 2) the solution should
be the unique; 3) the solution’s behavior changes con-
tinuously with the initial conditions.
This paper deals with the determination of the exper-
imental cross sections of (γ,n)-reaction on isotopes of
indium with the formation of isomers
112m
In and
114m
In.
1. CROSS SECTION OF REACTION
113
Іn(γ,n)
112m
In
With the bremsstrahlung gamma beam of the beta-
tron B25/30 (UzhNU, Uzhgorod) there was measured
isomeric ratios of the yields for the reaction
113
Іn(γ,n)
112mg
In. The energy of electron beam was
changed in the interval 12…25 MeV with a step of
1 MeV. Isomeric state of the nucleus
112m
Іn decays with
a half-life of 20.9 m, emitting γ-rays with energy
155 keV (the quantum yield is 13%). β
+
-decay of the
ground state (T1/2=14.4 m) is accompanied by the emis-
sion of γ-rays with energies 511, 606, and 618 keV,
with the quantum yields 44, 1.2, 5.3%, respectively.
Time of irradiation of targets and time for measurement
were 10…20 m, and time for cooling was 5…10 m.
Nuclear-physical parameters of the isomers
112m
In
and
114m
In are specified in Table 1, where Еm is a
threshold (γ,n)-reaction; Т1/2 is a half-life period; Еγ is
energy of γ-ray that radiates the isomer; Jm, and Jg are
the total angular momentum of the isomeric and the
ground state; "+" or "-" is the state parity.
Table 1
Nuclear-physical characteristics of investigated isomers
Isomer Еm,
MeV
Т1/2 Еγ,
кeV
P
mJ
P
gJ
112m
In 9.58 20.9 m 155 4
+
1
+
114m
In 9.03 43 ms 310 8
-
1
+
Experimental results for yields ratio of reaction
113
Іn(γ,n)
112mg
In are shown in Table 2.
Table 2
Isomeric ratios Ym/Yg of reaction
113
Іn(γ,n)
112mg
In
Е, МеV Ym/Yg Δ(Ym/Yg)
12 1.86 0.32
13 2.34 0.30
14 2.52 0.21
15 2.91 0.12
16 2.83 0.17
17 2.76 0.08
18 2.62 0.10
19 2.44 0.05
20 2.6 0.04
21 2.39 0.12
22 2.48 0.05
23 2.41 0.06
24 2.45 0.08
25 2.51 0.06
According to the obtained isomeric ratio of yields
Ym/Yg it is possible to calculate the cross sections of
isomeric state excitation in the reaction
113
Іn(γ,n)
112mg
In.
For this we need to use the known values of total cross
section of (γ,n)-reaction [9]. We used the connection
between the yields and the integral cross-sections σint:
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2018. №3(115) 156
113113
113 113
maxmax
max
max max
( )( )
( )
( ) ( )
mm
int
g g
int
InIn
In In
ÅY Å
K E
Y Å Å
, (2)
max max
int
max
( )( )
( )
( , )
пор
пор
p
p
E
m
E
E
E
Y E E E
E dE
E E dE
, (3)
where Em – energy of isomeric level.
It should be noted that for solving the integral equa-
tion (1) by Tikhonov’s method ones use Shiff’s spec-
trum Φ(Е, Еγмах) as a core of integral equation. In Fig. 1
the cross sections obtained by Penfold-Leiss (PL) and
Tikhonov’s (T) methods are shown. The difference be-
tween them is 4…5%.
Fig. 1. Energy dependence of cross section
of reaction
113
Іn(γ,n)
112m
In
It is possible to use package TALYS-1.6 [10, 11] for
the simulation of nuclear reaction
113
Іn(γ,n)
112m
In. When
calculating cross sections in TALYS-1.6 the density
level model was selected for a given nuclide (ldmodel
parameter). In the package there are three phenomeno-
logical level-density models and two variants for micro-
scopic level densities. In particular: ldmodel 1 is Fermi-
gas model with a constant temperature; ldmodel 2 is
Fermi-gas model with reverse shift; ldmodel 3 is gener-
alized superfluidity model; ldmodel 4 is microscopic
level densities from Goriely's table [10]; ldmodel 5 is
microscopic level densities from Hilaire's table [10].
Fig. 2. Energy dependence of cross section
of reaction
113
Іn(γ,n)
112m
In
On the consolidated Fig. 2 our experimental data of
cross section for reaction
113
Іn(γ,n)
112m
In (see Fig. 1)
and experimental data [12] are shown in comparison
with theoretical calculations in the package TALYS-1.6.
Table 3
The results of processing the peaks of cross section
for reaction
113
Іn(γ,n)
112m
In by Gauss function
Model χ
2
S
Еmax,
МеV
Г,
МеV
σmax,
mb
ldm-1 3.44 883.0 15.7 3.9 180.0
ldm-2 3.47 907.1 15.7 4.0 181.5
ldm-3 3.31 895.7 15.7 4.0 181.7
ldm-4 2.45 904.8 15.8 4.0 178.5
ldm-5 3.67 914.0 15.7 3.9 188.3
[12] 1.46 852.0 15.7 3.9 174.5
PL 0.71 741.0 15.9 3.6 161.8
T 1.69 744.5 15.9 3.6 166.8
The results of fitting of the calculated cross section
peaks for the reaction
113
Іn(γ,n)
112m
In in the package
TALYS-1.6 are shown in Table 3, where the following
designations are used: χ
2
per degree of freedom of func-
tion; S is the area under the peak in the MeVmb;
Г is the full width at half maximum; ldm-1 (5) are the
numbers of the density level model for the nuclide. As an
approximating function the Gauss function was chosen
2 22( )
0
/ 2
cx x wA
y y e
w
. (4)
Additionally it was fitting the same picks by the
Breit-Wigner function (Table 4):
0 2 2
2
4( )C
A w
y y
x x w
, (5)
obtained parameters of which are given in Table 5. Ana-
lyzing the data of Tables 3 and 4, it is seen that adjust-
ment of the peak by the Breit-Wigner formula (5) gives
better results than Gaussian by the formula (4).
Table 4
The results of processing the peaks of cross section
for reaction
113
Іn(γ,n)
112m
In by Breit-Wigner function
Model χ
2
S
Еmax,
МеV
Г,
МеV
σmax,
mb
ldm-1 2.45 1575 15.7 4.7 213.9
ldm-2 2.62 1627 15.7 4.8 216.2
ldm-3 2.94 1600 15.7 4.7 216.1
ldm-4 1.28 1632 15.8 4.9 213.2
ldm-5 3.60 1624 15.7 4.6 223.4
[12] 0.72 1749 15.7 5.1 219.5
PL 0.47 1243 15.8 4.2 190.1
T 0.85 1277 15.9 4.1 198.6
Consequently, the experimental results for the cross
section of the reaction
113
Іn(γ,n)
112m
In matches with the
calculated one in the package TALYS-1.6 in the region
of maximum.
For energies of 18…25 MeV there is some differ-
ence between the results of theory and experiment. It
can be explained by the fact that the TALYS-1.6 is not
included nappy processes, but reaction
113
Іn(γ,2n)
112
In
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2018. №3(115) 157
contributes to experimental results, which begins with
the threshold 16.3 MeV. Some calculation results of the
above reactions is given in [13].
Table 5
The parameters of Breit-Wigner formula from fitting
the peaks of cross section for reaction
113
Іn(γ,n)
112m
In
Parameter [12] PL T
y0 -20.65±7.2 15.81±9.0 11.44±7.3
A 1749±157 1243±168 1277±126
xC 15.7±0.1 15.8±0.1 15.9±0.1
w 5.1±0.4 4.2±0.5 4.1±0.3
2. CROSS SECTION FOR REACTION
115
Іn(γ,n)
114m
In
On the yields [14] in work [15] was calculated cross
section of the reaction
115
Іn(γ,n)
114m
In. Using the pack-
age TALYS-1.6 we calculated the cross section for re-
action
115
Іn(γ,n)
114m
In in the energy range of
10…25 MeV. The results obtained for five models of
the density levels of the nuclide (ldmodel 1-5) are
shown in Fig. 3. For ldmodel 1-3 values of cross section
in the max are close (42…45 mb), but differ from the
experimental ones to 1.17 times.
The result of processing of peaks of the cross section
energy dependence for the reaction
115
Іn(γ,n)
114m
In is
given in Table 6. Fitting the peak by Gaussian gives
better results than the fitting by Breit-Wigner formula.
Fig. 3. Energy dependence of cross section
of reaction
115
Іn(γ,n)
114m
In
Table 6
The results of processing the peaks of cross section
for reaction
115
Іn(γ,n)
114m
In
Model χ
2
S
Еmax,
МеV
Г,
МеV
σmax,
mb
ldm-1 2.60 203.9 15.6 3.8 42.3
ldm-2 2.74 223.0 15.7 3.9 45.4
ldm-3 2.88 216.2 15.7 3.9 44.2
ldm-4 2.64 240.9 15.8 4.0 48.1
ldm-5 3.46 255.4 15.7 3.9 52.5
[15] 2.37 232.7 15.7 5.1 36.4
CONCLUSIONS
The paper presents the results of experimental stud-
ies of the isomeric relations of the yields for the reaction
113
Іn(γ,n)
112m,g
In, which recreated the energy depend-
ence of the cross section for the reaction
113
Іn(γ,n)
112m
In.
Energy behavior of the cross section for reaction has a
characteristic shape of the giant dipole resonance in the
area of 15.8 МеV.
Experimental data cross section (γ,n)-reaction on in-
dium isotopes with the formation of isomers
112m
In and
114m
In are compared with theoretical calculations in the
package TALYS-1.6. The analysis shows that both ex-
perimental and theoretical calculations of the energy
dependence of the cross sections are described better by
the Breit-Wigner function.
The obtained experimental results of the cross sec-
tion for the reaction
113
Іn(γ,n)
112m
In can fill the nuclear
data bases of isomeric states which are used as constants
in nuclear applications, for example, for γ-activation
analysis.
This work was performed within the framework of
the grant of the Ministry of education and science of
Ukraine on the topic of the research work of the state
registration number 0115U001098.
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Article received 26.02.2018
ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ЗАВИСИМОСТЬ СЕЧЕНИЙ ФОТОЯДЕРНЫХ РЕАКЦИЙ
НА ИЗОТОПАХ ИНДИЯ
В.И. Жаба, И.И. Гайсак, A.М. Парлаг, В.С. Бохинюк, М.М. Лазорка
На тормозном пучке бетатрона Б25/30 в области энергий 12…25 МэВ проведено измерение изомерного
отношения выхода реакции
113
Іn(γ,n)
112mg
In. По экспериментальным значениям энергетических выходов рас-
считаны сечения (γ,n)-реакции на изотопах индия с образованием изомеров
112m
In и
114m
In. Для расчетов
применены методы Пенфольда-Лейсса и Тихонова. Полученные экспериментальные данные сравниваются с
теоретическими расчетами в TALYS-1.6.
ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНА ЗАЛЕЖНІСТЬ ПЕРЕРІЗІВ ФОТОЯДЕРНИХ РЕАКЦІЙ НА ІЗОТОПАХ ІНДІЮ
В.І. Жаба, І.І. Гайсак, О.М. Парлаг, В.С. Бохінюк, М.М. Лазорка
На гальмівному пучку бетатрона Б25/30 в області енергій 12…25 МеВ проведено вимірювання ізомерно-
го відношення виходу реакції
113
Іn(γ,n)
112mg
In. За експериментальними значеннями енергетичних виходів
розраховано перерізи (γ,n)-реакції на ізотопах індію з утворенням ізомерів
112m
In і
114m
In. Для розрахунків
застосовано методи Пенфольда-Лейсса і Тіхонова. Отримані експериментальні дані порівнюються з теоре-
тичними розрахунками в TALYS-1.6.
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-147308 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-24T06:31:07Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Zhaba, V.I. Haysak, I.I. Parlag, A.M. Bohinyuk, V.S. Lazorka, M.M. 2019-02-14T12:01:43Z 2019-02-14T12:01:43Z 2018 Еnergy dependence of cross section of photonuclear reactions on indium isotopes / V.I. Zhaba, I.I. Haysak, A.M. Parlag, V.S. Bohinyuk, M.M. Lazorka // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2018. — № 3. — С. 155-158. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 23.35.+g, 25.20.-x, 25.85.-w, 25.85.Ec https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/147308 Experimental isomeric yield ratios for the ¹¹³Іn(γ,n)С¹¹²mgIn reactions on the betatron B25/30 bremsstrahlung gamma beam of energy range 12…25 МеV are measured. Effective cross-sections of (γ,n)-reactions with ¹¹²mIn and ¹¹⁴mIn isomers output are calculated. The Penfold-Leiss and Tikhonov methods are applied to solve the Volterra integral equation. The obtained experimental cross-sections are compared with theoretical calculations using the TALYS-1.6 code На гальмівному пучку бетатрона Б25/30 в області енергій 12…25 МеВ проведено вимірювання ізомерного відношення виходу реакції ¹¹³Іn(γ,n)¹¹²mgIn. За експериментальними значеннями енергетичних виходів розраховано перерізи (γ,n)-реакції на ізотопах індію з утворенням ізомерів ¹¹²mIn і ¹¹⁴mIn. Для розрахунків застосовано методи Пенфольда-Лейсса і Тіхонова. Отримані експериментальні дані порівнюються з теоретичними розрахунками в TALYS-1.6. На тормозном пучке бетатрона Б25/30 в области энергий 12…25 МэВ проведено измерение изомерного отношения выхода реакции ¹¹³Іn(γ,n)¹¹²mgIn. По экспериментальным значениям энергетических выходов рассчитаны сечения (γ,n)-реакции на изотопах индия с образованием изомеров ¹¹²mIn и ¹¹⁴mIn. Для расчетов применены методы Пенфольда-Лейсса и Тихонова. Полученные экспериментальные данные сравниваются с теоретическими расчетами в TALYS-1.6. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Применение ядерных методов Еnergy dependence of cross section of photonuclear reactions on indium isotopes Енергетична залежність перерізів фотоядерних реакцій на ізотопах індію Энергетическая зависимость сечений фотоядерных реакций на изотопах индия Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Еnergy dependence of cross section of photonuclear reactions on indium isotopes Zhaba, V.I. Haysak, I.I. Parlag, A.M. Bohinyuk, V.S. Lazorka, M.M. Применение ядерных методов |
| title | Еnergy dependence of cross section of photonuclear reactions on indium isotopes |
| title_alt | Енергетична залежність перерізів фотоядерних реакцій на ізотопах індію Энергетическая зависимость сечений фотоядерных реакций на изотопах индия |
| title_full | Еnergy dependence of cross section of photonuclear reactions on indium isotopes |
| title_fullStr | Еnergy dependence of cross section of photonuclear reactions on indium isotopes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Еnergy dependence of cross section of photonuclear reactions on indium isotopes |
| title_short | Еnergy dependence of cross section of photonuclear reactions on indium isotopes |
| title_sort | еnergy dependence of cross section of photonuclear reactions on indium isotopes |
| topic | Применение ядерных методов |
| topic_facet | Применение ядерных методов |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/147308 |
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