Bird remains from the excavations of late medieval HodosivkaRoslavske settlement (Kyiv region, Ukraine)
The bird remains obtained during the excavations of the medieval settlement Hodosivka-Roslavske (XI/XII–XIVth cent. AD) were analyzed. Five hundred seventy four bones (of total 795 specimens) were identified as belonging to 12 species. Twenty seven bones were identified to genus level only (Anas sp....
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Tajkova, S.Yu. 2019-12-04T15:16:02Z 2019-12-04T15:16:02Z 2016 Bird remains from the excavations of late medieval HodosivkaRoslavske settlement (Kyiv region, Ukraine) / S.Yu. Tajkova // Збірник праць Зоологічного музею. — 2016. — Вип. 47 — С. 12-19. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. 0132-1102 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/161271 568.2(477.25) The bird remains obtained during the excavations of the medieval settlement Hodosivka-Roslavske (XI/XII–XIVth cent. AD) were analyzed. Five hundred seventy four bones (of total 795 specimens) were identified as belonging to 12 species. Twenty seven bones were identified to genus level only (Anas sp.). Besides, 221 bones are highly fragmented for the proper identification of their species affiliation. The identified bone fragments collected from the same layer were grouped by the number of source specimens. The majority of the processed remains are belonged to Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). All other species are represented by a handful number of bone remains (except for the Garganey Anas guerguedula, Shoveler Anas clypeata and Gadwall Mareca strepera). Были проанализированы костные остатки птиц из материалов раскопок средневекового поселения Ходосовка-Рославское (XI / XII–XIV в. н.э.). Пятьсот семьдесят четыре кости, из 795 экземпляров, отнесены к 12 видами. Двадцать семь поврежденных костных остатков были идентифицированы только до рода (Anas sp.). 221 сильно поврежденная кость осталась неопределенной. Отобранные костные фрагменты, собранные из того же слоя, были сгруппированы по количеству исходных образцов. Большинство определенных остатков принадлежат Anas platyrhynchos — 68,5 %. Все остальные виды представлены небольшим количеством остатков, за исключением Anas guerguedula — 13,6 %, Anas clypeata — 6,9 % и Mareca strepera — 2,8 %. Було проаналізовано кісткові залишки птахів з матеріалів розкопок середньовічного поселення Ходосівка-Рославске (XI / XII-XIV ст. н.е.). П'ятсот сімдесят чотири кістки з 795 належать до 12 видів. Двадцять сім пошкоджених кісткових залишків були ідентифіковані тільки до роду (Anas sp.). 221 сильно пошкоджена кістка залишилася невизначеною. Відібрані кісткові фрагменти, зібрані з того самого шару, було згруповано за кількістю вихідних зразків. Більшість визначенних залишків належать Anas platyrhynchos — 68,5 %. Решта видів представлена невеликою кількістю залишків, за винятком Anas guerguedula — 13,6 %, Anas clypeata — 6,9 % і Mareca strepera — 2,8 %. en Національний Науково-природничий музей НАН України Збірник праць Зоологічного музею Bird remains from the excavations of late medieval HodosivkaRoslavske settlement (Kyiv region, Ukraine) Костные остатки птиц из раскопок средневекового поселения Ходосовка-Рославское (Киевская область, Украина Кісткові залишки птахів з розкопок середньовічного поселення Ходосівка-Рославське (Київська обл., Україна) Article published earlier |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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DSpace DC |
| title |
Bird remains from the excavations of late medieval HodosivkaRoslavske settlement (Kyiv region, Ukraine) |
| spellingShingle |
Bird remains from the excavations of late medieval HodosivkaRoslavske settlement (Kyiv region, Ukraine) Tajkova, S.Yu. |
| title_short |
Bird remains from the excavations of late medieval HodosivkaRoslavske settlement (Kyiv region, Ukraine) |
| title_full |
Bird remains from the excavations of late medieval HodosivkaRoslavske settlement (Kyiv region, Ukraine) |
| title_fullStr |
Bird remains from the excavations of late medieval HodosivkaRoslavske settlement (Kyiv region, Ukraine) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Bird remains from the excavations of late medieval HodosivkaRoslavske settlement (Kyiv region, Ukraine) |
| title_sort |
bird remains from the excavations of late medieval hodosivkaroslavske settlement (kyiv region, ukraine) |
| author |
Tajkova, S.Yu. |
| author_facet |
Tajkova, S.Yu. |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Збірник праць Зоологічного музею |
| publisher |
Національний Науково-природничий музей НАН України |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
Костные остатки птиц из раскопок средневекового поселения Ходосовка-Рославское (Киевская область, Украина Кісткові залишки птахів з розкопок середньовічного поселення Ходосівка-Рославське (Київська обл., Україна) |
| description |
The bird remains obtained during the excavations of the medieval settlement Hodosivka-Roslavske (XI/XII–XIVth cent. AD) were analyzed. Five hundred seventy four bones (of total 795 specimens) were identified as belonging to 12 species. Twenty seven bones were identified to genus level only (Anas sp.). Besides, 221 bones are highly fragmented for the proper identification of their species affiliation. The identified bone fragments collected from the same layer were grouped by the number of source specimens. The majority of the processed remains are belonged to Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). All other species are represented by a handful number of bone remains (except for the Garganey Anas guerguedula, Shoveler Anas clypeata and Gadwall Mareca strepera).
Были проанализированы костные остатки птиц из материалов раскопок средневекового поселения Ходосовка-Рославское (XI / XII–XIV в. н.э.). Пятьсот семьдесят четыре кости, из 795 экземпляров, отнесены к 12 видами. Двадцать семь поврежденных костных остатков были идентифицированы только до рода (Anas sp.). 221 сильно поврежденная кость осталась неопределенной. Отобранные костные фрагменты, собранные из того же слоя, были сгруппированы по количеству исходных образцов. Большинство определенных остатков принадлежат Anas platyrhynchos — 68,5 %. Все остальные виды представлены небольшим количеством остатков, за исключением Anas guerguedula — 13,6 %, Anas clypeata — 6,9 % и Mareca strepera — 2,8 %.
Було проаналізовано кісткові залишки птахів з матеріалів розкопок середньовічного поселення Ходосівка-Рославске (XI / XII-XIV ст. н.е.). П'ятсот сімдесят чотири кістки з 795 належать до 12 видів. Двадцять сім пошкоджених кісткових залишків були ідентифіковані тільки до роду (Anas sp.). 221 сильно пошкоджена кістка залишилася невизначеною. Відібрані кісткові фрагменти, зібрані з того самого шару, було згруповано за кількістю вихідних зразків. Більшість визначенних залишків належать Anas platyrhynchos — 68,5 %. Решта видів представлена невеликою кількістю залишків, за винятком Anas guerguedula — 13,6 %, Anas clypeata — 6,9 % і Mareca strepera — 2,8 %.
|
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0132-1102 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/161271 |
| citation_txt |
Bird remains from the excavations of late medieval HodosivkaRoslavske settlement (Kyiv region, Ukraine) / S.Yu. Tajkova // Збірник праць Зоологічного музею. — 2016. — Вип. 47 — С. 12-19. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. |
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12 Зб. пр. Зоол. муз., 47, 2016
S. Yu. Tajkova
Introduction
The medieval Hodosivka-Roslavske settlement is located in the Kyiv-
Svyatoshinskyi district of the Kyiv region. It is characterized by a high
level of the material and spiritual culture (Gotun, Kazymir, 2010).
According to archaeological data, inhabitants of the ancient Rus
fortresses and settlements were little engaged in keeping of livestock
and poultry, while a considerable attention was paid to hunting and
fishing. Medieval people in the Eastern Europe used birds for food,
falconry, in ritual as well as for aviary specimens and pets
(Tajkova, 2009; Gorobets, Kovalchuk, in press). This is confirmed by
the osteological material found in the “kitchen waste” during the
excavations of the medieval Hodosivka-Roslavske settlement in 2010.
Most likely, the distribution of hunting for game birds was facilitated by
the successful location of this settlement (Tajkova, 2009; Kovalchuk
© S. Yu. Tajkova, 2016
UDC 568.2(477.25)
S. Yu. Tajkova
National Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Science of Ukraine,
B. Khmelnitsky str. 15, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
E-mail: tajkova@izan.kiev.ua
BIRD REMAINS FROM THE EXCAVATIONS
OF LATE MEDIEVAL HODOSIVKA-
ROSLAVSKE SETTLEMENT
(KYIV REGION, UKRAINE)
Збірник праць Зоологічного музею, 47: 12–19, 2016
The bird remains obtained during the excavations of the medieval settlement Hodosivka-
Roslavske (XI/XII–XIVth cent. AD) were analyzed. Five hundred seventy four bones (of to-
tal 795 specimens) were identified as belonging to 12 species. Twenty seven bones were identi-
fied to genus level only (Anas sp.). Besides, 221 bones are highly fragmented for the proper iden-
tification of their species affiliation. The identified bone fragments collected from the same layer
were grouped by the number of source specimens. The majority of the processed remains are
belonged to Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). All other species are represented by a handful number
of bone remains (except for the Garganey Anas guerguedula, Shoveler Anas clypeata and Gad-
wall Mareca strepera).
K e y w o r d s: birds, bones, diversity, archaeozoology, Hodosivka-Roslavske, Middle Ages,
Eastern Europe, Ukraine.
Zb. prac’ Zool. muz. (Kiïv), 47, 2016 13
Bird remains from the excavations ...
et al., in press). Surrounding reservoirs were nesting place and area where the waterfowl
stopped during the seasonal migrations. In winter, when ducks and geese were absent
there, hunters could hunt on game birds, which were abundant in the surrounding
forests.
In addition to establishing the role of hunting in the livelihood of people from the
Hodosivka-Roslavske tract, the obtained bone remains make possible to partially track
the species composition and the relative number of birds and compare it with the current
state of ornithofauna in this region.
Material and methods
In total, 795 bones and their fragments (fig. 1) were found in the Hodosivka-Roslavske
settlement during the field season in 2010. Among them, 574 were identified to species
level. Other 221 bones are broken in different directions, so they were glued together,
and (although still too damaged for proper identification to species) identified as post-
cranial bones (pelvis (n = 23) and costae (n = 10). At least 188 diaphyses of bird bones
are unidentifiable neither to species nor to skeletal parts.
Fig. 1. Bird bones from the Hodosivka-Roslavske settlement.
Appendix 1. Bird checklist based on bone remnants excavated from Khodosivka-Roslavske settlement.
14 Зб. пр. Зоол. муз., 47, 2016
S. Yu. Tajkova
Identification of the osteological material was carried out using the comparative
collection housed in the Department of paleontology (National Museum of Natural
Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine). Anatomical terminology used in
the paper follows Baumel et al. (1993). Both personal and literature data were used for
describing the biology of identified bird species (Lysenko, 1991; Stepanyan, 2003;
Mavrodin, 2005).
Results and discussion
Remains identified to species level are belonged to 12 species (tabl. 1, 2). Be-
sides, 27 bone fragments are identified to genus level, and represented by pelvis
(n = 18), furcula (n = 8), cranium (n = 1). The identified bone fragments collected from
the same layer were grouped by the number of source specimens (tabl. 1, 2).
Discussion
Examined remains of birds from the Hodosovka-Roslavske settlement are belonged to
“kitchen waste”. Most of them are represented by the bones of mallard, and the bones of
domestic fowl constitute only 0,7 % of the total number of processed bones. This may
suggest that people inhabited the Hodosivka-Roslavske settlement did not kept poultry,
although fowl was breed on the territory of Ukraine since at least from IIIrd cent. BC
(Voinstvensky, 1967).
The domestic duck originates from mallard, and the domestication took place at least
4000 years ago, during the Neolithic Despite the long time of breeding in captivity, the
bones of domestic ducks and mallards are hardly distinguishable from each other, and
the bones of domestic ducks vary insignificantly in their morphology. The only recorded
Table 1. Species list and the number of remains belonging to birds from the Hodosivka-
Roslavske settlement
Species
Number of
identifiable
specimens
%
Anser anser 1 0,2
Lyrurus tetrix 1 0,2
Corvus monedula 2 0,3
Tetrao urogallus 2 0,3
Anas penelope 3 0,5
Corvus cornix 3 0,5
Aythya ferina 4 0,7
Gallus gallus f. domestica 4 0,7
Mareca strepera 16 2,8
Anas sp. 27 4,7
Anas clypeata 40 6,9
Anas querquedula 78 13,6
Anas platyrhynchos 393 68,5
Total
574 100
Zb. prac’ Zool. muz. (Kiïv), 47, 2016 15
Bird remains from the excavations ...
difference is that the bones of recent domestic ducks are larger than those in the wild
form (Umanskaya, 1972).
Duck bones from the Hodosivka-Roslavske settlement cannot be certainly referred
either to mallard or to domestic duck based on their morphology. However most likely
these remains are belonging to mallard taking into account the following reasons:
1. inhabitants of medieval fortresses of the Kyivan Rus were mostly warriors and
urban residents who did not keep the poultry;
2. the Dnieper riverbed and system of its small tributaries around the medieval
Hodosivka-Roslavske settlement were contributed to wetland hunting;
3. very small number of domestic fowl remains suggests the absence of poultry
farming in the Hodosivka-Roslavske settlement, and thus breeding of domestic
ducks is also doubtful.
Table 2. Anatomical distribution of examined bird remains in the materials from the
Hodosivka-Roslavske
Species
C
arina sterni
C
arpom
etacarpus
C
oracoid
C
ranium
F
em
ur
F
urcula
H
um
erus
P
elvis
R
adius
S
capula
T
arsom
etatarsus
T
ibiotarsus
U
lna
С
arpom
etacarpus
T
otal
A. clypeata 3 9 1 5 2 7 10 3 40
A. penelope 1 2 3
A. platyrhyn-
chos
5 9 80 1 1 10 97 3 44 41 4 15 51 32 393
A. querquedula 8 19 5 6 7 4 12 12 5 78
Anas sp. 1 8 18 27
M. strepera 4 2 7 1 2 16
A. anser 1 1
A. ferina 2 2 4
C. cornix 1 1 1 3
C. monedula 1 1 2
G. gallus f.
domestica
1 1 1 1 4
L. tetrix 1 1
T. urogallus 1 1 2
Total 6 23 114 2 10 18 119 21 55 52 6 43 67 38 574
16 Зб. пр. Зоол. муз., 47, 2016
S. Yu. Tajkova
Though the bones of domestic fowl bones prevail in materials of excavations of other
Kyivan Rus settlements (Voinstvenky 1967; Umanskaya, 1972; Tajkova, 2009;
Gorobets, Kovalchuk, in press), such remains are almost absent at the Hodosivka-
Roslavske. The vast majority of processed bird bones from this settlement is belonged to
different species of wildducks (Anas platyrhynchos, A. querquedula), whereas other
birds are represented only by a few bones. Most likely that ducks were hunted directly,
as reared from eggs collected in nature and then nurtured by local population.
Order ANSERIFORMES
Family Anatidae
Greylag Goose, Anser anser Linnaeus, 1758
The bones of the greylag goose were found in the excavated “kitchen waste” in different
regions of Ukraine VI–Ist cent. BC. (Voistvensky, 1967). Only one bone of the greylag
goose was found in the medieval Hodosivka-Roslavske settlement. It was most likely a
wild bird because the number of bones belonging to domestic animals is rather small as
compared with the number of bones of wild ones. Unfortunately, the bones of the wild
and domestic gees are not morphologically distinguishable from each other.
Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758
Numerous bones and egg shell of mallards were found in the Quaternary deposits of the
Chernihiv region and in all Slavic settlements of the XI–XIIIth cent. AD (Voinstvensky,
1967; Tajkova, 2009; Gorobets, Kovalchuk, in press). Mallard was often used for game
breeding. The number of its remains (393) prevail and constitutes 69 % of all bones in
the studied sample (tabl. 1, see above).
Garganey, Anas querquedula Linnaeus, 1758
The bones of garganey were discovered in Slavic settlements of XI–XIIth cent. AD the
Poltava region and in the vicinities of Kyiv (Voinstvensky, 1967; Tajkova, 2009). The
bone remains of this duck (n = 78) were second after those of mallard from the Hodo-
sivka-Roslavske settlement (table 1), as well as represented by a single bone in the
sample of 2015 from this site (Kovalchuk et al., in press). The possible reason why the
garganey is less represented in the “kitchen waste” is its smaller size (as compared to
mallard) and lesser hunting attractiveness as a game bird.
Gadwall, Mareca strepera (Linnaeus, 1758)
Fossil remains of gadwalls are recorded yet from the late Paleolithic in the Novgorod-
Siverskyi site and on localities in the lower current of the Dnieper River
(Voinstvensky, 1967; Tajkova, 2009). Sixteen bone remains of this species were found
in the Hodosivka-Roslavske settlement; it may suggest that the population of this un-
common species was much denser during the Middle Ages.
Northern Shoveler, Anas clypeata Linnaeus, 1758
The northern shoveler was a traditional game bird species as evidenced by its subfossil
remains in Slavic settlements of the XI–XIIIth cent. AD from the vicinities of Kyiv
Zb. prac’ Zool. muz. (Kiïv), 47, 2016 17
Bird remains from the excavations ...
(Voinstvensky, 1967). Forty bones of this species were found in the Hodosivka-
Roslavske settlement. Such relatively big number may be explained by successful
hunting along the Dnieper migration route, as well as denser and more widespread
occurrence of the northern shoveler in the medieval time.
Widgeon, Anas penelope Linnaeus, 1758
This duck has long been used as a game species. Its remains were recorded in Slavic
settlements of the XI–XIIth cent. AD in the vicinities of Kyiv and Zhytomyr
(Voinstvensky, 1967). The bones of three individuals belonging to this species were
found among the materials from the Hodosivka-Roslavske settlement. These birds were
likely hunted during their seasonal migrations along with other ducks, likewise it is
hunted nowadays.
Common Pochard, Aythya ferina (Linnaeus, 1758)
This species has long been a game bird on the modern territory of Ukraine, which is
confirmed by findings in burials of the VI-Ist cent. BC and I-IVth cent AD in the Olbia
settlement (Voinstvensky, 1967). Four remains of the common pochard were found
among the processed bird bones. The limited number of remains belonging to this
species in the “kitchen wastes” may be explained by that it is a diving bird, and thus
more difficult to be hunted.
Order GALLIFORMES
Family Tetraonidae
Capercaillie, Tetrao urogallus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Only two bones of capercaillie were found in materials from the Hodosivka-Roslavske
settlement. This bird has a traditional game species even despite its tough meat.
Black Grouse, Lyrurus tetrix (Linnaeus, 1758)
Only one bone belonging to black grouse was found among the materials from the
medieval Hodosivka-Roslavske settlement.
Order PASSERIFORMES
Family Corvidae
Hooded Crow, Corvus cornix Linnaeus, 1758
Three bones of the hooded crow were found at the Hodosivka-Roslavske settlement.
Remnants of this species are not associated with game hunting, but rather occasional.
Jackdaw, Corvus monedula (Linnaeus, 1758)
Two bone remains of jackdaw were found in materials from the medieval Hodosivka-
Roslavske settlement. This species is common in urban areas and feed on human waste.
18 Зб. пр. Зоол. муз., 47, 2016
S. Yu. Tajkova
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Ходосівка-Рославське за матеріалами досліджень Північної експедиції 2007 р. Археологічні
дослідження в Україні. К.: НАН України: 288–290).
Umanskaya A. S. , 1972. Domestic birds from archaeological sites of Ukraine. Natural Environ-
ment and Fauna of the Past 6.: 71-95. [in Russian]. Уманская А.С., 1972. Домашние птицы из
археологических памятников Украины. Природная обстановка и фауны прошлого. Киев, 6: 71–
95.
Voinstvenskiy M. A., 1967. Fossil avifauna of Ukraine. Natural situation and ancient fauna. —
Kiev, 1: 3–76. [in Russian]. (Воинственский М. А. 1967. Ископаемая орнитофауна Украины.
Природная обстановка и фауны прошлого. Киев : Наукова думка, 3: 3–76).
С. Ю. Тайкова
КОСТНЫЕ ОСТАТКИ ПТИЦ ИЗ РАСКОПОК СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОГО ПОСЕЛЕНИЯ ХОДОСОВКА-
РОСЛАВСКОЕ (КИЕВСКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ, УКРАИНА)
Были проанализированы костные остатки птиц из материалов раскопок средневекового поселения
Ходосовка-Рославское (XI / XII–XIV в. н.э.). Пятьсот семьдесят четыре кости, из 795 экземпляров,
отнесены к 12 видами. Двадцать семь поврежденных костных остатков были идентифицированы
только до рода (Anas sp.). 221 сильно поврежденная кость осталась неопределенной. Отобранные
костные фрагменты, собранные из того же слоя, были сгруппированы по количеству исходных
образцов. Большинство определенных остатков принадлежат Anas platyrhynchos — 68,5 %. Все
остальные виды представлены небольшим количеством остатков, за исключением Anas guerguedula
— 13,6 %, Anas clypeata — 6,9 % и Mareca strepera — 2,8 %.
К л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а: птицы, кости, раскопки, археозоология, Ходосовка-Рословское, Востоная
Европа, Украина.
Zb. prac’ Zool. muz. (Kiïv), 47, 2016 19
Bird remains from the excavations ...
С. Ю. Тайкова
КІСТКОВІ ЗАЛИШКИ ПТАХІВ З РОЗКОПОК СЕРЕДНЬОВІЧНОГО ПОСЕЛЕННЯ ХОДОСІВКА-
РОСЛАВСЬКЕ (КИЇВСЬКА ОБЛАСТЬ, УКРАЇНА)
Було проаналізовано кісткові залишки птахів з матеріалів розкопок середньовічного поселення
Ходосівка-Рославске (XI / XII-XIV ст. н.е.). П'ятсот сімдесят чотири кістки з 795 належать до
12 видів. Двадцять сім пошкоджених кісткових залишків були ідентифіковані тільки до роду (Anas
sp.). 221 сильно пошкоджена кістка залишилася невизначеною. Відібрані кісткові фрагменти, зібрані
з того самого шару, було згруповано за кількістю вихідних зразків. Більшість визначенних залишків
належать Anas platyrhynchos — 68,5 %. Решта видів представлена невеликою кількістю залишків, за
винятком Anas guerguedula — 13,6 %, Anas clypeata — 6,9 % і Mareca strepera — 2,8 %.
К л ю ч о в і с л о в а: птахи, кістки, розкопки, архєозоологія, Ходосівка-Рословське, Східна Європа,
Україна.
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