Amplification of the runaway electrons flow in the Uragan-3М torsatron
In this work the results of amplification of the runaway electrons flow and interaction runaway electrons with RF-heating wave on the Uragan-3M torsatron are presented. Results described in the article confirm using runaway electrons for gas breakdown. The results allow making some recommendations...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2018
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| Cite this: | Amplification of the runaway electrons flow in the Uragan-3М torsatron / I.K. Tarasov, M.I. Tarasov, D.A. Sitnikov, V.B. Korovin, A.V. Lozin, Yu.K. Mironov, V.S. Romanov, R.O. Pavlichenko, N.V. Zamanov, A.G. Kulaga, A.N. Shapoval, M.M. Makhov, I.G. Goncharov, V.M. Listopad, N.V. Lymar, N.V. Gnidenko // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2018. — № 6. — С. 38-41. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859612838642843648 |
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| author | Tarasov, I.K. Tarasov, M.I. Sitnikov, D.A. Korovin, V.B. Lozin, A.V. Mironov, Yu.K. Romanov, V.S. Pavlichenko, R.O. Zamanov, N.V. Kulaga, A.G. Shapoval, A.N. Makhov, M.M. Goncharov, I.G. Listopad, V.M. Lymar, N.V. Gnidenko, N.V. |
| author_facet | Tarasov, I.K. Tarasov, M.I. Sitnikov, D.A. Korovin, V.B. Lozin, A.V. Mironov, Yu.K. Romanov, V.S. Pavlichenko, R.O. Zamanov, N.V. Kulaga, A.G. Shapoval, A.N. Makhov, M.M. Goncharov, I.G. Listopad, V.M. Lymar, N.V. Gnidenko, N.V. |
| citation_txt | Amplification of the runaway electrons flow in the Uragan-3М torsatron / I.K. Tarasov, M.I. Tarasov, D.A. Sitnikov, V.B. Korovin, A.V. Lozin, Yu.K. Mironov, V.S. Romanov, R.O. Pavlichenko, N.V. Zamanov, A.G. Kulaga, A.N. Shapoval, M.M. Makhov, I.G. Goncharov, V.M. Listopad, N.V. Lymar, N.V. Gnidenko // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2018. — № 6. — С. 38-41. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | In this work the results of amplification of the runaway electrons flow and interaction runaway electrons with
RF-heating wave on the Uragan-3M torsatron are presented. Results described in the article confirm using runaway
electrons for gas breakdown. The results allow making some recommendations for using of self-created flows of
accelerated particles for stimulation of gas breakdown.
Наведено результати експериментальних досліджень щодо посилення потоку утікаючих електронів, а
також взаємодії потоку утікаючих електронів з електромагнітним полем хвилі, що збуджується
високочастотним імпульсом у торсатроні Ураган-3М. Отримані результати підтверджують можливість
пробою газу утікаючими електронами. Це дозволяє представити ряд рекомендацій по використанню потоків
прискорених частинок для стимуляції високочастотного пробою.
Приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований по усилению потока убегающих электронов, а
также взаимодействию потока убегающих электронов с электромагнитным полем волны, возбуждаемой
высокочастотным импульсом в торсатроне Ураган-3М. Полученные результаты подтверждают возможность
пробоя газа убегающими электронами. Это позволяет представить ряд рекомендаций по использованию
самопроизвольно формирующихся потоков ускоренных частиц для стимуляции высокочастотного пробоя.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-11-28T13:57:55Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2018. №6(118)
38 PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2018, № 6. Series: Plasma Physics (118), p. 38-41.
AMPLIFICATION OF THE RUNAWAY ELECTRONS FLOW IN THE
URAGAN-3M TORSATRON
I.K. Tarasov, M.I. Tarasov, D.A. Sitnikov, V.B. Korovin, A.V. Lozin, Yu.K. Mironov,
V.S. Romanov, R.O. Pavlichenko, N.V. Zamanov, A.G. Kulaga, A.N. Shapoval,
M.M. Makhov, I.G. Goncharov, V.M. Listopad, N.V. Lymar, N.V. Gnidenko
National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”,
Institute of Plasma Physics, Kharkiv, Ukraine
E-mail: itarasov@ipp.kharkov.ua
In this work the results of amplification of the runaway electrons flow and interaction runaway electrons with
RF-heating wave on the Uragan-3M torsatron are presented. Results described in the article confirm using runaway
electrons for gas breakdown. The results allow making some recommendations for using of self-created flows of
accelerated particles for stimulation of gas breakdown.
PACS: 52.59.Rz, 52.70.Nc, 52.70.La
INTRODUCTION
We have already presented the first results of
experimental study of working gas discharge ignition
due to runaway electrons (RE) in the Uragan-3M
torsatron [1].
The detailed results on the temporal behavior of the
RE dynamics are presented. The flow is formed due to
toroidal electric field during rump-up phase of the
magnetic field pulse. The detailed study of the RE flow
intensity from several experimental plasma parameters
such as: the working gas pressure, the magnetic field
strength, the amplitude and length of the microwave
pulse which additionally stimulated ionization processes
was made.
For the driving RF pulse and microwave pulse the
start up and length was optimized at the rump-up stage
of the magnetic field.
Additional set of the experiments were done where
the RE were amplified by the main RF plasma
production generator “Kaskad-2”.
1. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND
DIAGNOSTIC ELEMENTS
Experiments were performed in U-3M device [1].
The U-3M is an l = 3, m = 9 torsatron with open helical
divertor configuration. The major radius of the device is
R=1 m, average minor radius of plasma confinement
volume a = 0.12 m, working magnetic field B=0.72 T.
Plasma is produced by absorption of a RF power
(f = 8…8.6 MHz, P≤200 kW) supplied by two antennas
placed near the last closed magnetic surface.
The U-3M diagnostics used in the experiments:
optical spectroscopy, microwave reflectometry,
interferometry, Langmuir probes, Radiometry
(measurements of Electron Cyclotron Emission), X-ray
diagnostics, energy analyzis of charge exchange atoms,
magnetic probes, toroidal loop, hard X-ray diagnostics.
Earlier, the question arose as to why soft X-ray
radiation detectors fix the bremsstrahlung of RE. One of
the reasons could be Compton scattering.
Compton scattering is the scattering by a free
electron of an individual photon. A photon is scattered
by an electron and transmits a part of its energy and
momentum and also changes its direction of motion.
After scattering the photon will have energy and
frequency less than its energy and frequency before
scattering. Accordingly, after scattering, the wavelength
of the photon increases.
2. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
2.1. NEUTRAL GAS IONIZATION IN RUNAWAY
ELECTRONS FLOW
The ability of ionization of working gas inside the
confinement volume corresponds to the intensity of the
ionizing particles flow [2, 3]. The estimation of the flow
intensity could be done basing on observation of several
secondary phenomena, which occur due to interaction of
the RE flow with the confining magnetic fields and
metal constructive elements. Here we talk about a wide
spectrum of radiation (from microwave to X-ray). As
one of the diagnostic tool in our experiments we used a
set of electrostatic probes located at the edge of the
plasma confinement volume.
We have found that the intensity of RE flow depends
on the microwave power (2.45 GHz microwave
generator) which is proportional to the pulse amplitude
and its delay in relation to the magnetic field pulse start.
2.2. THE MAGNETIC FIELD VARIATION
CAUSES THE RUNAWAY FLOW
An X-ray radiation output was observed in the
absence of RF-heating at the rump-down phases of
magnetic field pulse. At the same time the particles
ejection on the probes situated at the edge of the torus
was detected. Such ejection was also accompanied with
the sufficient Hα and ECE radiation. Thus we have
concluded that the flow of suprathermal particles is
formed at the edges of magnetic field pulse (Fig. 1).
Such a “RE flow” is created by the toroidal electric
field which is induced by the magnetic field intensity
variation.
The flow intensity is sensitive to the working gas
pressure value.
It was shown that at the low pressures the flow exists
not only at the magnetic field pulse rump-down phases
mailto:itarasov@ipp.kharkov.ua
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2018. №6(118) 39
but also during the phase of stationary magnetic field
[4].
Fig. 1. The measurements carried out without
applying the RF-heating at different working gas
pressures
2.3. EXTERNAL STIMULATION OF THE
RUNAWAY ELECTRONS FLOW
The signals from Langmuir probe, magnetic probe
and X-Ray detector with and without the RE flow
stimulation by the additional ionization were observed.
The flow of RE was stimulated by the additional RF-
ionization which was carried out at the magnetic field
pulse front. Changes in the flow characteristics were
observed through the measurements of current on the
peripheral Langmuir probe together with the X-Ray
output at the rump-down of the magnetic field pulse
(Fig. 2).
Fig. 2. The signals with and without the RE flow
stimulation by the additional ionization (p =2·10-5 Torr)
In a spontaneous scenario of RE occurrence a
plasma creation process takes place. This plasma
becomes a source of accelerated particles – the source
of RE.
Basing on these facts we have made an assumption
that the increasing of number of plasma particles will
cause increasing of the corresponding RE flow.
To create additional ionization we used a discharge
created by microwave generator on the frequency of
2.45 GHz with the power of 0.5…1.5 kW. It was turned
on when the magnetic field strength was 0.08 T
(electron-cyclotron resonance) and it was working
during 50…1000 ms (Fig. 3). The density of created
plasma was about ne=5·1010 cm-3.
Fig. 3. Scenario of RE microwave stimulation.
1 – Microwave pulse; 2 – shift interval of microwave
pulse; 3 – RF pulse
Also we were tried to use generator “Kaskad-2” to
create plasma on rump-up stage of the magnetic field.
“Kaskad-2” was worked on frequency about 5 MHz and
output power about 100 kW (Fig. 4).
Fig. 4. RE behavior when RF-generator “Kaskad-2”
works without additional microwave pumping.
A – “Kaskad-2” – OFF; B – “Kaskad-2” – ON;
p= 2·10-5 Torr
The joint work of microwave generator (2.45 GHz)
and “Kaskad-2” was also investigated (Fig. 5).
Fig. 5. RE dynamics when RF-generator
“Kaskad-2” (100 kW) and microwave generator
(1.5 kW) works together. A – “Kaskad-2” – OFF;
B – “Kaskad-2” – ON; p = 2·10-5 Torr, B = 0.65 T
40 ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2018. №6(118)
2.4. DEPENDENCE FROM LENGTH AND
POWER MICROWAVE PULSE
As we already mentioned the RE flow affected the
plasma discharge conditions during microwave pulse,
which used for plasma production. The discharge
performance has shown strong dependency on the RE
flow intensity. Thus the flow is dependent on the
amplitude and the length of the microwave pulse which
is used to create plasma in the confinement volume.
Optimization of the microwave pulse delay according to
the magnetic field rump-up start is necessary condition
for electron-cyclotron resonance on the frequency
2.45 GHz.
The dependence of RE flow on the stimulation pulse
length for two different delays (200 and 400 ms)
according to start of the magnetic field pulse is
presented (Fig. 6). The estimates were made during
comparison of the pulse parameters and its influence on
the discharge performance.
Fig. 6. Dependence temporal delay between
RF-pulse start edge and the moment of discharge
(tdelay_breakdown). p = 1.2·10-5 Torr
Dependence of RE flow intensity on the amplitude
of the microwave stimulation pulse for two values of the
pulse delay (200 and 400 ms) according to magnetic
field pulse is shown on Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Dependence from power of microwave pulse.
tdelay_breakdown – temporal delay between RF-pulse start
edge and the moment of discharge. p=1.2·10-5 Torr
2.5. DEPENDENCE FROM THE WORKING GAS
PRESSURE
In all experiments on U-3M is observed the
dependence of intensity of RE flow from working gas
pressure. The maximum of intensity of RE flow is in
range 3·10-5…5·10-6 Torr (defined by ECE and hard
X-Ray).
To create the RE flow exist an optimum working gas
pressure. Also the pressure has to satisfy the condition
of the plasma formation at the fronts of the magnetic
field pulse, which is the main source of RE.
The dynamics of synchrotron radiation and
bremsstrahlung from working gas pressure is shown on
Fig. 8.
Fig .8. Bremsstrahlung (X-ray) and synchrotron
radiation ~40 GHz frequency during the variation of
magnetic field strength for different pressures of
working gas
CONCLUSIONS
The effect of the amplification of RE in Uragan-3M
experiments is carried out by stimulation of plasma
creation on phase of charged particles acceleration .
This stage corresponds to the magnetic field pulse rump
up phase.
The RE flow intensity depends on plasma startup
parameters and initial plasma breakdown time. This
could be indirectly determined using of the amplitude
and length of pulses of the RF and microwave pumping.
The RE flow intensity depends on the offset between
the magnetic field pulse startup and the RF pulse
startup.
Comparison of RF and microwave pumping has
shown that 100 kW of RF power affect (“Kaskad-2”) in
the same way as 1.5 kW of microwave power.
REFERENCES
1. I.K. Tarasov, M.I. Tarasov, D.A. Sitnikov,
V.K. Panshev, M.A. Lytova // Technical Physics. 2016,
№ 1, v. 61, p. 53-58.
2. A.V. Gurevich, G.M. Milikh, R. Roussel-Dupre.
Runaway electron mechanism of air breakdown and
preconditioning during a thunderstorm // Phys. Lett. A.
1992, v. 165, p. 463-468.
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2018. №6(118) 41
3. A.V. Gurevich, K.F. Sergeicev, I.A. Sychov,
R. Roussel-Dupre, K.P. Zybin. First observation of
runaway breakdown phenomenon in laboratory
experiments // Phys. Lett. A. 1999, v. 260, p. 269-278.
4. M.I. Tarasov. Charged Particle Flows in Plasma and
Their Fluctuations in Linear and Toroidal Magnetic
Configurations. Candidate (Phys.–Math. Sci.)
Dissertation Kharkov, 2012 ( in Russian).
Article received 19.10.2018
УСИЛЕНИЕ ПОТОКА УБЕГАЮЩИХ ЭЛЕКТРОНОВ В ТОРСАТРОНЕ УРАГАН-3М
И.К. Тарасов, М.И. Тарасов, Д.А. Ситников, В.Б. Коровин, А.В. Лозин, Ю.К. Миронов, В.С. Романов,
Р.О. Павличенко, Н.В. Заманов, А.Г. Кулага, А.Н. Шаповал, М.М. Махов, И.Г. Гончаров,
В.М. Листопад, Н.В. Лымарь, Н.В. Гниденко
Приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований по усилению потока убегающих электронов, а
также взаимодействию потока убегающих электронов с электромагнитным полем волны, возбуждаемой
высокочастотным импульсом в торсатроне Ураган-3М. Полученные результаты подтверждают возможность
пробоя газа убегающими электронами. Это позволяет представить ряд рекомендаций по использованию
самопроизвольно формирующихся потоков ускоренных частиц для стимуляции высокочастотного пробоя.
ПОСИЛЕННЯ ПОТОКУ УТІКАЮЧИХ ЕЛЕКТРОНІВ У ТОРСАТРОНІ УРАГАН-3М
І.К. Тарасов, М.І. Тарасов, Д.А. Ситников, В.Б. Коровін, О.В. Лозин, Ю.К. Миронов, В.С. Романов,
Р.О. Павліченко, М.В. Заманов, А.Г. Кулага, А.М. Шаповал, М.М. Махов, І.Г. Гончаров,
В.М. Листопад, М.В. Лимарь, М.В. Гниденко
Наведено результати експериментальних досліджень щодо посилення потоку утікаючих електронів, а
також взаємодії потоку утікаючих електронів з електромагнітним полем хвилі, що збуджується
високочастотним імпульсом у торсатроні Ураган-3М. Отримані результати підтверджують можливість
пробою газу утікаючими електронами. Це дозволяє представити ряд рекомендацій по використанню потоків
прискорених частинок для стимуляції високочастотного пробою.
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-148821 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-28T13:57:55Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Tarasov, I.K. Tarasov, M.I. Sitnikov, D.A. Korovin, V.B. Lozin, A.V. Mironov, Yu.K. Romanov, V.S. Pavlichenko, R.O. Zamanov, N.V. Kulaga, A.G. Shapoval, A.N. Makhov, M.M. Goncharov, I.G. Listopad, V.M. Lymar, N.V. Gnidenko, N.V. 2019-02-18T19:33:45Z 2019-02-18T19:33:45Z 2018 Amplification of the runaway electrons flow in the Uragan-3М torsatron / I.K. Tarasov, M.I. Tarasov, D.A. Sitnikov, V.B. Korovin, A.V. Lozin, Yu.K. Mironov, V.S. Romanov, R.O. Pavlichenko, N.V. Zamanov, A.G. Kulaga, A.N. Shapoval, M.M. Makhov, I.G. Goncharov, V.M. Listopad, N.V. Lymar, N.V. Gnidenko // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2018. — № 6. — С. 38-41. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 52.59.Rz, 52.70.Nc, 52.70.La https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/148821 In this work the results of amplification of the runaway electrons flow and interaction runaway electrons with RF-heating wave on the Uragan-3M torsatron are presented. Results described in the article confirm using runaway electrons for gas breakdown. The results allow making some recommendations for using of self-created flows of accelerated particles for stimulation of gas breakdown. Наведено результати експериментальних досліджень щодо посилення потоку утікаючих електронів, а також взаємодії потоку утікаючих електронів з електромагнітним полем хвилі, що збуджується високочастотним імпульсом у торсатроні Ураган-3М. Отримані результати підтверджують можливість пробою газу утікаючими електронами. Це дозволяє представити ряд рекомендацій по використанню потоків прискорених частинок для стимуляції високочастотного пробою. Приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований по усилению потока убегающих электронов, а также взаимодействию потока убегающих электронов с электромагнитным полем волны, возбуждаемой высокочастотным импульсом в торсатроне Ураган-3М. Полученные результаты подтверждают возможность пробоя газа убегающими электронами. Это позволяет представить ряд рекомендаций по использованию самопроизвольно формирующихся потоков ускоренных частиц для стимуляции высокочастотного пробоя. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Магнитное удержание Amplification of the runaway electrons flow in the Uragan-3М torsatron Посилення потоку утікаючих електронів у торсатроні Ураган-3М Усиление потока убегающих электронов в торсатроне Ураган-3М Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Amplification of the runaway electrons flow in the Uragan-3М torsatron Tarasov, I.K. Tarasov, M.I. Sitnikov, D.A. Korovin, V.B. Lozin, A.V. Mironov, Yu.K. Romanov, V.S. Pavlichenko, R.O. Zamanov, N.V. Kulaga, A.G. Shapoval, A.N. Makhov, M.M. Goncharov, I.G. Listopad, V.M. Lymar, N.V. Gnidenko, N.V. Магнитное удержание |
| title | Amplification of the runaway electrons flow in the Uragan-3М torsatron |
| title_alt | Посилення потоку утікаючих електронів у торсатроні Ураган-3М Усиление потока убегающих электронов в торсатроне Ураган-3М |
| title_full | Amplification of the runaway electrons flow in the Uragan-3М torsatron |
| title_fullStr | Amplification of the runaway electrons flow in the Uragan-3М torsatron |
| title_full_unstemmed | Amplification of the runaway electrons flow in the Uragan-3М torsatron |
| title_short | Amplification of the runaway electrons flow in the Uragan-3М torsatron |
| title_sort | amplification of the runaway electrons flow in the uragan-3м torsatron |
| topic | Магнитное удержание |
| topic_facet | Магнитное удержание |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/148821 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tarasovik amplificationoftherunawayelectronsflowintheuragan3mtorsatron AT tarasovmi amplificationoftherunawayelectronsflowintheuragan3mtorsatron AT sitnikovda amplificationoftherunawayelectronsflowintheuragan3mtorsatron AT korovinvb amplificationoftherunawayelectronsflowintheuragan3mtorsatron AT lozinav amplificationoftherunawayelectronsflowintheuragan3mtorsatron AT mironovyuk amplificationoftherunawayelectronsflowintheuragan3mtorsatron AT romanovvs amplificationoftherunawayelectronsflowintheuragan3mtorsatron AT pavlichenkoro amplificationoftherunawayelectronsflowintheuragan3mtorsatron AT zamanovnv amplificationoftherunawayelectronsflowintheuragan3mtorsatron AT kulagaag amplificationoftherunawayelectronsflowintheuragan3mtorsatron AT shapovalan amplificationoftherunawayelectronsflowintheuragan3mtorsatron AT makhovmm amplificationoftherunawayelectronsflowintheuragan3mtorsatron AT goncharovig amplificationoftherunawayelectronsflowintheuragan3mtorsatron AT listopadvm amplificationoftherunawayelectronsflowintheuragan3mtorsatron AT lymarnv amplificationoftherunawayelectronsflowintheuragan3mtorsatron AT gnidenkonv amplificationoftherunawayelectronsflowintheuragan3mtorsatron AT tarasovik posilennâpotokuutíkaûčihelektronívutorsatroníuragan3m AT tarasovmi posilennâpotokuutíkaûčihelektronívutorsatroníuragan3m AT sitnikovda posilennâpotokuutíkaûčihelektronívutorsatroníuragan3m AT korovinvb posilennâpotokuutíkaûčihelektronívutorsatroníuragan3m AT lozinav posilennâpotokuutíkaûčihelektronívutorsatroníuragan3m AT mironovyuk posilennâpotokuutíkaûčihelektronívutorsatroníuragan3m AT romanovvs posilennâpotokuutíkaûčihelektronívutorsatroníuragan3m AT pavlichenkoro posilennâpotokuutíkaûčihelektronívutorsatroníuragan3m AT zamanovnv posilennâpotokuutíkaûčihelektronívutorsatroníuragan3m AT kulagaag posilennâpotokuutíkaûčihelektronívutorsatroníuragan3m AT shapovalan posilennâpotokuutíkaûčihelektronívutorsatroníuragan3m AT makhovmm posilennâpotokuutíkaûčihelektronívutorsatroníuragan3m AT goncharovig posilennâpotokuutíkaûčihelektronívutorsatroníuragan3m AT listopadvm posilennâpotokuutíkaûčihelektronívutorsatroníuragan3m AT lymarnv posilennâpotokuutíkaûčihelektronívutorsatroníuragan3m AT gnidenkonv posilennâpotokuutíkaûčihelektronívutorsatroníuragan3m AT tarasovik usileniepotokaubegaûŝihélektronovvtorsatroneuragan3m AT tarasovmi usileniepotokaubegaûŝihélektronovvtorsatroneuragan3m AT sitnikovda usileniepotokaubegaûŝihélektronovvtorsatroneuragan3m AT korovinvb usileniepotokaubegaûŝihélektronovvtorsatroneuragan3m AT lozinav usileniepotokaubegaûŝihélektronovvtorsatroneuragan3m AT mironovyuk usileniepotokaubegaûŝihélektronovvtorsatroneuragan3m AT romanovvs usileniepotokaubegaûŝihélektronovvtorsatroneuragan3m AT pavlichenkoro usileniepotokaubegaûŝihélektronovvtorsatroneuragan3m AT zamanovnv usileniepotokaubegaûŝihélektronovvtorsatroneuragan3m AT kulagaag usileniepotokaubegaûŝihélektronovvtorsatroneuragan3m AT shapovalan usileniepotokaubegaûŝihélektronovvtorsatroneuragan3m AT makhovmm usileniepotokaubegaûŝihélektronovvtorsatroneuragan3m AT goncharovig usileniepotokaubegaûŝihélektronovvtorsatroneuragan3m AT listopadvm usileniepotokaubegaûŝihélektronovvtorsatroneuragan3m AT lymarnv usileniepotokaubegaûŝihélektronovvtorsatroneuragan3m AT gnidenkonv usileniepotokaubegaûŝihélektronovvtorsatroneuragan3m |