Customizable Adaptive User Interfaces Implementation in Control and Learning Automated Systems as Way of Increasing their Reliability and Efficiency
In modern automated systems users are often facing the information overload problem because of ever increasing volumes of information requiring treatment in short time. Working in these conditions affects the system operator’s work quality and the systems’ reliability. One possible approach to solvi...
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| Опубліковано в: : | Математичне та комп'ютерне моделювання. Серія: Технічні науки |
|---|---|
| Дата: | 2018 |
| Автори: | , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Англійська |
| Опубліковано: |
Інститут кібернетики ім. В.М. Глушкова НАН України
2018
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| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Цитувати: | Customizable Adaptive User Interfaces Implementation in Control and Learning Automated Systems as Way of Increasing their Reliability and Efficiency / I.E. Furtat, Yu.O. Furtat // Математичне та комп'ютерне моделювання. Серія: Технічні науки: зб. наук. пр. — Кам’янець-Подільський: Кам'янець-Подільськ. нац. ун-т, 2018. — Вип. 17. — С. 150-156. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859950497289469952 |
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| author | Furtat, I.E. Furtat, Yu.O. |
| author_facet | Furtat, I.E. Furtat, Yu.O. |
| citation_txt | Customizable Adaptive User Interfaces Implementation in Control and Learning Automated Systems as Way of Increasing their Reliability and Efficiency / I.E. Furtat, Yu.O. Furtat // Математичне та комп'ютерне моделювання. Серія: Технічні науки: зб. наук. пр. — Кам’янець-Подільський: Кам'янець-Подільськ. нац. ун-т, 2018. — Вип. 17. — С. 150-156. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Математичне та комп'ютерне моделювання. Серія: Технічні науки |
| description | In modern automated systems users are often facing the information overload problem because of ever increasing volumes of information requiring treatment in short time. Working in these conditions affects the system operator’s work quality and the systems’ reliability. One possible approach to solving the information overload problem is to create personalized interfaces that take into account the user’s information management particularities.
В сучасних автоматизованих системах користувачі часто стикаються з проблемою перевантаження інформацією через все зростаючий обсяг інформації, що потребує обробки за обмежений час. Робота в цих умовах впливає на роботу оператора та надійність системи. Одним із можливих підходів до вирішення проблеми інформаційного перевантаження є створення персоналізованих інтерфейсів, які враховують роботи користувача з інформацією.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T16:16:32Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
Математичне та комп’ютерне моделювання
150
sis of the diagnostic value is formed on the basis of the diagonal cross sec-
tion of the Volterra kernels of the second order of feature spaces showed
that the initial region of intersection corresponding to the first three sam-
ples has the highest informative value.
Keywords: information technologies, diagnostics of continuous sys-
tems, diagnostic models, Volterra models, identification, classification, re-
liability of diagnosis.
Отримано: 29.05.2018
UDC 004.042;004.5
I. E. Furtat*, Ph. D.,
Yu. O. Furtat**, Ph. D.
* National Technical University of Ukraine
«Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Kyiv,
** Pukhov Institute for Modeling in Energy Engineering, NASU, Kyiv
CUSTOMIZABLE ADAPTIVE USER INTERFACES
IMPLEMENTATION IN CONTROL AND LEARNING
AUTOMATED SYSTEMS AS WAY OF INCREASING THEIR
RELIABILITY AND EFFICIENCY
In modern automated systems users are often facing the infor-
mation overload problem because of ever increasing volumes of in-
formation requiring treatment in short time. Working in these condi-
tions affects the system operator’s work quality and the systems’ relia-
bility. One possible approach to solving the information overload prob-
lem is to create personalized interfaces that take into account the user’s
information management particularities. System operator’s features,
which determine their preferred information representation shape and
pace, form the user’s cognitive portrait. Cognitive portrait is built as a
result of user interaction with the software diagnostic tools that are
based on the cognitive psychology methods. The effect of using per-
sonalized user interface in an automated system can be estimated by
quantifying how exactly a reduction in user response time to critical
events affects the reliability and efficiency of the system. To do this,
the formulae in the theory of reliability of complex automated systems
are used, showing the dependency between the system reliability and
critical event response time.
Key words: automated system, user interface, personalization,
interface adaptation, cognitive portrait.
Introduction. Reliability and efficiency of the modern automated
systems largely depend on operators’ manual actions. Nowadays, because
of the constant complications of automated systems operators are in a situ-
ation of information overload that affects the focus on workflow and re-
sponse time to critical events.
© I. E. Furtat, Yu. O. Furtat, 2018
Серія: Технічні науки. Випуск 17
151
To solve this problem in modern computer systems attempts have
been made to increase the effectiveness of user interaction with the work-
place interface. A variety of approaches is used: organizational, ergonomic
and more. However, they do not always give satisfactory results because
they do not take into account the individual characteristics of users, focus-
ing on some «average» user account.
Consequently, it was necessary to create system that allows you to
personalize the user interaction with the system, implements the mecha-
nism of diagnosing physiological and cognitive user characteristics to take
them into account together with the user actions peculiarities in the con-
struction of the adaptive interface.
Method. Message formal characteristics include: content, form, tem-
po and rhythm of the flow of information (intervals between individual
messages, regularity of income, etc.) [6]. Fig. 1 shows the stages of human
information processing of information from the external environment (or
by the user — from the system)
Fig. 1. Process of human perception of information from the environment
The results of experimental studies suggest that the phase of the ini-
tial situation representation holds a special place [5].
Thus, as the form of information representation is an essential factor
that provides the perception, understanding and assimilation of infor-
mation from the system, it can be seen as a way to manage the activities of
the user. It is known that, while studying the material, people treat its con-
tent, form and shape selectively [1–3].
In addition to the preferred information representation form, each us-
er possesses a number of characteristics that affect the pace and intensity
of information flow from the system to the user.
These characteristics are divided into cognitive, physiological and in-
tellectual.
Математичне та комп’ютерне моделювання
152
Cognitive characteristics largely determine the speed at which the us-
er is guided in the new information and switch between different types of
activities. They are field dependence, equivalence range, impulsiveness
and intellectual lability.
For each of these characteristics within cognitive psychology have
been developed appropriate diagnostic techniques, many of which are suf-
ficiently formalized to be implemented as a part of the automated charac-
teristics diagnostic subsystem.
To assess the psychophysiological state of the user often are uses op-
tions such as his attitude to risk, quality of memory and attention. In this
case, the testing impact reaction time and the responses errors should al-
low to evaluate concentration and coordination of user actions, because
these depend on personal characteristics [7].
Intelligent features include the level of IQ and EQ (intelligence and
emotional intelligence quotient, respectively) [4]. Although the coefficient
of emotional intelligence is associated with the value of IQ, there is no
direct relationship, namely the value of EQ determines predisposition to
creativity when working with information. This characteristic is very im-
portant for users of design and training systems.
Nowadays cognitive portraits of the automated systems users are cre-
ated based on professional psychological testing. But this method has two
major drawbacks. First, it requires the participation of a professional psy-
chologist, and the number of automated systems and their operators is
growing faster than in an equal number of professional psychologists can
be prepared. Secondly, this testing is not operational, it is a separated from
the user's work process and workplace.
Both of these drawbacks can be eliminated by introducing an auto-
matic testing subsystem into the interface adaptation system. Scheme of a
possible implementation of this subsystem is shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Users’ characteristics’ diagnostics system
Серія: Технічні науки. Випуск 17
153
User testing is conducted both explicitly (during performing of tests) and
in the background when on the computer workstations are monitored indica-
tors such as speed of action or response to the changing situation. In both cas-
es, user characteristics information is treated by a separate testing system
module and supplements or modifies an initial cognitive profile that is used for
further user interface management system work. This way — through modify-
ing user interface and observing the performance changes with it (which is
reflected in increasing responsiveness and reducing the number of errors when
dealing with information) can the finite number of steps of the iterative pro-
cess be taken to optimize the form of the interface for a particular user (in the
case of interfaces with automatic adjustment).
To evaluate the effect of the use of the adaptive user interface in the
automated system, we have to determine how reducing user response time
to critical events affects reliability and efficiency of the system.
Let us assume that the automated system is effective if time T1 actually
spent on handling critical events does not exceed the maximum allowable time
T2. Moreover, the time T consists of the time of critical events occurrence and
time of reacting on them. Then the condition of system efficiency can be writ-
ten (T and T2 are considered random values) as the probability P:
2 1 0 ,P T T a (1)
where a is a probability with which the efficiency of the system is
guaranteed.
The values of T1 and T2 are determined by skills and cognitive and
psychophysiological state of the staff. On the basis of (1) we have
1 2
0 0
,P T T F t dG t F t g t dt
(2)
where the distribution function of the random variable F(t) and G(t) are
defined as follows:
1 2; ; .F t P T t G t P T t g t G t (3)
Formulas (2) and (3) can be used with any laws of distribution of
random variables T1 and T2, taking only positive values and have a density
distribution of zero for negative values of the argument. However, these
formulas are derived based on the fact that there is no more than one criti-
cal situation during the operation or task.
In the real conditions during the task with duration t critical situation
may occur repeatedly. In this case, the performance of the automated sys-
tem for a given time of the assignment will be provided with the following
possible events: no critical situation, there is one critical situation that has
been processed in the allowable time, there were two critical situations,
each of which has also been removed in the allowable time.
Математичне та комп’ютерне моделювання
154
Let’s define i (i = 0, 1, ...) as the time interval between the i-th and
the (i + 1)-th event, and Fi(t) = Pi t — as the distribution function of
i. Let’s assume that the flow of events forms a stream with limited after-
effect (i are independent in total). Then according to the definition of sys-
tem failure by the formula of total probability the probability of the func-
tioning over time t can be written as:
1
11
1
1 1 110 0 0
,
k
s
s
t x
t xt kk s
k s s s l
k s ls
P t F t F t x dF x W t x
(4)
wher e 1 .i iF t F t
Here W(t) — the probability that an event that occured at some time,
will not lead in time t to irreparable situation. Let’s determine this proba-
bility. Obviously,
2 1 2
0 0
.
t
W t P T t P T u dP T u G t F u dG u
(5)
Expression (5) is obtained under the assumption that every event is
handled independently. It is often assumed that the flow of critical system
events forms the simplest form of flow with parameter . In this case,
1 for 0,
0 for 0.
t
i
e t
F t
t
(6)
Substituting (6) into equation (4), we obtain the desired probability:
1
11
1 110 0 0
.
k
s
s
t x
t xt k s
t k t
l s
k ls
P t e e W t x dx
(7)
In the real conditions, sometimes there is a situation where only
one event can be treated and the presence of two critical events in the
system leads to failure. Obviously, the appearance of some events at
the moment
1
s
l
l
x
will not result in an accident either when
2
1
s
l
l
T t x
while 1
1
s
s l
l
x t x
, meaning more critical events have
not appeared within time t and the allowable time T2 is large enough, or
when the next event happens before the moment t, i.e. 1
1
s
s l
l
x t x
, but
previous event has been so far treated before allowable time T2. In other
words, in this case there is a situation
Серія: Технічні науки. Випуск 17
155
1 1 2min , .sT x T (8)
In the first case, the probability of failure equals
1
,
s
l
l
W t x
in the
second case the probability of situation (8) is as follows:
1
*
1
0
.
s
x
sW x G x dF x
(9)
Equations (7) and (4) take the form
1
1 1
*
1
1 1 11 10 0
,
k
s
s
t x
t k kk k
k s s s s s
k s ss s
P t F t F t x dF x W x W t x
1
1 1
*
1
1 110 0
.
k
s
s
t x
t k k
t t k
s s k
k ss
P t e e W x W t x dx dx
Result. Probability (9) is an important component in both final ex-
pressions. It depends on the values of T1, T2 and values of moments
1
s
l
l
x
.
The values of moments are random, the value of T2 is defined by the or-
ganizational requirements and features of the workflow. The easiest way
to influence the performance efficiency of the automated systems is by
changing (decreasing) values of T1. This value depends on the specifics of
processing information from the system by the user and the comfort level
of the working with information. Since user interacts with the information
in the s through the user interface interact, the convenience and efficiency
of the interface affects the important parameter T1.
Discussion. Proposed approach to the personalized user interfaces
construction allows automated systems to be tailored to suit specific cogni-
tive portraits and adapt interaction with information in the system to these
features. This can increase the user’s comfort level when working with
information, reduce information overload, improve concentration and time
of reaction to critical events. As the value of user response time affects the
overall reliability and efficiency of the system, we can expect that the use
of adaptive personalized user interfaces will increase the reliability and
efficiency of automated systems.
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6. Turzin P. S. Urovni ponimanija informacii i struktura kommunikativnogo ak-
ta / P. S. Turzin, V. A. Ponomarenko, S. L. Rysakova-Romashkan // Psiholog-
icheskij zhurnal. — 1992. — Vol. 13. — № 1. — P. 30–39.
7. Verlan A. F. Osobennosti operativnogo testirovanija na rabochem meste operatorov
sistem podderzhki prinjatija reshenij (SPPR) / A. F. Verlan, M. F. Sopel,
Yu. O. Furtat // Sbornik nauchnyh trudov «Matematichne ta komp’juterne model-
juvannja. Serіja: Tehnіchnі nauki». — Kamenec-Podol's'kij : Kamenec-Podol's'kij
nacional'nyj universitet im. Ivana Ogienko, 2010. — Iss. 3. — P. 37–45.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ НАСТРОЮВАНОГО ІНТЕРФЕЙСУ
КОРИСТУВАЧА В АВТОМАТИЗОВАНИХ СИСТЕМАХ
КОНТРОЛЮ ТА НАВЧАННЯ ЯК ШЛЯХ ДО ПІДВИЩЕННЯ
ЇХ НАДІЙНОСТІ ТА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ
В сучасних автоматизованих системах користувачі часто стикаються
з проблемою перевантаження інформацією через все зростаючий обсяг
інформації, що потребує обробки за обмежений час. Робота в цих умовах
впливає на роботу оператора та надійність системи. Одним із можливих
підходів до вирішення проблеми інформаційного перевантаження є ство-
рення персоналізованих інтерфейсів, які враховують роботи користувача
з інформацією. Особливості оператора системи, які визначають її бажану
форму та швидкість подання, утворюють когнітивний портрет користу-
вача. Когнітивний портрет будується в результаті взаємодії користувача з
діагностичними інструментами програмного забезпечення, що базується
на методах когнітивної психології. Ефект використання персоналізовано-
го користувацького інтерфейсу в автоматизованій системі можна оцінити,
кількісно визначивши, як саме зменшення часу відгуку користувача на
критичні події впливає на надійність та ефективність системи. Для цього
використовуються формули в теорії надійності складних автоматизова-
них систем, що показують залежність між надійністю системи та критич-
ним часом реакції на події.
Ключові слова: автоматизована система, інтерфейс користу-
вача, персоналізація, адаптація інтерфейсу, когнітивний портрет.
Отримано: 22.05.2018
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-162159 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 2308-5916 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T16:16:32Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Інститут кібернетики ім. В.М. Глушкова НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Furtat, I.E. Furtat, Yu.O. 2020-01-03T14:08:16Z 2020-01-03T14:08:16Z 2018 Customizable Adaptive User Interfaces Implementation in Control and Learning Automated Systems as Way of Increasing their Reliability and Efficiency / I.E. Furtat, Yu.O. Furtat // Математичне та комп'ютерне моделювання. Серія: Технічні науки: зб. наук. пр. — Кам’янець-Подільський: Кам'янець-Подільськ. нац. ун-т, 2018. — Вип. 17. — С. 150-156. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. 2308-5916 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/162159 004.042;004.5 In modern automated systems users are often facing the information overload problem because of ever increasing volumes of information requiring treatment in short time. Working in these conditions affects the system operator’s work quality and the systems’ reliability. One possible approach to solving the information overload problem is to create personalized interfaces that take into account the user’s information management particularities. В сучасних автоматизованих системах користувачі часто стикаються з проблемою перевантаження інформацією через все зростаючий обсяг інформації, що потребує обробки за обмежений час. Робота в цих умовах впливає на роботу оператора та надійність системи. Одним із можливих підходів до вирішення проблеми інформаційного перевантаження є створення персоналізованих інтерфейсів, які враховують роботи користувача з інформацією. en Інститут кібернетики ім. В.М. Глушкова НАН України Математичне та комп'ютерне моделювання. Серія: Технічні науки Customizable Adaptive User Interfaces Implementation in Control and Learning Automated Systems as Way of Increasing their Reliability and Efficiency Застосування настроюваного інтерфейсу користувача в автоматизованих системах контролю та навчання як шлях до підвищення їх надійності та ефективності Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Customizable Adaptive User Interfaces Implementation in Control and Learning Automated Systems as Way of Increasing their Reliability and Efficiency Furtat, I.E. Furtat, Yu.O. |
| title | Customizable Adaptive User Interfaces Implementation in Control and Learning Automated Systems as Way of Increasing their Reliability and Efficiency |
| title_alt | Застосування настроюваного інтерфейсу користувача в автоматизованих системах контролю та навчання як шлях до підвищення їх надійності та ефективності |
| title_full | Customizable Adaptive User Interfaces Implementation in Control and Learning Automated Systems as Way of Increasing their Reliability and Efficiency |
| title_fullStr | Customizable Adaptive User Interfaces Implementation in Control and Learning Automated Systems as Way of Increasing their Reliability and Efficiency |
| title_full_unstemmed | Customizable Adaptive User Interfaces Implementation in Control and Learning Automated Systems as Way of Increasing their Reliability and Efficiency |
| title_short | Customizable Adaptive User Interfaces Implementation in Control and Learning Automated Systems as Way of Increasing their Reliability and Efficiency |
| title_sort | customizable adaptive user interfaces implementation in control and learning automated systems as way of increasing their reliability and efficiency |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/162159 |
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