The influence of financial decentralization on the restoration of the economy of Donbas
The article deals with the specifics of Donbas regional development from the point of view of the introduction of decentralization processes in a situation of armed conflict and a high degree of political and socioeconomic uncertainty. The features of the formation of local budgets of Donetsk region...
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nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-1501442025-02-10T00:27:16Z The influence of financial decentralization on the restoration of the economy of Donbas Влияние финансовой децентрализации на восстановление экономики Донбасса Вплив фінансової децентралізації на відновлення економіки Донбасу Fomichenko, I. Barkova, S. Social and economic problems of Donbas The article deals with the specifics of Donbas regional development from the point of view of the introduction of decentralization processes in a situation of armed conflict and a high degree of political and socioeconomic uncertainty. The features of the formation of local budgets of Donetsk region are determined. The proposed improvement of the policy of intergovernmental transfers of security of the eastern region, which involves the development of strategic documents of socio-economic development by each united territorial community. У статті розглянуто специфіку регіонального розвитку Донбасу з позицій впровадження децентралізаційних процесів в умовах збройного конфлікту і високого ступеня політичної та соціально-економічної невизначеності. Встановлено особливості формування місцевих бюджетів Донецької області. Запропоновано удосконалення політики міжбюджетних трансфертів забезпеченості східного регіону, що передбачає розробку стратегічних документів соціально-економічного розвитку кожною об’єднаною територіальною громадою. В статье рассмотрена специфика регионального развития Донбасса с позиций внедрения децентрализационных процессов в условиях вооруженного конфликта и высокой степени политической и социально-экономической неопределенности. Установлены особенности формирования местных бюджетов Донецкой области. Предложено усовершенствование политики межбюджетных трансфертов обеспеченности восточного региона, которая предусматривает разработку стратегических документов социально-экономического развития каждой объединенной территориальной общиной. 2018 Article The influence of financial decentralization on the restoration of the economy of Donbas / I. Fomichenko, S. Barkova // Економічний вісник Донбасу. — 2018. — № 4 (54). — С. 12-17. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — англ. 1817-3772 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/150144 332.142:338.244.47+338.246.8(477.62) en Економічний вісник Донбасу application/pdf Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України |
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Social and economic problems of Donbas Social and economic problems of Donbas |
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Social and economic problems of Donbas Social and economic problems of Donbas Fomichenko, I. Barkova, S. The influence of financial decentralization on the restoration of the economy of Donbas Економічний вісник Донбасу |
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The article deals with the specifics of Donbas regional development from the point of view of the introduction of decentralization processes in a situation of armed conflict and a high degree of political and socioeconomic uncertainty. The features of the formation of local budgets of Donetsk region are determined. The proposed improvement of the policy of intergovernmental transfers of security of the eastern region, which involves the development of strategic documents of socio-economic development by each united territorial community. |
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Fomichenko, I. Barkova, S. |
| author_facet |
Fomichenko, I. Barkova, S. |
| author_sort |
Fomichenko, I. |
| title |
The influence of financial decentralization on the restoration of the economy of Donbas |
| title_short |
The influence of financial decentralization on the restoration of the economy of Donbas |
| title_full |
The influence of financial decentralization on the restoration of the economy of Donbas |
| title_fullStr |
The influence of financial decentralization on the restoration of the economy of Donbas |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The influence of financial decentralization on the restoration of the economy of Donbas |
| title_sort |
influence of financial decentralization on the restoration of the economy of donbas |
| publisher |
Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України |
| publishDate |
2018 |
| topic_facet |
Social and economic problems of Donbas |
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https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/150144 |
| citation_txt |
The influence of financial decentralization on the restoration of the economy of Donbas / I. Fomichenko, S. Barkova // Економічний вісник Донбасу. — 2018. — № 4 (54). — С. 12-17. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — англ. |
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Економічний вісник Донбасу |
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I. Fomichenko, S. Barkova
12
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(54), 2018
UDC 332.142:338.244.47+338.246.8(477.62)
I. Fomichenko,
PhD (Economics),
S. Barkova,
assistant
Donbass State Machine Building Academy, Kramatorsk
THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL DECENTRALIZATION ON THE RESTORATION
OF THE ECONOMY OF DONBAS
Problem Statement. On the modern stage of de-
velopment of Ukraine as the democratic, social and legal
state taking into account global changes that took place
lately, development of local self-government is one of
priority directions of public policy. The process of fi-
nancial decentralization begun in Ukraine directly influ-
ences on the decision of economic problems of develop-
ment of the destroyed potential of Donbas. Proceeding
in the economy of Donbas needs more complete use of
resources of development, that have local character,
strengthening of market principles of menage, examin-
ing the not so much scales of spatial sizes of territories,
how much factors of cooperation of agents of demand
and supply on certain territories. Financial decentraliza-
tion gives new possibilities to influence on regional eco-
nomic progress trends from the side of population, terri-
torial communities and local elites. Actuality of research
theme is conditioned by that a specific of regional de-
velopment of Donbas is from positions of introduction
of decentralization processes in the conditions of the
armed conflict and high degree of political and so-
cially – economic vagueness studied while not enough.
Analysis of the last researches and publications.
Directly the home economists devoted the labours the
study of problems of local finances and interbudgetary
relations of V. Kravchenko, О. Vasilik, S. Bukovinsky,
О. Kirilenko, I. Lunina. Problems of proceeding in the
economy of Donbas and research of consequences of the
Russian-Ukrainian conflict mostly came true at all-
Ukrainian level in labours of І. Grozny [1], R. Pro-
kopenko [2] but other. The different aspects of concept
of decentralization, her conceptions, kinds are investi-
gated by the modern Ukrainian and foreign scientists. In
this way, G. Arikan worked out the theoretical model of
financial decentralization; R. Bal and J. Martinez-Vas-
quez educed intercommunication of realization of re-
form of financial decentralization and institutional de-
sign of country; N. Bikadorova, O. Drozdovskaya inves-
tigated essence of financial decentralization; K. Kaiser
are her kinds; V. Bodrov [3] and S. Dyachenko [3] con-
sidered decentralization as an instrument for strengthen-
ing the material and financial basis of local self-govern-
ment.
The purpose of the article is to study the impact of
financial decentralization on the restoration of the Don-
bas economy and to determine the peculiarities of the
formation of local budgets of the Donetsk region.
Presentation of the main research material. The
economic system of the border regions in the east of the
country is an important part of the Ukrainian economy
as a whole. Creating conditions for optimal interaction
between different border territorial associations requires
a systematic approach and a full account of the diversity
of directions and forms of interregional economic rela-
tions. The Russian-Ukrainian conflict, which in 2014
year into armed confrontation and annexation of territo-
ries, led to significant changes in the foreign economic
activity of Ukrainian industrial regions, in particular,
Donbas. For the Donetsk region, which was at the epi-
center of the military conflict, the availability of finan-
cial decentralization and strategic planning of the deve-
lopment of territories is a prerequisite for a comprehen-
sive recovery based on the principles of sustainable de-
velopment. It is the processes of financial decentraliza-
tion that can contribute to increasing the resource base
of local self-government and the effectiveness of its use,
innovation, human resource development and entrepre-
neurship, and improvement of the ecology of the Don-
bas [4]. The success of financial decentralization largely
depends on the degree of participation of the united ter-
ritorial communities (OTG) in the processes of manag-
ing the resource potential of the region. The role of
united territorial communities in ensuring the interests
of citizens in all spheres of life in the respective territory
should become a key. For example, in order to stimulate
civic responsibility at the local level and motivate the
population to voluntarily pay taxes, local authorities
should inform and involve them at all stages of decision
making of local significance. The relevance of the study
was due to the fact that in Ukraine only the correspond-
ing regulatory, legal, economic, organizational, infor-
mational, and social mechanisms of strategic planning
of territories development in the conditions of financial
decentralization were created. The creation of united
territorial communities in the Donetsk region will con-
tribute to further socio-economic development of the
territories. In Ukraine, during 2016-2018, there has been
a rapid increase in the number of OTGs, but there is no
proportional increase in the subvention for infrastruc-
ture development. For 3 years the amount of the subven-
tion for the OTG infrastructure has decreased by 3.4 mil-
lion UAH / unit. while simultaneously increasing the
OTG by 506 units (Fig. 1).
I. Fomichenko, S. Barkova
13
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(54), 2018
159
366
665
6,3
4,1
2,9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
01.01.2016 01.01.2017 01.01.2018
U
A
N
.m
ill
io
n.
un
its
.
Number of OTG The amount of subvention per unit of OTG
Fig. 1. The ratio of the amount of subvention to the OTG infrastructure and the number of OTGs [5]
Such a situation demulges the community to unite
and diminish opportunities for social and economic de-
velopment. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the fi-
nancial system for providing funds to united territorial
communities, namely to increase the size of the subven-
tion in proportion to the number of OTG. Another prob-
lem hampering the development of OTG in Ukraine is
that the creation of united territorial communities is not
supported by the population. Most residents of territorial
communities are detached from the process of the adop-
tion and implementation of management decisions
either because of their own indifference or open reluc-
tance of local government officials to involve citizens in
managing local affairs. Among the areas of improve-
ment of the development of territorial communities, it is
expedient to highlight the revision of the mechanisms of
budgetary equalization. In particular, we consider it un-
reasonable to equalize the tax capacity of the territories
only on income from the value added tax of individuals
and income tax. It would be worthwhile to include in the
calculation and revenues of local budgets from rent pay-
ments. In Ukraine, this issue was repeatedly raised, in
2016 two bills were registered to include a certain per-
centage of rent payments to local budgets. In 2018, only
one law "On Amendments to the Budget Code of
Ukraine for the Inclusion of Rent Payment for the Use
of Subsoil for the Extraction of Oil, Natural Gas and Gas
Condensate" came into force on January 1, 2018. In ac-
cordance with the law, 5% of rent from the sale of hy-
drocarbons should be transferred to local budgets of dif-
ferent levels. Of these, 2% will be credited to oblast
budgets, 2% to district budgets and 1% to budgets of
city, village, and village councils [6]. But this law pro-
vides for a total deduction of only 5% of rent payments
to local budgets, although the second version of the law
specified 10%. Therefore, it is worth reconsidering the
approach to determining the share of rent that is trans-
ferred to local budgets, as this is important for those ter-
ritories where the quality of drinking water deteriorates
as a result of fossil fuels, limiting the size of territories
suitable for agricultural activity, and the destruction of
highways. This must be done in order to ensure that the
OTGs on whose territory the extractive activities are
carried out have additional resources to restore the in-
frastructure, improve the living standards of the local
population and improve the ecological situation [7].
In the last two years, Ukraine, in accordance with
the course on European integration, is actively imple-
menting reforms to decentralize territorial development.
The financial aspects of decentralization are aimed at in-
creasing the financial capacity of the united territorial
communities. As a result of the territorial reform in
Ukraine, three levels of local self-government have been
formed: the oblast (or region), the district and the com-
munity consisting of several populated areas that have
been united. In accordance with the decisions of the
Central Election Commission on October 25, 2015, the
first elections of the heads and deputies of the 3 OTGs
took place in the Donetsk region, which arose as a result
of the unification of 20 local councils (65 settlements).
The total area of OTG amounted to 1738 km.q., which
is 6.6% of the area. The population of OTG is 57.3 thou-
sand people, which occupies 1.3% of the total popula-
tion of the region [8]. During the first six months of 2016
in Donetsk oblast, the actual revenues of the general
fund of local budgets of OTGs of the region (with the
transfer from the state budget) amounted to 133 million
UAH. which is more than 1.7 times compared to reve-
nues of the same period last year. In the first half of
I. Fomichenko, S. Barkova
14
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(54), 2018
2016, local budgets of OTG from the state budget re-
ceived an educational subvention worth 36 million
UAH, a medical subvention amounted to 18 million
UAH, a subvention for infrastructure development –
12 million UAH. All local budgets of OTGs of the re-
gion for the first half of 2016 exceeded the planned in-
dicators of total fund revenues approved for the relevant
period. The largest percentage of over-fulfillment of
planned indicators in Cherkasy OTG is 23% [8]. The as-
sociation of communities of Donetsk region has allowed
to increase own receipts of budgets of OTG for 1 inha-
bitant of the corresponding territory. On average, this
indicator (compared to the first half of 2015) increased
by 1110 UAH. (from UAH 708 to UAH 1818). There is
a differentiation in the amount of funds received. Thus,
in Shakhovsk OTG received the largest amount of funds
per inhabitant - UAH 3904, the smallest similar figure
was in Cherkasy OTG – UAH 400 per inhabitant. As a
comparison, we would like to note that on the basis of
1 person the most amount of money is received by a res-
ident of Verbkivska OTG of the Dnipropetrovsk re-
gion – UAH 7,257. Based on the financial resources of
OTG in the first half of 2016, funds were allocated to
development costs (capital expenditures) for a total
amount of UAH 6 million. including repair of roads,
construction, landscaping and housing and communal
services – 2 million UAH, repair and reconstruction of
institutions of social and cultural sphere – 3 million
UAH [8].
On December 28, 2014, the Verkhovna Rada of
Ukraine adopted the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments
to the Budget Code of Ukraine on the Reform of Inter-
governmental Fiscal Relations" [9], according to which
a new stage of financial decentralization has been
launched since 2015. These changes regulated, in par-
ticular, the budgetary relations related to the intro-
duction of a new model of financial provision of local
budgets and intergovernmental fiscal relations. As is
known, in the system of local finances central place be-
longs to local budgets, which, on the one hand, are do-
cumentary bearers of local finances, and on the other
hand, constitute a plan for the creation and use of finan-
cial resources necessary for the fulfillment of the tasks
of local self-government bodies. Their independence is
guaranteed by their own and national income assigned
to them, as well as the right to independently determine
the use of funds from local budgets. Today, the main
factor influencing the formation of local budgets in the
Donetsk region is the conduct of hostilities on its terri-
tory. Territories in which hostilities are taking place and
temporarily occupied remained virtually without legiti-
mate authorities. The question of the breakdown of ad-
ministrative-territorial units as a result of the anti-terror-
ist operation remains relevant. As an interim solution, it
is proposed to join parts of the districts where the state
authorities do not exercise their powers to the neighbor-
ing regions where the Ukrainian authorities operate. The
significant differentiation of the local budgets of the Do-
netsk region is determined both by the territorial charac-
ter and the development of the infrastructure, and by cer-
tain differences in the structure of the needs of budget
financing and the policy of budget equalization.
Among the main features of the formation of local
budgets of the Donetsk region are:
– excessive shredding (excessive number of village
councils and the presence of cities with a population of
less than 20 thousand people);
– significant disparities in the level of socio-eco-
nomic development of territories, the presence of areas
with significant differences in quantitative and qualita-
tive indicators. For example, the population of Volnova
district largest in the region is 104.1 thousand people,
and the population Dobropil district – only 16.1 thou-
sand people (almost 6.5 times less), which in some way
reflected in the formation of the revenue part of the local
budget [9];
Grant funds are a separate source of financing for
local economic development in the Donetsk region –
these are resources provided to finance the needs of lo-
cal economic development in the form of international
technical assistance, grants from international donors,
charitable donations and donations.
In order to ensure the sustainable development of
the Donetsk region in conditions of decentralization, it
is necessary to carry out an institutional transformation
of local self-government bodies and local executive
authorities by modernizing the administrative-territorial
system of the oblast, which involves reducing the dis-
proportions in size between administrative-territorial
units of the same level; the formation of reasonable size
of administrative-territorial units and the non-inclusion
of settlements into other settlements (thus there will be
no large disproportions in the size and population of the
regions in the region; strengthening control over the tar-
geted and efficient use of budget funds that can be im-
plemented through public involvement to the budget
process and to ensure its publicity and transparency, ac-
cess to budget information for citizens, to promote fur-
ther democratization of the activities of the Territ cal
authorities, primarily through increased use of instru-
ments of direct democracy (enhancing the role of local
initiatives, involving civil society to solve community
problems).
These proposals will provide the sources of the lo-
cal budget of the Donetsk region with the necessary in-
frastructure, personnel, organizational, and financial re-
sources. The consequences of the military conflict on
the territories of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts were sub-
ject to numerous systemic problems of the economic de-
velopment of the region, which in some way reflected
the implementation of the decentralization reform in
these territories. Creation of a modern system of local
self-government in the Donbas is complicated by the ac-
tion of certain problems specific to this region:
I. Fomichenko, S. Barkova
15
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(54), 2018
– different deterioration in the socio-economic si-
tuation and the threat of decline of former industrialized
areas as a result of hostilities on part of its territory;
– the cessation of the movement of goods through
the collision line within the Donetsk and Luhansk ob-
lasts, which has become another catalyst for the
strengthening of the trend towards the stagnation of
these territories;
– the need to find new markets for goods in foreign
markets, the development of new types of products and
redevelopment of production. There is a change in the
sectoral specialization of the regional economy, in par-
ticular the directions of export-oriented production.
The financial decentralization of the Donbas is
aimed at solving these problems by overcoming signifi-
cant contradictions in the regulatory and legislative
framework; stabilizing sources of local budget revenues
and developing an effective mechanism for interre-
gional redistribution of state revenues; the improvement
of inter-budgetary relations, which is due to their incon-
sistency with the rapid changes taking place in the east
of the country. The modern system of distribution of
budget funds between different levels of government
should be guided by the solution of problems aimed at
achieving a balanced budget both "vertical" and "hori-
zontally". The conducted research shows that the redis-
tribution of local budget revenues after budget decen-
tralization in Ukraine for 2014-2016 took place in favor
of cities of oblast significance and newly formed united
territorial communities, while the largest losses were
borne by regional budgets whose share in the structure
of incomes has decreased from 28.9% in 2014 to 24.4%
in 2016 (Тabl. 1). Such structural changes are related to
the reduction of the role of areas in the financial provi-
sion of development of territories. The oblast lost first
of all because of the reduction in the share of personal
income tax revenues from 25% to 15% in 2015. And
these losses were obviously higher than those they re-
ceived from the new share of the corporate profit tax
(10%). Also, in 2016, the subvention for the training of
labor personnel that was in 2015 was canceled.
Table 1
Structure of revenues and expenditures of local budgets by budget levels 2014-2016
Years Indicator Total Region
Cities of oblast
significance
Areas OTG
Territorial com-
munities of the
baseline level
2014 Revenues
without
transfers
100 37.9 39.8 9.9 0 12.4
2016 100 33.6 39.9 11.9 2.1 8
2014 Income
from trans-
fers
100 28.9 33.8 30 0 7.3
2016 100 24.4 35.5 30.9 1.9 7.4
2014 Expendi-
tures
100 28.7 33.8 30.5 0 6.9
2016 100 23.4 36.3 31.7 1.7 6.8
The growth of the share of revenues of cities of ob-
last significance occurred at the expense of a 10% tax on
profit of non-communal enterprises and new revenues
from excise taxes, which obviously exceeded the losses
that cities of oblast significance suffered due to the re-
duction of their share in the split personal income tax
(PIT) from 75 to 60%. Redistribution of expenditures of
local budgets in 2016 in comparison with 2014, there
was an increase in the role of budgets of cities of oblast
significance, districts and united territorial communities
in ensuring socio-economic development of territories.
The oblast began to lose its position in financing the
main sectors - education and health, while the powers to
finance these industries increased in cities of oblast sig-
nificance. About half of the expenditures of the public
administration sector are concentrated in the territorial
communities of the base level – 46.3% in 2014.
In 2016, revenues from transfers for cities of re-
gional subordination and districts were less than their
total expenditure, indicating vertical financial imba-
lances. Thus, the transfer to local budgets of additional
financial burdens without the expansion of the financial
base contributes to the threat that revenues coming
to local budgets will not correspond to the amount of
powers that are planned to be transferred for implemen-
tation by local governments. From year to year, the
powers of local authorities are growing, so, since 2016,
financing of vocational education from local budgets
has become a significant burden on budgets of cities of
oblast significance [10].
Positive factor of the impact of financial decentra-
lization on the restoration of the Donbas economy
should be the tendency of a growing share of transfers
in the total volume of local budget revenues, which will
allow to accelerate the growth of export of goods from
the Donetsk region and will contribute to the increase of
capital investments in the region. As of January-Sep-
tember 2017, enterprises and organizations of the region
(without taking into account part of the area of the anti-
terrorist operation) have absorbed 8.3 billion UAH at the
expense of all sources of financing. of capital invest-
ments, which is 23.9% more than in the same period of
I. Fomichenko, S. Barkova
16
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(54), 2018
2016 in comparable prices. The main source of financ-
ing of capital investments is the own funds of enterprises
and organizations, the share of which amounted to
85.2%. At the expense of the state budget, 2.2% of cap-
ital investments were invested, the share of local budget
funds was 10.1%, loans to banks and other borrowings
accounted for 1.1%. In January-September 2017, the ex-
port of goods from the Donetsk region (without taking
into account part of the area of the anti-terrorist opera-
tion) amounted to 3514.5 million USD. The United
States, which is 24.3% more than in January-September
2016. Enterprises of the region exported products to 108
countries of the world. In the first place Italy, where in
January-September 2017 exports of goods amounted to
763.7 million dollars, which is 35.7% more than in Ja-
nuary-September of the previous year, and amounted to
21.7% of the total. Exports of all goods to the European
market increased by 21.0% compared to January-Sep-
tember 2016. The Russian Federation took the second
place, deliveries to this country in January-September
2017 compared to January-September 2016 increased
by 18.9% and amounted to 569.9 million dollars. or
16.2% of the total volume. In 1,9 times, in January-Sep-
tember 2017, in comparison with the previous year, for-
eign exchange earnings from the export of goods in the
USA amounted to 311.1 million dollars. or 8.9% (third
place) [12].
Conclusions. Taking into account the above re-
sults of the research and the unstable political state of
Ukraine in recent years, improvement of the policy of
intergovernmental transfers of security of the eastern re-
gion is necessary. Each united territorial community
should develop strategic documents for socio-economic
development. The share of expenditures financed by lo-
cal budget revenues has slightly increased over the past
two years, indicating a higher degree of financial auto-
nomy for regional expenditures. Further strategic deve-
lopment of the Donetsk region is connected with the de-
velopment of the methodology of planning, improve-
ment of economic, organizational and personnel provi-
sion of this process.
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Фоміченко І. П., Баркова С. О. Вплив фінансо-
вої децентралізації на відновлення економіки Дон-
басу
У статті розглянуто специфіку регіонального роз-
витку Донбасу з позицій впровадження децентраліза-
ційних процесів в умовах збройного конфлікту і висо-
кого ступеня політичної та соціально-економічної не-
визначеності. Встановлено особливості формування
місцевих бюджетів Донецької області. Запропоновано
удосконалення політики міжбюджетних трансфертів
забезпеченості східного регіону, що передбачає роз-
робку стратегічних документів соціально-економіч-
ного розвитку кожною об’єднаною територіальною
громадою.
Ключові слова: фінансова децентралізація, об’єд-
нана територіальна громада, міжбюджетні трансферти,
місцеві бюджети, капітальні інвестиції.
Фомиченко И. П., Баркова С. А. Влияние фи-
нансовой децентрализации на восстановление эко-
номики Донбасса
В статье рассмотрена специфика регионального
развития Донбасса с позиций внедрения децентрализа-
ционных процессов в условиях вооруженного кон-
фликта и высокой степени политической и социально-
экономической неопределенности. Установлены осо-
бенности формирования местных бюджетов Донецкой
области. Предложено усовершенствование политики
межбюджетных трансфертов обеспеченности восточ-
ного региона, которая предусматривает разработку
стратегических документов социально-экономиче-
ского развития каждой объединенной территориаль-
ной общиной.
Ключевые слова: финансовая децентрализация,
объединенная территориальная община, межбюджет-
ные трансферты, местные бюджеты, капитальные ин-
вестиции.
Fomichenko I., Barkova S. The influence of finan-
cial decentralization on the restoration of the economy
of Donbas
The article deals with the specifics of Donbas re-
gional development from the point of view of the introduc-
tion of decentralization processes in a situation of armed
conflict and a high degree of political and socioeconomic
uncertainty. The features of the formation of local budgets
of Donetsk region are determined. The proposed improve-
ment of the policy of intergovernmental transfers of secu-
rity of the eastern region, which involves the development
of strategic documents of socio-economic development by
each united territorial community.
Keywords: financial decentralization, united territo-
rial community, intergovernmental transfers, local bud-
gets, capital investments.
Received by the editors: 02.08.2018
and final form 14.12.2018
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