Тhe possibility of acceleration of ions by a electron beam which generated by a magnetron gun when transition to plasma mode
When the magnetron gun is switched to high-current plasma mode, a singularity of the current pulse on the collector
 is observed. This singularity is that the current is opposite to the voltage. An acceleration of ions by the electron beam is
 known. Therefore, the assumption is made...
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| Опубліковано в: : | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| Дата: | 2018 |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2018
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| Цитувати: | Тhe possibility of acceleration of ions by a electron beam which generated by a magnetron gun when transition to plasma mode / S.A. Cherenshchykov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2018. — № 4. — С. 17-20. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860246118426738688 |
|---|---|
| author | Cherenshchykov, S.A. |
| author_facet | Cherenshchykov, S.A. |
| citation_txt | Тhe possibility of acceleration of ions by a electron beam which generated by a magnetron gun when transition to plasma mode / S.A. Cherenshchykov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2018. — № 4. — С. 17-20. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | When the magnetron gun is switched to high-current plasma mode, a singularity of the current pulse on the collector
is observed. This singularity is that the current is opposite to the voltage. An acceleration of ions by the electron beam is
known. Therefore, the assumption is made that the detected singularity corresponds to the accelerated ions.
При переході магнетронної гармати до потужнострумового плазмового режиму виявлена особливість імпульсу струму на колекторі. Ця особливість полягає в тому, що струм є протилежним напрузі. Відомо прискорення іонів у напрямку електронного пучка. Тому зроблено припущення, що виявлена особливість відповідає прискореним іонам.
При переході магнетронної гармати до потужнострумового плазмового режиму виявлена особливість імпульсу струму на колекторі. Ця особливість полягає в тому, що струм є протилежним напрузі. Відомо прискорення іонів у напрямку електронного пучка. Тому зроблено припущення, що виявлена особливість відповідає прискореним іонам.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:36:37Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2018. №4(116) 17
THE POSSIBILITY OF ACCELERATION OF IONS BY A ELECTRON
BEAM WHICH GENERATED BY A MAGNETRON GUN WHEN
TRANSITION TO PLASMA MODE
S.A. Cherenshchykov
National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Kharkov, Ukraine
E-mail: cherench@kipt.kharkov.ua
When the magnetron gun is switched to high-current plasma mode, a singularity of the current pulse on the collector
is observed. This singularity is that the current is opposite to the voltage. An acceleration of ions by the electron beam is
known. Therefore, the assumption is made that the detected singularity corresponds to the accelerated ions.
PACS: 29.17.+w; 52.35.−g.
INTRODUCTION
Among the collective methods of ion acceleration,
of particular interest is the acceleration by direct elec-
tron beams in the plasma. This interest is related to the
simplicity of realization on the one hand, and on the
other hand, to the lack of a satisfactory theory of the
phenomenon. The latter give possibilities for optimiza-
tion of the acceleration process by experiment include
computer experiment.
Anomalously fast ions were recorded episodically in
plasma systems in the presence of electron beams since
the 1930s [1]. For the first time a systematic study of the
acceleration of ions in electrical discharges and the for-
mation of high-current electron beams from plasma was
undertaken by Plyutto and co-workers [2 - 5]. Accord-
ing to the data of this group, the maximum ion energies
can exceed 10…100 times the average electron energy
and reach 4…5 MeV for protons and 10…20 MeV for
carbon ions at electron energy of 200…300 keV [3, 4].
Acceleration of light ions is observed with short-time
(~ 10-7s) voltage pulses across the gap [4]. Such results
are already of practical interest, since the energies
achieved are sufficient for many nuclear reactions to
occur.
A little later, accelerated ions were also detected
when relativistic electrons were injected into a neutral
gas [5].
A longitudinal magnetic field sometimes suppresses
the acceleration process somewhat, but the possibility of
accelerating ions in a longitudinal magnetic field is pre-
served [6].
Like many initial experiments in this field, the ex-
periments described below did not detected accelerated
ions, but some of their features indicate that effective
ion acceleration could take place.
1. DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIMENTS
During the experiments, the "Rassvet" facility was
used to test the magnetron gun in the secondary emis-
sion mode [6]. The facility was subjected to additional
changes associated with obtaining high currents. The
facility scheme is shown in Fig. 1.
In carrying out the experiments, the desired residual
gas pressure was established by controlling the evacua-
tion by the valve. The pressure was monitored by a vac-
uum gauge. For simplicity, these elements are not
shown in the scheme. Then, the storage capacitor 11
was charged from the source 10 to the corresponding
voltage. The voltage was controlled by the kilovoltmeter
8. The current was started by turning on the magnetic
field in the coils of magnetic field 4. The results were
recorded on an oscilloscope 13 and a digital camera 16.
The operating pressure range was limited from above by
ignition of discharge without magnetic field. From the
bottom, it was limited by the absence of excitation of
the discharge with the magnetic field turned on.
Fig. 1. The experimental facility: 1 − tube vacuum
chamber (ceramic insulator); 2 − signal resistor of col-
lector current; 3 – collector; 4 − coils of pulse magnetic
field; 5 − tube anode (stainless steel) l=50 cm;
6 − cathode; 7 – cathode holder; 8 − high-voltage
voltmeter; 9 − charging resistor; 10 − high-voltage
source; 11 − storage capacitor; 12 − capacitor-resistor
divider; 13 − digital oscilloscope; 14 − signal resistor
of anode current; 15 − anode loading resistor;
16 − digital photographic camera; 17 − optical win-
dows for observation; 18 − tube for vacuum pumping
2. RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENTS
The oscillograms of the current to the collector and
the voltages on the gun are shown in Figs. 2, 3. Both
oscillograms indicate a rapid increase in current after
the appearance of a relatively small seed current. The
difference in the experimental conditions for the oscil-
lograms in Fig. 2 is the inclusion of a current-limiting
resistor in the cathode circuit [7]. This causes an im-
portant difference in the results. In the first case, the
current to the collector does not change the direction.
However, in Fig. 3, the current flows in the direction
opposite to the applied voltage (marked by the arrow).
The current is accompanied by an oscillation of its
magnitude. The results of two consecutive launches of
current pulses are indicated: a, b. Startups are carried
out under the same initial conditions. The time between
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2018. №4(116) 18
starts is 2 minutes. The difference is change in the divi-
sion scale for the voltage. Comparison of the oscillo-
grams a and b illustrates the excellent pulse repeatabil-
ity. The good repeatability was observed with other
pulse parameters.
Fig. 2. The oscillograms of the collector current 1(top)
2A/div; and voltage 2 (bottom) 10 kV/div.
There is the limiting resistor of 2 kΩ
in the cathode circuit. Time scale is 1ms/div.
The first 0.2 ms after the appearance of the current
the generation of the beam
is in the secondary emission mode
a
b
Fig. 3. The gun was tested without a current limiting
resistor. Collector current (top), 100 A / div;
and voltage (bottom) a) − 5 kV/div, b) − 2kV/div.
Time scale is 2.5 μs/div. The starting voltage is 9.4 kV,
the storage capacitor is 0.2 μF, the residual gas
pressure (air) is 0.12 Pa. The impulse of the current
opposite to the voltage is indicated by an arrow
Fig. 4. The gun was tested without a current limiting
resistor. Collector current (top), 100 A/div; and voltage
(bottom) 2 kV/div. Anode current is in the middle.
Time scale is 2.5 μs/div. The impulse of the current
opposite to the voltage is indicated by an arrow
Fig. 5. A trace of the incident electron beam
in the collector as glow under its influence.
Diameter of window aperture 40 mm Diameter
of brightly shining area is about 20 mm
On Fig. 4 is shown the high-current mode in which a
positive current pulse is almost none accompanied by
oscillations and has a somewhat higher value. It also
the current pulse at the anode of the magnetron gun is
shown. It can be seen that an appreciable current to the
anode begins somewhat earlier than the appearance of a
positive pulse at the collector. A positive pulse on the
collector is accompanied by intense oscillations of the
anode current.
Fig. 5 shows the glow of the collector under the ac-
tion of an incident electron beam. The diameter of the
brightly glowing region is about 20 mm.
3. DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS
The process of ion acceleration in an electron beam
according to the theory and most experiments is consid-
ered as it have threshold on the beam current [8]. There-
fore, it can be assumed that the beam current (2.5 A) in
the case of Fig. 2 was insufficient to capture and accel-
erate the ions. In the following case (Fig. 3), the current
before the positive ejection reached 30 A, which was
sufficient to capture the ions and their appearance at the
collector. The appreciable oscillations required in this
version of the theory for its realization [8] serve as an
indirect confirmation of the possibility of ion accelera-
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2018. №4(116) 19
tion. Acceleration is usually associated with rapid
changes in significant currents with high current density
[3], which is also characteristic of the experiments per-
formed. In another series of experiments, a positive
ejection was observed on the collector without signifi-
cant oscillations of the collector current. This case is
reflected in Fig. 4. However, in this case the oscillations
are observed at the anode current simultaneously with
the appearance of a positive pulse on the collector.
In all known cases of ion acceleration by electron
beams, for example, described in articles [1 - 6], ion
acceleration is associated with explosive emission and
its unstable behavior [9]. The excellent repeatability of
the current excitation process indicates that the accelera-
tion process is probably not related to the appearance of
cathode spots. The possibility of a high-current emission
regime in a magnetic field without the formation of
cathode spots has been studied in detail in [10]. Such a
regime, where the explosive emission is suppressed, can
provide an improvement in the repeatability of the ac-
celeration process. Repeatability is important both in
itself and as a condition facilitating the optimization of
the process in order to ensure the competitiveness of
this method of acceleration in practice. In addition, re-
peatability will help overcome one of the main disad-
vantages of ion acceleration by electron beams, the
broad energy spectrum of accelerated ions.
4. DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Control of the excitation of the current by a magnet-
ic field was used in the experiments in order to simplify
their implementation. To accelerate ions, the best option
is to excite the current by applying a voltage pulse. In
this case, it is possible to substantially increase the pulse
frequency. Thus, the average current of the accelerated
ions will be increased. Naturally, it is possible to direct-
ly control the magnitude of the magnetic field at the
moment of excitation of a strong current. This approach
automatically makes it possible to increase the initial
concentration of the filling gas. By starting the magne-
tron gun in the secondary emission mode [11] at the
voltage pulse slope [12], it is possible to lower the ini-
tial pressure down to a high vacuum. The voltage on the
gun in the secondary emission mode can be increased
up to relativistic value [13]. In this case, the beam cur-
rent increases, and in prospects the energy and current
of the accelerated ions. Finally, there are indications that
in the high-current regime there is emission, which
keeps the cathode from erosion [10]. In this case, the
plasma is protected from contamination by the cathode
material. One of the possible mechanisms of such emis-
sion with a high current density can again be a second-
ary electron-electron emission [14]. By using special
systems of filing, it is possible to achieve the desired
distribution of the gas concentration along the propaga-
tion path of the electron beam. The use of a special
magnetic system [15] makes it possible to obtain a beam
of smaller diameter with a zero generalized angular
momentum. An electron beam from such a gun can
propagate in plasma without a magnetic field as well as
from a gun without of a magnetic field. All this provides
ample opportunities for searching and optimizing the
process of ion acceleration, which previously did not
exist.
CONCLUSIONS
Indirect proof for the existence of collective ion ac-
celeration by a high-current electron beam generated by
a magnetron gun is obtained. However, for establish of
the existence of such a process, direct experiments on
the registration of accelerated ions are necessary. The
main advantage can be the repeatability of experimental
results, which opens the way to an adequate theoretical
interpretation. Successful theory opens the way to opti-
mizing the simplest collective method of accelerating
and expanding its use. In addition, the advantages of
this approach may be a smaller spectra width of ion en-
ergy, simplicity of implementation, and a longer life-
time of the device.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
In carrying out the experiments, V.D. Kotsubanov
and I.K. Nikolsky had participated. The test facility was
prepared within the framework of the STCU project
№ 1968 with the financial support of the USA and Can-
ada. Measurements were carried oscilloscope Tektronix
TDS1002B (see Fig. 2) and TDS2024B (see Figs. 3, 4).
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http://base.ukrpatent.org/searchINV/search.php?acti
on=viewdetails&IdClaim=172762&chapter=biblio
Article received 01.06.2018
ВОЗМОЖНОСТЬ УСКОРЕНИЯ ИОНОВ ПУЧКОМ ЭЛЕКТРОНОВ, СОЗДАВАЕМЫМ
МАГНЕТРОННОЙ ПУШКОЙ ПРИ ПЕРЕХОДЕ К ПЛАЗМЕННОМУ РЕЖИМУ
С.А. Черенщиков
При переходе магнетронной пушки в сильноточный плазменный режим обнаружена особенность импуль-
са тока на коллекторе. Эта особенность состоит в том, что направление тока противоположно напряжению.
Известно ускорение ионов в направлении электронного пучка. Поэтому сделано предположение, что обна-
руженная особенность соответствует ускоренным ионам.
МОЖЛИВІСТЬ ПРИСКОРЕННЯ ІОНІВ ПУЧКОМ ЕЛЕКТРОНІВ, ЯКИЙ СТВОРЮЄТЬСЯ
МАГНЕТРОННОЮ ГАРМАТОЮ ПРИ ПЕРЕХОДІ ДО ПЛАЗМОВОГО РЕЖИМУ
С.О. Черенщиков
При переході магнетронної гармати до потужнострумового плазмового режиму виявлена особливість ім-
пульсу струму на колекторі. Ця особливість полягає в тому, що струм є протилежним напрузі. Відомо прис-
корення іонів у напрямку електронного пучка. Тому зроблено припущення, що виявлена особливість відпо-
відає прискореним іонам.
3. DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-147322 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:36:37Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Cherenshchykov, S.A. 2019-02-14T13:53:39Z 2019-02-14T13:53:39Z 2018 Тhe possibility of acceleration of ions by a electron beam which generated by a magnetron gun when transition to plasma mode / S.A. Cherenshchykov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2018. — № 4. — С. 17-20. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 29.17.+w; 52.35.−g. https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/147322 When the magnetron gun is switched to high-current plasma mode, a singularity of the current pulse on the collector
 is observed. This singularity is that the current is opposite to the voltage. An acceleration of ions by the electron beam is
 known. Therefore, the assumption is made that the detected singularity corresponds to the accelerated ions. При переході магнетронної гармати до потужнострумового плазмового режиму виявлена особливість імпульсу струму на колекторі. Ця особливість полягає в тому, що струм є протилежним напрузі. Відомо прискорення іонів у напрямку електронного пучка. Тому зроблено припущення, що виявлена особливість відповідає прискореним іонам. При переході магнетронної гармати до потужнострумового плазмового режиму виявлена особливість імпульсу струму на колекторі. Ця особливість полягає в тому, що струм є протилежним напрузі. Відомо прискорення іонів у напрямку електронного пучка. Тому зроблено припущення, що виявлена особливість відповідає прискореним іонам. In carrying out the experiments, V.D. Kotsubanov
 and I.K. Nikolsky had participated. The test facility was
 prepared within the framework of the STCU project
 № 1968 with the financial support of the USA and Canada. Measurements were carried oscilloscope Tektronix
 TDS1002B (see Fig. 2) and TDS2024B (see Figs. 3, 4). en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Нерелятивистская электроника Тhe possibility of acceleration of ions by a electron beam which generated by a magnetron gun when transition to plasma mode Можливість прискорення іонів пучком електронів, який створюється магнетронною гарматою при переході до плазмового режиму Возможность ускорения ионов пучком электронов, создаваемым магнетронной пушкой при переходе к плазменному режиму Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Тhe possibility of acceleration of ions by a electron beam which generated by a magnetron gun when transition to plasma mode Cherenshchykov, S.A. Нерелятивистская электроника |
| title | Тhe possibility of acceleration of ions by a electron beam which generated by a magnetron gun when transition to plasma mode |
| title_alt | Можливість прискорення іонів пучком електронів, який створюється магнетронною гарматою при переході до плазмового режиму Возможность ускорения ионов пучком электронов, создаваемым магнетронной пушкой при переходе к плазменному режиму |
| title_full | Тhe possibility of acceleration of ions by a electron beam which generated by a magnetron gun when transition to plasma mode |
| title_fullStr | Тhe possibility of acceleration of ions by a electron beam which generated by a magnetron gun when transition to plasma mode |
| title_full_unstemmed | Тhe possibility of acceleration of ions by a electron beam which generated by a magnetron gun when transition to plasma mode |
| title_short | Тhe possibility of acceleration of ions by a electron beam which generated by a magnetron gun when transition to plasma mode |
| title_sort | тhe possibility of acceleration of ions by a electron beam which generated by a magnetron gun when transition to plasma mode |
| topic | Нерелятивистская электроника |
| topic_facet | Нерелятивистская электроника |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/147322 |
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