Conductometric biosensor based on whole-cell microalgae for assessment of heavy metals in wastewater
Whole-cell Chlorella vulgaris conductometric biosensors consisting of gold planar interdigitated electrodes and sol-gel algal membranes have been used for assessment of heavy-metal ions in water. These analytes act as algal alkaline phosphatase inhibitors. Enzyme residual activity has been measured...
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Інститут молекулярної біології і генетики НАН України
2007
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| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Zitieren: | Conductometric biosensor based on whole-cell microalgae for assessment of heavy metals in wastewater / A.L. Berezhetskyy, C. Durrieu, H. Nguyen-Ngoc, J.-M. Chovelon, S.V. Dzyadevych, C. Tran-Minh // Біополімери і клітина. — 2007. — Т. 23, № 6. — С. 511-518. — Бібліогр.: 16 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860254154980589568 |
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| author | Berezhetskyy, A.L. Durrieu, C. Nguyen-Ngoc, H. Chovelon, J.-M. Dzyadevych, S.V. Tran-Minh, C. |
| author_facet | Berezhetskyy, A.L. Durrieu, C. Nguyen-Ngoc, H. Chovelon, J.-M. Dzyadevych, S.V. Tran-Minh, C. |
| citation_txt | Conductometric biosensor based on whole-cell microalgae for assessment of heavy metals in wastewater / A.L. Berezhetskyy, C. Durrieu, H. Nguyen-Ngoc, J.-M. Chovelon, S.V. Dzyadevych, C. Tran-Minh // Біополімери і клітина. — 2007. — Т. 23, № 6. — С. 511-518. — Бібліогр.: 16 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Біополімери і клітина |
| description | Whole-cell Chlorella vulgaris conductometric biosensors consisting of gold planar interdigitated electrodes and sol-gel algal membranes have been used for assessment of heavy-metal ions in water. These analytes act as algal alkaline phosphatase inhibitors. Enzyme residual activity has been measured in Tris-nitrate buffer in the presence of Mg²⁺ ions as activator. Operating conditions of this biosensor have been optimized and its characteristics are discussed. Detection limits are about 1 ppb for Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺ and 10 ppb for Zn²⁺. The storage stability of the biosensor in buffer solution at 4 oC is more than 40 days. The biosensor has been used to assess wastewater pollution.
Описан биосенсор для оценки содержания тяжелых металлов в воде. Для его создания клетки Chlorella vulgaris иммобилизировали на золотых планарных гребенчатых электродах с помощью золь–гель технологии. Тяжелые металлы являются ингибиторами щелочной фосфатазы. Остаточную активность иммобилизованного фермента измеряли в трис-нитратном буферном растворе в присутствии активатора: ионов магния. Оптимизированы рабочие характеристики биосенсора. Нижняя граница определения составляла 1 млрд ⁻¹ для Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺ и 10 млрд ⁻¹ для Zn²⁺. Срок хранения биосенсора в буферном растворе при температуре 4 оC составляет более 40 дней. Биосенсор использован для оценки загрязнения тяжелыми металлами сточных вод.
Описано біосенсор для оцінки вмісту важких металів у воді. Для його створення клітини Chlorella vulgaris іммобілізували на золотих планарних гребінчастих електродах за допомогою золь–гель технології. Важкі метали є інгібіторами лужної фосфатази. Залишкову активність іммобілізованого ферменту вимірювали в трис-нітратному буферному розчині за присутності активатора – іонів магнію. Оптимізовано робочі характеристики біосенсора. Нижня межа визначення складала 1 млрд ⁻¹ для Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺ та 10 млрд ⁻¹ для Zn²⁺. Термін зберігання біосенсора у буферному розчині за температури 4 оC був більшим, ніж 40 діб. Біосенсор використано для оцінки забруднення важкими металами стічних вод.
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Conductometric biosensor based on whole-cell
microalgae for assessment of heavy metals in wastewater
A. L. Berezhetskyy1,2,4, C. Durrieu2, H. Nguyen-Ngoc3, J.-M. Chovelon4,
S. V. Dzyadevych1, C. Tran-Minh5
1Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Academician Zabolotnoho str., 150, Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine
2Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l’Etat, Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement
Vaulx-en-Velin, France
3University of Technology HCM
268 rue Ly Thuong Kiet, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
4Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IRCELYON UMR-CNRS 5256, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon
Villeurbanne, France
5Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne
Saint-Etienne, France
berezhetsky@yahoo.com
Whole-cell Chlorella vulgaris conductometric biosensors consisting of gold planar interdigitated
electrodes and sol-gel algal membranes have been used for assessment of heavy-metal ions in water. These
analytes act as algal alkaline phosphatase inhibitors. Enzyme residual activity has been measured in
Tris-nitrate buffer in the presence of Mg2+ ions as activator. Operating conditions of this biosensor have
been optimized and its characteristics are discussed. Detection limits are about 1 ppb for Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+,
Pb2+ and 10 ppb for Zn2+. The storage stability of the biosensor in buffer solution at 4 oC is more than 40
days. The biosensor has been used to assess wastewater pollution.
Keywords: Chlorella vulgaris, thin-film planar interdigitated electrodes, sol-gel immobilization, inhibitor
analysis.
Introduction. The application of biosensors for
determination of toxic compounds is a dynamic trend
in sensor research. These sensors seem to be very
promising since analytical systems based on them are
simple, rapid, and selective. They can be of great use
for air and water environmental control, food analysis,
medicine and industry, in particular as regards to heavy
metal ions, which are known to be harmful pollutants.
Heavy-metal ions toxicity to living organisms was
explained by their fixation on the thiol groups of
enzymes. This is the case of alkaline phosphatase (AP)
which is known to be inhibited by this kind of
pollutants [1].
The development of a multi-enzymatic biosensor
for the detection of different groups of pollutants
represents an important challenge. However, a
biosensor using different enzymes on a multisensor
array cannot operate in optimal conditions, since they
may be different from one enzyme to the other. Other
problems including enzyme stability and enzyme
purification cost must also be overcome. The use of
511
ISSN 0233-7657. Á³îïîë³ìåðè ³ êë³òèíà. 2007. Ò. 23. ¹ 6
Ó A. L. BEREZHETSKYY, C. DURRIEU, H. NGUYEN-NGOC,
J.-M. CHOVELON, S. V. DZYADEVYCH, C. TRAN-MINH, 2007
whole cells or microorganisms to produce a
multi-enzymatic biosensor can be a good solution,
since they contain a large number of enzymes.
Moreover, ecotoxicological information can be
obtained from the effects of pollutants on these living
organisms.
Among the tested immobilizing techniques used by
our team there are glutaraldehyde cross linking,
calcium alginate and agarose gel entrapments,
pyrrol-alginate gel electropolymerization [2–4]. All
these methods are unsuitable for our application
because of physical and chemical instability and/or
back side reactions.
Silica matrixes are relatively inexpensive to
synthesize and have interesting properties including
biocompatibility and chemical inertness [5]. Special
features of such systems are great possibilities of the
variation of the physical, chemical, and functional
properties of materials with the identical or close
composition of the reaction products. Sol-gel based
membranes also reduce side reactions compared to
conventional supports.
In this communication, the sol-gel technique has
been used to construct a conductometric biosensor
based on thin-film planar interdigitated
microelectrodes. The main benefits of such
microsensors are small size, high sensitivity, and low
power consumption [6].
Thus, the aim of our work was to create a
conductometric biosensor for heavy metal ions
determination based on entrapped in sol-gel whole cells
of Chlorella vulgaris as a sensitive element.
Materials and Methods. Chemicals. Silica sources
were sodium silicate solutions (purchased from
Riedel-de-Haen) and colloidal silica LUDOX HS-40
(«Aldrich», USA). All other reagents were purchased
from «Sigma» (USA). Zn, Cd, Co, Ni, and Pb nitrates
were used as analytes. All chemicals were of analytical
grade. AP substrate solutions of p-nitrophenylphospha-
te disodium salt (pNPP) were prepared immediately
before use.
Cell culture. The C. vulgaris strain (CCAP 211/12)
was purchased from The Culture Collection of Algae
and Protozoa at Cumbria (United Kingdom). The
axenic algal strain was grown in the culture medium
and under conditions described by the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO 8692) [7].
Sensor design. Fig. 1 shows the planar
conductometric transducer. Two identical pairs of gold
interdigitated electrodes (thickness 0.5 mm dimensions
5 ́ 30 mm) were fabricated by vacuum deposition on a
ceramic substrate (sintered aluminum oxide) at the
Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Kyiv, Ukraine. An
intermediate layer of chromium (0.1 mm thick) was
used for better gold adhesion. Each finger of the
electrode was 20 mm wide and 1 mm long, with 20 mm
spacing between fingers of the electrode in the pair. The
sensitive area of each electrodes pair was about 1 ́ 1.5
mm. To define the sensitive area of the transducer, the
central part of the chip was covered with epoxy resin.
Cell entrapment. Sodium silicate (0.4 M, 4 ml) and
colloidal silica LUDOX (8.5 M, 4 ml) were thoroughly
mixed (300 rpm) to obtain a homogeneous silica
solution. An HCl, 4 M solution was then added drop by
drop until an appropriate pH was reached to induce the
gelation process. Before gelation, an algal suspension
containing 3×108 cells/ml and 10 % (w/w) glycerol was
introduced under stirring. The resulting solution was
deposited on the sensitive surface of the measuring pair
of electrodes by the drop method (0.15 ml) to produce
silica matrixes containing algal cells. The measuring
pair of electrodes was covered with an AP active algal
membrane, while the reference pair used algal cells
with no AP activity. Gelation occurred within about
5 min at room temperature. Wet gels were aged for
24 hours at 4 °C in the mother solution in a closed flask
in order to ensure gel densification before analysis [8].
Measurements. Conductometric measurements
were performed by applying to each pair of
interdigitated electrodes a small-amplitude alternating
512
BEREZHETSKYY A. L. ET AL.
Fig. 1. The view of a conductometric microtransducer
voltage 10 mV with 100 kHz frequency generated and
analyzed by SR-830 DSP lock-in amplifier, Standford
research systems, UK [9]. The substrate concentration
was increased step-wise by adding defined volumes of
appropriate concentrated solutions. The conductivity
changes resulted from the enzymatically catalyzed
hydrolysis of pNPP. The AP inhibition by heavy-metal
ions resulted in a reduction of the biosensor sensitivity
to substrate. All measurements were carried out under
stirring at room temperature in a 2 ml glass cell filled
with working medium: 1 mM Mg(NO3)2, as AP
activator, with 10 mM Tris-nitrate buffer, pH 8.5 [10].
Biosensors were prepared each day and stored at 4 °C
between experiments. Storage was conducted in the
culture medium without phosphate ions to avoid AP
activity loss and cells growth [11, 12]. Wastewater,
collected in Chevire (France), was sterilized before
experiment at 130 °C, 1.5 bar to suppress
contaminating bacterial phosphatase activity.
Results and Discussions. Described algal
conductometric biosensor is based on the following
reaction:
phosphatase
XPO3
2– + H2O ––––® XH + HPO4
2–,
where XPO3
2– is the organic phosphate substrate and
HPO4
2– – the monohydrophosphate.
When paranitrophenyl phosphate is used as a
substrate, the product XH is paranitrophenol.
Therefore, in the presence of alkaline phosphatase,
the reaction induces a change in pH and in conductivity.
The change in conductivity can be detected with a
conductometric microtransducer. This electrochemical
method is based on measuring conductivity change of
the analyzed medium. In our case, conductivity change
results from enzymatic reaction, enzyme activity, and
also depends on the physical and chemical properties of
reaction medium.
The first step of this work was to optimize the
biosensor response as a function of algal concentrations
in the membrane (Fig. 2).
As for the algae concentrations in the membranes of
described biosensor, there is the optimal concentration
i. e. (30¸300)×106 cells/ml. It was observed that the
signal amplitude decreased at higher algae
concentrations. In this case enzymatic reactions can
only occur on the border of the membranes preventing
substrate molecules from diffusing inside and reacting
with algae situated near the sensitive areas. As a
consequence, a low signal was observed. Moreover,
513
CONDUCTOMETRIC BIOSENSOR BASED ON WHOLE-CELL MICROALGAE
Fig. 2. Dependence of
conductometric biosensor
response on algal cells
concentration in sol-gel
membrane for different
pNPP concentrations.
Measurements were con-
ducted in 1 mM Mg(NO
3
)
2
with 10 mM Tris-nitrate
buffer, pH 8.5
lower algae concentrations in membranes also give
slight conductivity variations since only a few substrate
molecules can be transformed. It is interesting to note
that for enzyme biosensors the same conclusion has
already been done [13].
Influence of substrate concentrations on biosensor
sensitivity to Cd2+ concentration has already been
observed. If the substrate concentration is small, the
signal amplitude is too small to be measured properly.
If it is higher, the sensitivity to inhibitors decreases. The
concentration of 2 mM in pNPP was chosen to prepare
our biosensor for heavy metals determination since it
provides the sufficient stable signal to substrate with
rather a good sensitivity to heavy metals.
It is well known that enzyme activity and optimal
pH are changed after immobilization particularly when
the enzymatic reaction changes the pH of the medium.
Fig. 3 shows the dependence of algal AP activity on
pH when the cells are immobilized on the
conductometric transducer. Enzyme activity of
C. vulgaris is maximal for pH 8.5 for our biosensor
response to substrate, while it was reported 10.5 for the
algae in suspension [10].
Ionic strength is one of the most influential
parameters in conductometric assays, since the ionic
species, charges and mobilities are detected using
conductometric measurements. The biosensor response
to 2 mM substrate was measured as a function of KNO3
concentrations (Fig. 4).
High KNO3 concentrations produce significant
background ions interferences and reduce response to
pNPP by decreasing the amplitude of the enzymatic
signal.
The biosensor is relatively stable for 40 days under
storage conditions (Fig. 5).
Good correlation in terms of AP storage stability
was found between the biosensor and the cells
suspension [10].
Fig. 6 shows the percentage of AP inhibition as a
function of various metal ions concentrations.
Inhibition of AP was found for ppm concentration
levels of tested metals while activation of AP activity
occurs at ppb concentration levels, except for Zn. The
activation could be explained by cellular stress: indeed,
to prevent the cell from heavy-metals damages, stress
promoters are produced inducing an increase of some
enzymatic activities [14].
The biosensor was used for the assessment of
wastewater pollution by heavy-metals. Measurements
were carried out after exposures to different
514
BEREZHETSKYY A. L. ET AL.
Fig. 3. pH-Dependence of
conductometric biosensor
response for 2 mM of pNPP.
Measurements were conducted in
1 mM Mg(NO
3
)
2
with 10 mM
Tris-nitrate buffer, pH 8.5
concentrations of the wastewater in the working
medium. Fig. 7 shows the percentage of AP inhibition
as a function of different wastewater concentrations.
Table shows concentration of some heavy metals ions
found in the wastewater using atomic absorption
spectroscopy as a reference method. For the lowest
concentrations of tested wastewater the activation of
AP activity was obtained due to the low concentration
515
CONDUCTOMETRIC BIOSENSOR BASED ON WHOLE-CELL MICROALGAE
Fig. 4. Dependence of
conductometric biosensor relative
signal decrease on ionic strength
for 2 mM pNPP. Measurements
were conducted in 1 mM
Mg(NO
3
)
2
with 10 mM Tris-nitrate
buffer, pH 8.5
Fig. 5. Dependence of the algal
biosensor response on storage life
for 2 mM pNPP. Measurements
were conducted in 1 mM Mg(NO
3
)
2
with 10 mM Tris-nitrate buffer,
pH 8.5
516
BEREZHETSKYY A. L. ET AL.
Fig. 6. Calibration curves of
conductometric algal biosensor for
different metal ions. Measu-
rements were conducted in 1 mM
Mg(NO
3
)
2
with 10 mM Tris-nitrate
buffer, pH 8.5
Fig. 7. Evolution of alkaline
phosphatase activity rate after
exposure at different concen-
trations of wastewater detected
with conductometric biosensor.
Measurements were conducted in
1 mM Mg(NO
3
)
2
with 10 mM
Tris-nitrate buffer, pH 8.5
Concentration of heavy metal ions, ppm
Zn2+ Pb2+ Co2+ Ni2+ Cd2+
740 46.6 146 3.30 0.23
Concentration of heavy metal ions found in the wastewater using atomic absorption spectroscopy
of metal ions. For higher concentrations of heavy metal
ions in wastewater samples at lower dilution a good
correlation was obtained between concentration of
samples and inhibition rate.
Conclusions. AP conductometric biosensors
consisting of interdigitated gold electrodes and algae
entrapped in sol-gel membranes formed on their
sensitive parts have been used for the assessment of
water pollution with heavy metals ions.
Optimal algal concentrations in the membranes of
the described biosensor were about (30¸300)×106
cells/ml. Optimal pH of the biosensors working
medium was 8.5.
Detection limits were about 1 ppb for Cd2+, Co2+,
Ni2+, Pb2+ and 10 ppb for Zn2+. The storage stability of
the biosensor was more than 40 days.
The sensitivity of the biosensor to ionic strength is
rather high for all conductometric sensors and can be
decreased with additional permselective membranes
[15]. The described conductometric biosensor was
successfully used for the assessment of water pollution
with heavy-metals. Further development will include
searching for ways to improve selectivity to heavy
metal ions using multi-enzymatic biosensors arrays and
multivariable correspondence analysis [16].
Añknowledgements. A part of this work was
financially supported by National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine in the frame work of Scientific and
Technical Program Sensors systems for
medical-ecological and industrial-technological
problems. A part of this work also was supported by
fellowships of French Embassy in Ukraine and also
MIRA, Rhone-Alpes region (to A. L. Berezhetskyy).
À. Ë. Áå ðå æåöü êèé, Ê. Äþðüº, Õ. Íãó åí-Íãîê, Æ.-Ì. Øî âå ëîí,
Ñ. Â. Äçÿ äå âè÷, Ê. Òðàí-Ìèí
Êîí äóê òî ìåò ðè÷ íèé á³îñåí ñîð íà îñíîâ³ ì³êðî âî äî ðîñ òåé äëÿ
îö³íêè âì³ñòó âàæ êèõ ìå òàë³â ó ñò³÷íèõ âî äàõ
Ðåçþìå
Îïè ñà íî á³îñåí ñîð äëÿ îö³íêè âì³ñòó âàæ êèõ ìå òàë³â ó âîä³.
Äëÿ éîãî ñòâî ðåí íÿ êë³òèíè Chlorella vulgaris ³ììîá³ë³çó âà ëè
íà çî ëî òèõ ïëà íàð íèõ ãðåá³í÷àñ òèõ åëåê òðî äàõ çà äî ïî ìî ãîþ
çîëü–ãåëü òåõ íî ëî㳿. Âàæê³ ìå òà ëè º ³íã³á³òî ðà ìè ëóæ íî¿
ôîñ ôà òà çè. Çà ëèø êî âó àê òèâí³ñòü ³ììîá³ë³çî âà íî ãî ôåð ìåí -
òó âèì³ðþ âà ëè â òðèñ-í³òðàò íî ìó áó ôåð íî ìó ðîç ÷èí³ çà ïðè -
ñóò íîñò³ àê òè âà òî ðà – ³îí³â ìàãí³þ. Îïòèì³çî âà íî ðî áî÷³
õà ðàê òå ðèñ òè êè á³îñåí ñî ðà. Íèæ íÿ ìåæà âèç íà ÷åí íÿ ñêëà äà -
ëà 1 ìëðä–1 äëÿ Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ òà 10 ìëðä–1 äëÿ Zn2+.
Òåðì³í çáåð³ãàí íÿ á³îñåí ñî ðà ó áó ôåð íî ìó ðîç ÷èí³ çà òåì ïå ðà -
òó ðè 4 îC áóâ á³ëüøèì, í³æ 40 ä³á. Á³îñåí ñîð âè êî ðèñ òà íî äëÿ
îö³íêè çà áðóä íåí íÿ âàæ êè ìè ìå òà ëà ìè ñò³÷íèõ âîä.
Êëþ ÷îâ³ ñëî âà: Chlorella vulgaris, òîí êîïë³âêîâ³ ïëà íàðí³
ãðåá³í÷àñò³ åëåê òðî äè, çîëü–ãåëü ³ììîá³ë³çàö³ÿ, ³íã³á³òîð íèé
àíàë³ç.
À. Ë. Áå ðå æåö êèé, Ê. Äþðüå, Õ. Íãó åí-Íãîê, Æ.-Ì. Øî âå ëîí,
Ñ. Â. Äçÿ äå âè÷, Ê. Òðàí-Ìèí
Êîí äóê òî ìåò ðè ÷åñ êèé áè î ñåí ñîð íà îñíî âå ìèê ðî âî äî ðîñ ëåé
äëÿ îöåí êè ñî äåð æà íèÿ òÿ æå ëûõ ìå òàë ëîâ â ñòî÷ íûõ âî äàõ
Ðå çþ ìå
Îïè ñàí áè î ñåí ñîð äëÿ îöåí êè ñî äåð æà íèÿ òÿ æå ëûõ ìå òàë ëîâ
â âîäå. Äëÿ åãî ñî çäà íèÿ êëåò êè Chlorella vulgaris èì ìî áè ëè çè -
ðî âà ëè íà çî ëî òûõ ïëà íàð íûõ ãðåáåí÷àòûõ ýëåê òðî äàõ ñ ïî -
ìîùüþ çîëü–ãåëü òåõ íî ëî ãèè. Òÿ æå ëûå ìå òàë ëû ÿâ ëÿ þò ñÿ
èí ãè áè òî ðà ìè ùå ëî÷ íîé ôîñ ôà òà çû. Îñòà òî÷ íóþ àê òèâ -
íîñòü èì ìî áè ëè çî âàí íî ãî ôåð ìåí òà èç ìå ðÿ ëè â òðèñ-íè -
òðàò íîì áó ôåð íîì ðàñ òâî ðå â ïðè ñó òñòâèè àê òè âà òî ðà:
èî íîâ ìàã íèÿ. Îïòè ìè çè ðî âà íû ðà áî ÷èå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè áè î -
ñåí ñî ðà. Íèæ íÿÿ ãðà íè öà îïðå äå ëå íèÿ ñî ñòàâ ëÿ ëà 1 ìëðä–1 äëÿ
Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ è 10 ìëðä–1 äëÿ Zn2+. Ñðîê õðà íå íèÿ áè î ñåí -
ñî ðà â áó ôåð íîì ðàñ òâî ðå ïðè òåì ïå ðà òó ðå 4 îC ñî ñòàâ ëÿ åò
áî ëåå 40 äíåé. Áè î ñåí ñîð èñ ïîëü çî âàí äëÿ îöåí êè çà ãðÿç íå íèÿ
òÿ æå ëû ìè ìå òàë ëà ìè ñòî÷ íûõ âîä.
Êëþ ÷å âûå ñëî âà: Chlorella vulgaris, òîí êîï ëå íî÷ íûå ïëà -
íàð íûå ãðå áåí ÷à òûå ýëåê òðî äû, çîëü-ãåëü èì ìî áè ëè çà öèÿ, èí -
ãè áè òîð íûé àíà ëèç.
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ÓÄÊ 577.15:543.555
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BEREZHETSKYY A. L. ET AL.
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-157521 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0233-7657 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:47:07Z |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publisher | Інститут молекулярної біології і генетики НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Berezhetskyy, A.L. Durrieu, C. Nguyen-Ngoc, H. Chovelon, J.-M. Dzyadevych, S.V. Tran-Minh, C. 2019-06-20T04:20:05Z 2019-06-20T04:20:05Z 2007 Conductometric biosensor based on whole-cell microalgae for assessment of heavy metals in wastewater / A.L. Berezhetskyy, C. Durrieu, H. Nguyen-Ngoc, J.-M. Chovelon, S.V. Dzyadevych, C. Tran-Minh // Біополімери і клітина. — 2007. — Т. 23, № 6. — С. 511-518. — Бібліогр.: 16 назв. — англ. 0233-7657 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/bc.000786 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/157521 577.15:543.555 Whole-cell Chlorella vulgaris conductometric biosensors consisting of gold planar interdigitated electrodes and sol-gel algal membranes have been used for assessment of heavy-metal ions in water. These analytes act as algal alkaline phosphatase inhibitors. Enzyme residual activity has been measured in Tris-nitrate buffer in the presence of Mg²⁺ ions as activator. Operating conditions of this biosensor have been optimized and its characteristics are discussed. Detection limits are about 1 ppb for Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺ and 10 ppb for Zn²⁺. The storage stability of the biosensor in buffer solution at 4 oC is more than 40 days. The biosensor has been used to assess wastewater pollution. Описан биосенсор для оценки содержания тяжелых металлов в воде. Для его создания клетки Chlorella vulgaris иммобилизировали на золотых планарных гребенчатых электродах с помощью золь–гель технологии. Тяжелые металлы являются ингибиторами щелочной фосфатазы. Остаточную активность иммобилизованного фермента измеряли в трис-нитратном буферном растворе в присутствии активатора: ионов магния. Оптимизированы рабочие характеристики биосенсора. Нижняя граница определения составляла 1 млрд ⁻¹ для Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺ и 10 млрд ⁻¹ для Zn²⁺. Срок хранения биосенсора в буферном растворе при температуре 4 оC составляет более 40 дней. Биосенсор использован для оценки загрязнения тяжелыми металлами сточных вод. Описано біосенсор для оцінки вмісту важких металів у воді. Для його створення клітини Chlorella vulgaris іммобілізували на золотих планарних гребінчастих електродах за допомогою золь–гель технології. Важкі метали є інгібіторами лужної фосфатази. Залишкову активність іммобілізованого ферменту вимірювали в трис-нітратному буферному розчині за присутності активатора – іонів магнію. Оптимізовано робочі характеристики біосенсора. Нижня межа визначення складала 1 млрд ⁻¹ для Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺ та 10 млрд ⁻¹ для Zn²⁺. Термін зберігання біосенсора у буферному розчині за температури 4 оC був більшим, ніж 40 діб. Біосенсор використано для оцінки забруднення важкими металами стічних вод. en Інститут молекулярної біології і генетики НАН України Біополімери і клітина Молекулярна та клітинна біотехнології Conductometric biosensor based on whole-cell microalgae for assessment of heavy metals in wastewater Кондуктометрический биосенсор на основе микроводорослей для оценки содержания тяжелых металлов в сточных водах Кондуктометричний біосенсор на основі мікроводоростей для оцінки вмісту важких металів у стічних водах Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Conductometric biosensor based on whole-cell microalgae for assessment of heavy metals in wastewater Berezhetskyy, A.L. Durrieu, C. Nguyen-Ngoc, H. Chovelon, J.-M. Dzyadevych, S.V. Tran-Minh, C. Молекулярна та клітинна біотехнології |
| title | Conductometric biosensor based on whole-cell microalgae for assessment of heavy metals in wastewater |
| title_alt | Кондуктометрический биосенсор на основе микроводорослей для оценки содержания тяжелых металлов в сточных водах Кондуктометричний біосенсор на основі мікроводоростей для оцінки вмісту важких металів у стічних водах |
| title_full | Conductometric biosensor based on whole-cell microalgae for assessment of heavy metals in wastewater |
| title_fullStr | Conductometric biosensor based on whole-cell microalgae for assessment of heavy metals in wastewater |
| title_full_unstemmed | Conductometric biosensor based on whole-cell microalgae for assessment of heavy metals in wastewater |
| title_short | Conductometric biosensor based on whole-cell microalgae for assessment of heavy metals in wastewater |
| title_sort | conductometric biosensor based on whole-cell microalgae for assessment of heavy metals in wastewater |
| topic | Молекулярна та клітинна біотехнології |
| topic_facet | Молекулярна та клітинна біотехнології |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/157521 |
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