Маятниковые миграции в Циркумпонтийской степи и центральной Европе в эпоху палеометалла и проблема генезиса ямной культуры

• Published in: Археологія і давня історія України
• Date: 2018
• Main Authors: Иванова, С.В., Никитин, А.Г., Киосак, Д.В.
• Format: Article
• Language: Russian
• Published: Інститут археології НАН України 2018
• Subjects: Археологія і простір
• Online Access: https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/162091
• Journal Title: Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
• Cite this: Маятниковые миграции в Циркумпонтийской степи и Центральной Европе в эпоху палеометалла и проблема генезиса ямной культуры / С.В. Иванова, А.Г. Никитин, Д.В. Киосак // Археологія і давня історія України: Зб. наук. пр. — К.: ІА НАН України, 2018. — Вип. 1 (26). — С. 101-146. — рос.

Статья посвящена проблеме происхождения и распространения ямной культурно-исторической
 общности (ЯКИО) в контексте недавно высказанной генетиками гипотезы о массовой миграции
 популяционных групп, генетически связанных с
 ЯКИО и несших в себе генетические детерминанты иранских неолитических земледельцев, охотников
 и рыболовов северного Кавказа из Понто-Каспийской степи в центральную и северную Европу в начале бронзового века. This article is dedicated to the problem of the origin
 and spread of the Yamna cultural-historical community
 (YCHC) in the context of the hypothesis recently
 expressed by geneticists about the massive migration
 of population groups genetically related to YCHC and
 carrying the genetic determinants of the Iranian Neolithic
 agrarians and hunters and fishers of the North
 Caucasus from the Ponto- Caspian steppe to central
 and northern Europe at the beginning of the Bronze
 Age. Based on an in-depth archeological and genetic
 analysis, we propose that the genetic «invasion» of the Iranian-Caucasian genetic element into Europe at
 the beginning of the Bronze Age, recently proposed by paleogenetisits on the basis of a large-scale study of
 ancient DNA, was not the result of a large-scale migration of representatives of YCHC from the Ponto-
 Caspian steppes to central and northern Europe, but the result of global population and cultural changes in
 Eurasia at the end of the Atlantic climatic optimum. We further suggest that before the steppe genetics appeared
 in Europe at the beginning of the Bronze Age, central European genetic determinants appeared in
 the steppe in the Eneolithic, and that the movement of the steppe genetic element to Europe was at least in
 part the second phase of the «pendular» migration of European expatriates, returning to the historical zone
 of habitation. We also come to the conclusion that the very concept of distinguishing YCHC as a monolithic
 entity is inappropriate, and that the groups of nomadic tribes of the Ponto-Caspian steppe most likely existed
 as discrete communities, although united by a common ideology and a genetic relationship that included both
 the Iranian-Caucasian (throughout the entire range), and European / Anatolian agricultural (locally) genetic elements.