Влияние высших гармоник тока на выбор токопроводов систем питания кранов
В статье проведено исследование влияние высших гармоник тока на потери напряжения и мощности в токопроводах систем питания кранов. Получены необходимые расчетные соотношения для определения параметров токопроводов при наличии высших гармоник. На примере наиболее часто встречающихся частотно-регулиру...
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| Published in: | Електротехніка і електромеханіка |
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| Date: | 2019 |
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Інститут технічних проблем магнетизму НАН України
2019
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| Cite this: | Влияние высших гармоник тока на выбор токопроводов систем питания кранов / П.Д. Андриенко, О.В. Немыкина, А.А. Андриенко // Електротехніка і електромеханіка. — 2019. — № 3. — С. 24-29. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — рос., англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859787691422384128 |
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| author | Андриенко, П.Д. Немыкина, О.В. Андриенко, А.А. |
| author_facet | Андриенко, П.Д. Немыкина, О.В. Андриенко, А.А. |
| citation_txt | Влияние высших гармоник тока на выбор токопроводов систем питания кранов / П.Д. Андриенко, О.В. Немыкина, А.А. Андриенко // Електротехніка і електромеханіка. — 2019. — № 3. — С. 24-29. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — рос., англ. |
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| container_title | Електротехніка і електромеханіка |
| description | В статье проведено исследование влияние высших гармоник тока на потери напряжения и мощности в токопроводах систем питания кранов. Получены необходимые расчетные соотношения для определения параметров токопроводов при наличии высших гармоник. На примере наиболее часто встречающихся частотно-регулируемых приводов показано, что в троллейных линиях из стальных уголков потери напряжения и мощности возрастают до 4 раз и до 1,43 раза, соответственно. Показано, что наличие нелинейной зависимости активного сопротивления стальных токопроводов от тока нагрузки и частоты приводит к увеличению расчетной величины потерь мощности по сравнению с расчетом через коэффициент искажения тока. Установлено, что величина tgφω1 может быть использована как конструктивный показатель токопровода. Наличие потерь мощности приводит к снижению КПД систем питания кранов до 7 %, что необходимо учитывать при выборе систем электропривода и его срока окупаемости.
У статті проведено дослідження впливу вищих гармонік струму на втрати напруги і потужності в струмопроводах систем живлення кранів. Отримані необхідні розрахункові співвідношення для визначення параметрів струмопроводів при наявності вищих гармонік. На прикладі найбільш розповсюджених частотно-регульованих приводів показано, що в тролейних лініях зі сталевих матеріалів втрати напруги і потужності зростають до 4 разів і до 1,43 рази, відповідно. Показано, що наявність нелінійної залежності активного опору сталевих струмопроводів від струму навантаження і частоти призводить до збільшення розрахункової величини втрат потужності в порівнянні з розрахунком через коефіцієнт спотворення струму. Встановлено, що величина tgφω1 може бути використана як конструктивний показник струмопроводу. Наявність втрат потужності призводить до зниження ККД систем живлення кранів до 7 %, що необхідно враховувати при виборі систем електроприводу і його терміну окупності.
Purpose. To study the effect of high current harmonics on the power and voltage losses in the conductive lines of the crane power supply systems and the development of an account method for this influence in practical calculations. Methodology. For research analytical methods and methods of simulation are used. Results. Analytical calculations have been performed for power losses and voltage losses for the conductors of crane power supply systems in the conditions of high harmonic generation for frequency-controlled drives.
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Electrotechnical Complexes and Systems. Power Electronics
24 ISSN 2074-272X. Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics. 2019. no.3
© P.D. Andrienko, O.V. Nemykina, A.A. Andrienko
UDC 621.316.12 doi: 10.20998/2074-272X.2019.3.04
P.D. Andrienko, O.V. Nemykina, A.A. Andrienko
HIGH CURRENT HARMONICS INFLUENCE ON THE CHOICE OF CONDUCTORS OF
CRANE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Purpose. To study the effect of high current harmonics on the power and voltage losses in the conductive lines of the crane power
supply systems and the development of an account method for this influence in practical calculations. Methodology. For research
analytical methods and methods of simulation are used. Results. Analytical calculations have been performed for power losses
and voltage losses for the conductors of crane power supply systems in the conditions of high harmonic generation for frequency-
controlled drives. Originality. For the first time, the authors have obtained the analytical expressions and graphical dependencies
in relative units for practical calculations that allow determining the effect of high harmonics to the values of power losses and
voltage losses for crane supply systems, while the parameters of steel conductors are nonlinear for load current and frequency.
We have established that the values of power losses and voltage losses increase for crane power supply systems. It is shown that
the power losses lead to a decrease the efficiency of crane supply systems up to 7 %, which must be taken into account when
choosing electric drive systems and its payback period. Practical value. The obtained theoretical expressions can be used for
calculations, design, optimization of crane power supply systems in terms of high harmonic generation. References 12, tables 2,
figures 4.
Key words: high harmonics, voltage losses, power losses, conductors, steel materials, aluminum tires, crane power systems.
У статті проведено дослідження впливу вищих гармонік струму на втрати напруги і потужності в струмопроводах
систем живлення кранів. Отримані необхідні розрахункові співвідношення для визначення параметрів струмопроводів
при наявності вищих гармонік. На прикладі найбільш розповсюджених частотно-регульованих приводів показано, що
в тролейних лініях зі сталевих матеріалів втрати напруги і потужності зростають до 4 разів і до 1,43 рази,
відповідно. Показано, що наявність нелінійної залежності активного опору сталевих струмопроводів від струму
навантаження і частоти призводить до збільшення розрахункової величини втрат потужності в порівнянні з
розрахунком через коефіцієнт спотворення струму. Встановлено, що величина tgφω1 може бути використана як
конструктивний показник струмопроводу. Наявність втрат потужності призводить до зниження ККД систем
живлення кранів до 7 %, що необхідно враховувати при виборі систем електроприводу і його терміну окупності. Бібл.
12, табл. 2, рис. 4.
Ключові слова: вищі гармоніки, втрати напруги, втрати потужності, струмопроводи, сталеві матеріали, алюмінієві
шини, системи живлення кранів.
В статье проведено исследование влияние высших гармоник тока на потери напряжения и мощности в
токопроводах систем питания кранов. Получены необходимые расчетные соотношения для определения параметров
токопроводов при наличии высших гармоник. На примере наиболее часто встречающихся частотно-регулируемых
приводов показано, что в троллейных линиях из стальных уголков потери напряжения и мощности возрастают до 4
раз и до 1,43 раза, соответственно. Показано, что наличие нелинейной зависимости активного сопротивления
стальных токопроводов от тока нагрузки и частоты приводит к увеличению расчетной величины потерь мощности
по сравнению с расчетом через коэффициент искажения тока. Установлено, что величина tgφω1 может быть
использована как конструктивный показатель токопровода. Наличие потерь мощности приводит к снижению КПД
систем питания кранов до 7 %, что необходимо учитывать при выборе систем электропривода и его срока
окупаемости. Библ. 12, табл. 2, рис. 4.
Ключевые слова: высшие гармоники, потери напряжения, потери мощности, токопроводы, стальные уголки,
алюминиевые шины, системы питания кранов.
Introduction. The main number of cranes is
powered by alternating current of power frequency, which
is decisive when choosing the type of used electric drives
of cranes. The modern state of crane production industry
is characterized by the introduction of semiconductor
converters, significantly changing the quality of the crane
electric drive, providing uniformly accelerated start and
stop of mechanisms, which contributes to the reliability
and durability of their mechanical structures and moving
parts with significant energy saving [1-3]. In most cases,
the advantage is given to the use of a variable frequency
drive (VFD). The presence of semiconductor converters
leads to the emergence of higher harmonics currents in
the power supply system of cranes (PSSC), which in turn
negatively affects the quality of electric power,
electromagnetic compatibility, leads to a drop in voltage
and power losses. When choosing a type of adjustable
drive, an economic assessment is made by comparing
their efficiency, cost, without taking into account losses in
AC PSSC, which cause deterioration of the efficiency of
the PSSC-VFD system [4-6].
The goal of the paper is to study the effect of
higher current harmonics on the power losses and
voltages in the conductors of the power supply systems of
cranes and the development of methods for taking this
influence into account in practical calculations.
Main materials of investigations.
1. Initial data. In existing practice, the AC power
supply system is mainly used, and for the implementation
of adjustable electric drives in crane installations,
controlled rectifiers with DC motors or VFDs based on a
two-stage frequency converter with an independent
voltage inverter, having an uncontrolled, controlled or
active bridge rectifier are used. The presence of bridge
rectifiers leads to the appearance of higher harmonics of
ISSN 2074-272X. Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics. 2019. no.3 25
n=6k±1 order (k is the natural number k = 1, 2, 3, 4, …)
in the AC network, which leads to an increase in the
calculated current by an amount taken into account by the
distortion coefficient ν or the harmonic factor THDI in
accordance with the requirements of International
Standards IEEE 519-1992 or IEC 61000-3-12:2012 [5-7].
To assess the effect of higher harmonics in the AC
PSSC using a two-stage frequency converter (FC), an
equivalent circuit has been used (Fig. 1). The power
source (G) in the equivalent circuit is a symmetric system
of limited power voltages. The power supply network is
simulated by successive RiLi chains.
Fig. 1. Equivalent circuit of the AC PSSC
Each chain includes a corresponding inductance and
a resistance: of a transformer – RTR LTR, of a cable line –
RKL LKL, of a section of a conductor RТ1 LТ1 – respectively
to the first crane in the span.
When modernizing cranes, the VFD circuit with the
common rectifier (R) which is located on the crane is
most often used. Depending on the type of crane,
conductors of profiled steel, aluminum tires, flexible
cables are used.
The following assumptions were made during the
analysis:
the constancy of the amplitude, the sinusoidal shape
and symmetry of the three phase voltages on the
secondary winding of the power transformer;
the inductive and active resistances of all network
elements, except the main conductor, are considered
constant and independent on current;
taking into account the influence of higher
harmonics of the current is carried out by the simulation
results for the PSSC with a VFD or by analytical
relations, while the parameters of the conductor depend
on the frequency and load current.
The choice of conductor sections is made according
to the heating condition and is checked for voltage losses
at the most distant point [8, 9].
The rated current of the conductor at non-sinusoidal
load is determined based on the value of the calculated
power (P) by the relation [9]:
nomnom U
P
U
P
I
1cos 3 3
, (1)
where Unom is the nominal voltage, Unom = 380 V;
λ, cosφ1, ν are, respectively, the power factor for the non-
sinusoidal circuit, the power factor of the main harmonic
and the distortion factor.
For crane installations with controlled rectifiers and
DC motors or two-stage frequency converters and VFD
operating in intermittent mode, the input power factor is
λ = 0.5÷0.6 [2]. Ensuring electromagnetic compatibility
(EMC) of the frequency converter (FC) with the supply
network is achieved by installing an input smoothing
reactor and/or an active rectifier. In this case, the input
power factor of the main harmonic increases and can
reach unity. Further studies were performed with
cosφ1 = 0.5÷1 [4].
In the case of generation of higher harmonics, the
calculated current of the conductor is determined by the
relation [10]:
2
1
n
n
i
II
, (2)
where In is the value of the calculated current of the
harmonic of the n-th order in conductors.
For a bridge rectifier, the relative values of the
higher harmonics of the input current are determined from
the relation:
*
1
* 11
n
nn
n
nn
f
k
n
k
I
I
kI , (3)
where kn is the coefficient taking into account the relative
value of the amplitude of the n-th harmonic at different
pulsations of the rectified current.
For the ideal rectifier Ld=∞, kn=1 the input current
distortion factor ν = 0.955.
For a three-phase bridge rectifier in the input link of
the FC and a capacitive filter, the values of higher
harmonic currents were obtained by the simulation
method [11], which was performed in the Matlab software
package (Table 1).
The relation (2) in relative units with regard to (3)
takes the form:
2
*
1
* 1
n
n
n
i f
kI . (4)
Table 1
Higher harmonic input current values
n=5 n=7 n=11 n=13 n=17 n=19 ν
In/I1, % 38.3 %12,2 % 7 % 3 % 3 % 2 % 0.926
Ld=∞, kn=1 20 % 14 % 9 % 7 % 6 % 5 % 0.955
kn 1.91 0.87 0.77 0.42 0.5 0.4
2. Determination of the parameters of conductors
taking into account higher harmonics. A feature of
conductors in terms of the generation of higher harmonics
is the dependence of their active resistance on the
magnetic permeability of the steel conductor and the
frequency of the current.
The value of the active resistance of conductors
made of corner steel is determined by the relations [9]:
50
2
500
102
3 at,159,1758,0
31 at,83,034,1758,0
1 at,84,01
f
P
S
K
K
K
S
l
KRKR
w
ww
ww
ww
t
, (5)
where S, P, l are, respectively, the section, сm2, perimeter,
сm, length, m; R0 is the ohmic resistance of steel
conductor to direct current, Ω/km; μ is the relative
magnetic permeability of steel conductor, which is
determined by the curves [10], depending on the magnetic
field strength H = 0.4πI/P, A/cm; ρ50 is the resistivity to
26 ISSN 2074-272X. Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics. 2019. no.3
direct current, Ωmm2/m; I is the current in the conductor,
A, St is the section, mm2.
For trolley lines made of corner steel 50×50×5 and
75×75×10, according to the condition of permissible
heating, the magnetic field strength values H are within
6÷23.5 A/cm, which corresponds to the value
μ = 1500÷750. According to relations (5), βw for the
frequency 50 Hz (the first harmonic) takes the values
βw1 = 3.6÷3.2 and βw1 = 6.5÷5.8, respectively. The
specified values of βw1 correspond to the coefficient
Kω1 = 5÷4.5 and Kω1 = 8.25÷7.6. Active resistance to
alternating current Rω1 = 1.5÷1.4 Ω/km and
Rω1 = 0.85÷0.78 Ω/km for corner steel 50×50×5 and
75×75×10, while the ohmic resistance of the corners to direct
current is 5 and 8.25 times less, respectively (Table 2).
The value of the inductive resistance of trolley lines
of corner steel for the first harmonic is determined by the
relation [9]:
1
1111
1 56,0 RXXXX , (6)
where X1 and X11 are the internal and external inductive
resistances of trolley lines, respectively.
The values of active and internal inductive
resistances of trolley lines made of corner steel Rω1 and
X11, according to relations (5), (6), depend on the load
current and frequency. The value of the internal inductive
resistance X1 does not depend on the load current.
Table 2
Parameters of the investigated conductors
Xω1, Ω/km
Dimensions, mm Load current, А R0, Ω/km Rω1, Ω/km
X1, Ω/km X11, Ω/km
Imax, A tgφω1
50×50×5 100/170 0.3 1.5/1.36 0.216 0.85/0.77 328 0.71/0.725
Trolleys
75×75×10 200/360 0.103 0.85/0.78 0.18 0.49/0.44 542 0.788/0.795
40×4 – 0.192 0.222 0.214 475 0.96
Tires
120×10 – 0.0255 0.0331 0.153 2070 4.6
The parameters of the most used conductors in the
form of steel trolley lines and aluminum tires for the first
harmonic are given in Table 2. Analysis of data of Table 2
shows that for trolley lines made of corner steel, tgφω1
varies in the range of 0.71÷0.795 and practically does not
depend on their section; with a slight error, tgφω1 ≈ 0.75 =
= const can be taken, while for tires, tgφω1 increases with
increasing section of tires.
Internal inductive resistance for the corners of
50×50× 5 and 75×75× 10 is in the range of 0.216÷0.18
Ω/km and with a slight error X1 ≈ 0.195 = const can be
taken.
When generating harmonic currents n≥5 in the steel
conductor, the coefficient βw, expression (5), therefore,
with an accuracy of up to 10%, Kωn ≈ 1.159βwn can be
taken.
The relative value of the active resistance of the
conductor for the harmonics of the n-th order, taking into
account expressions (5):
*
111
*
n
w
wnnn
n f
K
K
R
R
R
, (7)
where f*
n = fn/f1 is the relative frequency of the harmonic
of the n-th order; fn, f1 are the frequency of the harmonic
of the n-th order and the fundamental frequency,
respectively.
Active and inductive resistance of trolley lines for
the harmonics of the n-th order:
*
1 nn fRR , (8)
**
1
1*
1 56,0 nnnn ffRXfXX
. (9)
Using relations (8) and (9) we express the value:
*
1
**
156,0195,0
t
n
nn
n
n
n
fR
ffR
R
X
g
. (10)
At f*
n > 5, the value of the internal inductive
resistance of the trolley lines is small compared with the
external inductive resistance, therefore, with enough
accuracy for practice, it is possible to use the relation:
**
1 56,0tt nnn ffgg . (11)
Note that for aluminum tires and copper conductors
in the frequency range under study, the manifestation of
the skin effect is insignificant, therefore the tires
resistance is constant Rωn = Rω1.
The tgφωn value for harmonics of the n-th order of
aluminum tires and copper conductors is determined by
the relation tgφωn = tgφω1·f
*
n.
3. Determination of voltage losses in conductors
taking into account higher harmonics. In the general
case, the voltage losses are determined by the relation [10]:
,2
1
n
n
i
UU
(12)
where ΔUn are the voltage losses for harmonics of the n-
th order in conductors:
,100
sintcos 3
100
sincos 3
11 max
11 max
nom
nnn
nom
nnn
n
U
glRIk
U
lXlRIk
U
(13)
where In, φ1 are the current value of the n-th harmonic and
the shift angle of the main harmonic, respectively; l is the
conductor length; kmax is the coefficient taking into
account the increase in peak current relative to the
calculated value of current.
The value of cosφ1 is determined by the switching
angle γ for rectifiers installed in the input link of the FC.
Using the previously accepted assumptions, we
transform the relation (12). For steel conductors, the
relation takes the form:
ISSN 2074-272X. Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics. 2019. no.3 27
.
sintcos
sin56,0cos1
1
2
111
1
*
1
*
2
16
1
1
2
1*
g
f
f
k
U
U
U
n
n
n
kn
k
n
n
i
(15)
For aluminum tires the relation (15) takes the form:
.
sintcos
sintcos1
1
2
111
1
*
11
2*
2
16
1
*
g
fg
f
k
U
n
n
n
kn
k
(16)
In the study of voltage losses in terms of the
generation of higher harmonics, it was found that their
value is determined mainly by the product tgφω1·f
*
nsinφ1,
which is part of the function f(φ) =
= (cosφ1+tgφω1·f
*
nsinφ1).
The dependencies of the function
f(φ)=(cosφ1+tgφω1·sinφ1) for the main harmonic are
shown in Fig. 2.
a
b
Fig. 2. Dependencies f(φ) = (cosφ1+tgφω1·sinφ1)
for conductors made by trolley lines (a) and tires (b)
For trolley lines (tgφω1=0.75) at changes
0.6 < cosφ1 < 0.95, the function f(φ) can be approximated
with enough accuracy for practice by the value f(φ)≈1.2,
which greatly simplifies the calculations. The maximum
value of the function f(φ)≈1.25 takes at cosφ1=0.8.
When using tires tgφω1 varies in the range of
0.96÷4.6.
For tgφω1=0.96, at 0.5 < cosφ1 <0.95, the values
f(φ) ≈ 1.37. For tgφω1 ≥ 1.7, which is typical for tires of
50×6 mm and more, the function monotonously increases
with decreasing cosφ1. The minimum value the function
f(φ) takes at cosφ1 = 1.
The dependencies of the relative values of
ΔU*=f(cosφ1) for trolley lines and tires, calculated by
relations (15) and (16), are shown in Fig. 3. Analysis of
dependencies shows that at the same harmonic
composition of the current, the relative value of the
voltage losses in conductors of the steel corner is much
higher than in tires. This is explained by the fact that for
trolley lines the component ΔU*
n n is inversely
proportional to f*
n, and for tires to (f*
n)
2. When reducing
the shift coefficient to cosφ1 = 0.5, which is typical for
controlled rectifiers, voltage losses increase 4 times for
steel corners, and 2.5 times for tires.
a
b
Fig. 3. Dependencies ΔU*=f(cosφ1) for conductors at ν = 0.955
(solid line) and ν = 0.926 (dotted line), made by trolley lines (a)
and tires (b)
This circumstance confirms the need to take into
account the effect of higher harmonics when calculating
the voltage losses.
The decrease in the distortion coefficient ν from
0.955 to 0.926 leads to a decrease in the voltage losses in
the conductors, which indicates a non-linear dependence
of ΔU* on the amplitudes of the harmonic components of
the current curve.
Therefore, when designing PSSCs that have
semiconductor converters (rectifiers, FCs, voltage
regulators), it is necessary to determine the harmonic
composition by simulation modeling. Dependencies of
ΔU* have a number of characteristic points.
For conductors of corner steel, the relation (15) takes
the form:
- at ν ≤ 0.95 and cosφ1 = 1
*
2
16
1
* 1
1
n
n
kn
k f
kU
, (17)
28 ISSN 2074-272X. Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics. 2019. no.3
- at sinφ1 = 1 (cosφ1 = 0)
2
16
1
* 1 n
kn
k
kU
, (18)
- at kn = 1, ΔU*→ 2 .
The absolute value of the voltage losses is
proportional to the calculated value of In and the active
resistance Rωn according to (13). Since the tire resistance
is less than steel corners one, at an equal value of the
calculated current, the absolute value of the voltage drop
in the tires is significantly less.
Note that the use of cable conductors for powering
portal [12] and gantry cranes provides a significant
reduction in voltage losses due to their relatively low
tgφω1.
4. Determination of power losses in conductors
taking into account higher harmonics. The power
losses in the AC conductors for the first harmonic is
determined by the relation [9]:
11
2
1
2
11
cos 3
33
R
U
Р
RIP
nom
, (19)
where I1 is the calculated value of the main harmonic
current.
The relative value of the additional losses in the AC
conductor in the conditions of generation of higher
harmonics is determined from the relationship:
,
2**
16
11
16
1*
Σ nn
kn
k
n
kn
k IR
P
P
P
(20)
where ΔP1 are the power losses at the main harmonic in
the AC conductor.
Taking into account expressions (3) and (7), the
relative value of the additional losses in the conductor:
2*
*16
1
*
n
n
n
kn
k f
f
kP
. (21)
Relative total losses taking into account the first
harmonic:
** 1 PP . (22)
After summing up the series (21) for the conductor
under consideration at ν = 0.955, we obtain the value
ΔP*
Σ = 0.26. The relative total losses ΔΣP* = 1.26
according to (22).
When calculating using the distortion coefficient ν,
the relative total losses:
ΔΣP* = ΔP1/ν
2 = 1/ν2= 1/0.95 = 1.11.
The resulting value by the ratio (22) 1.26/1.11 = 1.135
times more compared with the well-known conventional
approach.
When the distortion coefficient ν = 0.926 according
to the data of Table 1 relative value of additional losses
according to the expression (21) ΔP*
Σ = 0.436. Relative
total losses taking into account the main harmonic
ΔΣP* = 1.436.
When calculating using the distortion factor:
ΔΣP* = 1/0.932 = 1.15.
The value of the relative total losses increase by
1.436/1.15 = 1.25 times.
In conductors made of aluminum tires (for example,
for powering portal cranes), the active resistance value is
not significantly dependent on the presence of higher
harmonics, therefore, with enough accuracy for practice,
power losses can be determined using the standard
technique: ΔΣP*= ΔP1/ν
2 = 1/ν2.
This circumstance confirms the need to take into
account the effect of higher harmonics when calculating
power losses in conductors.
5. Influence of power losses in conductors on the
efficiency of power supply systems of cranes. Figure 4
shows the dependence of the relative value of the main
harmonic power losses (ΔP1
* =ΔP1/P1) in conductors 100 m
long at load currents and the parameters of the conductors
given in Table 2 when changing the values of
cosφ1 = 0.5÷1.
The dependency analysis (see Fig. 4) shows that at
cosφ1 = 1 and l = 100 m, the relative power losses in the
trolley lines are 5% and 6.1%, respectively for the corners
50×50×5 and 75×75 ×10, for aluminum tires 1.4 % and
1.03%, respectively, for sections 40×4 mm and 120×10
mm. At cosφ1 = 0.5, the relative losses in trolley lines are
20 % and 25 %, respectively for 50×50×5 and 75×75×10,
the losses in tires are 4.1 % and 5.5 %, respectively for
sections 120×10 mm and 40×4 mm.
a
b
Fig. 4. Dependencies ΔP1
*=f(cosφ1) for conductors made by
trolley lines (a) 50×50×5 mm at Р = 59 kW (solid line) and
75×75×10 mm at Р = 125 kW (dotted line); as well as made by
tires (b), 40×4 mm at Р =100 kW (solid line) and 120×10 mm at
Р = 500 kW (dotted line)
Thus, the relative losses in trolley lines increase by
3-3.5 times as compared with tires. At real lengths of
60-70 m and the location of the nodes for feeding trolley
lines, the losses in them are 3-5 %, depending on the
angle of the corner. Taking into account the additional
losses from higher harmonics and real power factors, the
power losses increase to 4.5-7 %.
ISSN 2074-272X. Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics. 2019. no.3 29
At tire lengths up to 300 m, which is typical of gantry
cranes, the losses amount to 4.2 %, taking into account the
additional losses the power losses increase to 5 %.
This circumstance leads to a decrease in the
efficiency of the PSSC with VFD, which must be taken
into account when justifying the payback period of the
electric drive system.
Conclusions.
1. The presence of higher harmonics in the conductors
of power supply systems of cranes at changing values of
cosφ1 = 0.5 ÷ 0.95 causes:
- an increase in voltage losses of 1.8-2.5 times as
compared with sinusoidal current for tires tgφω1 and of
3.2-4 times for steel trolley lines;
- an increase in power losses of 1.26-1.43 times
compared with sinusoidal current at using steel trolley
lines.
2. It is shown that the decisive parameter affecting the
voltage and power losses is the tangent of the conductor
tgφω1, which can be used as a design parameter of the
conductor. Conductors with minimal tgφω1 have minimal
losses.
3. The presence of power losses in conductors made by
trolley lines, taking into account the additional losses
leads to a decrease in the efficiency of power supply
systems of cranes to 4.5-7 % at using trolley lines and up
to 5 % when using tires, which must be taken into account
during the feasibility study of electric drive systems. The
presence of additional losses from higher harmonics in the
power systems of AC cranes leads to an increase in the
cost of the implementation of conductors.
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Elektrosnabzheniye. [Reference energy industry enterprises.
Vol.1. Power supply]. Moscow, Leningrad, Gosenergoizdat
Publ., 1961. 840 p. (Rus).
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kontrol na promyishlennyih predpriyatiyah [Quality indicators
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Energoatomizdat Publ., 2000. 252 p. (Rus).
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Electromagnetic compatibility of power supply systems of
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Received 07.01.2019
P.D. Andrienko1, Doctor of Technical Science, Professor,
O.V. Nemykina1, Candidate of Technical Science, Associate
Professor,
A.A. Andrienko1, Postgraduate Student,
1 Zaporozhye National Technical University,
64, Zhukovsky Str., Zaporozhye, 69063, Ukraine,
е-mail: andrpd@ukr.net, olganemikina@ukr.net
How to cite this article:
Andrienko P.D., Nemykina O.V., Andrienko A.A. High current harmonics influence on the choice of conductors of
crane power supply systems. Electrical engineering & electromechanics, 2019, no.3, pp. 24-29. doi: 10.20998/2074-
272X.2019.3.04.
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-159018 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 2074-272X |
| language | Russian |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-02T11:00:40Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Інститут технічних проблем магнетизму НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Андриенко, П.Д. Немыкина, О.В. Андриенко, А.А. 2019-09-20T14:27:21Z 2019-09-20T14:27:21Z 2019 Влияние высших гармоник тока на выбор токопроводов систем питания кранов / П.Д. Андриенко, О.В. Немыкина, А.А. Андриенко // Електротехніка і електромеханіка. — 2019. — № 3. — С. 24-29. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — рос., англ. 2074-272X DOI: https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272X.2019.3.04 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/159018 621.316.12 В статье проведено исследование влияние высших гармоник тока на потери напряжения и мощности в токопроводах систем питания кранов. Получены необходимые расчетные соотношения для определения параметров токопроводов при наличии высших гармоник. На примере наиболее часто встречающихся частотно-регулируемых приводов показано, что в троллейных линиях из стальных уголков потери напряжения и мощности возрастают до 4 раз и до 1,43 раза, соответственно. Показано, что наличие нелинейной зависимости активного сопротивления стальных токопроводов от тока нагрузки и частоты приводит к увеличению расчетной величины потерь мощности по сравнению с расчетом через коэффициент искажения тока. Установлено, что величина tgφω1 может быть использована как конструктивный показатель токопровода. Наличие потерь мощности приводит к снижению КПД систем питания кранов до 7 %, что необходимо учитывать при выборе систем электропривода и его срока окупаемости. У статті проведено дослідження впливу вищих гармонік струму на втрати напруги і потужності в струмопроводах систем живлення кранів. Отримані необхідні розрахункові співвідношення для визначення параметрів струмопроводів при наявності вищих гармонік. На прикладі найбільш розповсюджених частотно-регульованих приводів показано, що в тролейних лініях зі сталевих матеріалів втрати напруги і потужності зростають до 4 разів і до 1,43 рази, відповідно. Показано, що наявність нелінійної залежності активного опору сталевих струмопроводів від струму навантаження і частоти призводить до збільшення розрахункової величини втрат потужності в порівнянні з розрахунком через коефіцієнт спотворення струму. Встановлено, що величина tgφω1 може бути використана як конструктивний показник струмопроводу. Наявність втрат потужності призводить до зниження ККД систем живлення кранів до 7 %, що необхідно враховувати при виборі систем електроприводу і його терміну окупності. Purpose. To study the effect of high current harmonics on the power and voltage losses in the conductive lines of the crane power supply systems and the development of an account method for this influence in practical calculations. Methodology. For research analytical methods and methods of simulation are used. Results. Analytical calculations have been performed for power losses and voltage losses for the conductors of crane power supply systems in the conditions of high harmonic generation for frequency-controlled drives. ru Інститут технічних проблем магнетизму НАН України Електротехніка і електромеханіка Електротехнічні комплекси та системи. Силова електроніка Влияние высших гармоник тока на выбор токопроводов систем питания кранов High current harmonics influence on the choice of conductors of crane power supply systems Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Влияние высших гармоник тока на выбор токопроводов систем питания кранов Андриенко, П.Д. Немыкина, О.В. Андриенко, А.А. Електротехнічні комплекси та системи. Силова електроніка |
| title | Влияние высших гармоник тока на выбор токопроводов систем питания кранов |
| title_alt | High current harmonics influence on the choice of conductors of crane power supply systems |
| title_full | Влияние высших гармоник тока на выбор токопроводов систем питания кранов |
| title_fullStr | Влияние высших гармоник тока на выбор токопроводов систем питания кранов |
| title_full_unstemmed | Влияние высших гармоник тока на выбор токопроводов систем питания кранов |
| title_short | Влияние высших гармоник тока на выбор токопроводов систем питания кранов |
| title_sort | влияние высших гармоник тока на выбор токопроводов систем питания кранов |
| topic | Електротехнічні комплекси та системи. Силова електроніка |
| topic_facet | Електротехнічні комплекси та системи. Силова електроніка |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/159018 |
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