Дерев'яні склепи ранньоскіфського часу в курганах Середнього Подністров'я

• Published in: Археологія і давня історія України
• Date: 2018
• Main Author: Гуцал, А.Ф.
• Format: Article
• Language: Ukrainian
• Published: Інститут археології НАН України 2018
• Subjects: Статті
• Online Access: https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/162239
• Journal Title: Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
• Cite this: Дерев'яні склепи ранньоскіфського часу в курганах Середнього Подністров'я / А.Ф. Гуцал // Археологія і давня історія України: Зб. наук. пр. — К.: ІА НАН України, 2018. — Вип. 2 (27). — С. 51-63. — Бібліогр.: 40 назв. — укр.

На території Середнього Подністров'я досліджено понад сотню курганів ранньоскіфського часу.
 Стаття присвячена характеристиці стовпових дерев'яних склепів, які розміщувалися в насипах і виконували роль не тільки поховальних споруд, а були й храмами, де здійснювалися різного роду ритуали. The study of the early-Scythian burial mounds in the
 Middle Dniester region began at the end of the nineteenth
 century many researchers. The results of their
 work were summed up in the monograph of T. Sulimirsky,
 published in 1936. Over the next decades, this
 work was continued by G. Melyukova, G. Smirnova,
 L. Krushelnytska, J. Maleev, M. Bandrivsky, A. Gutsal. The burial mounds were explored in the villages
 of Lenkivtsi, Dolinyan, Perebykivtsi, Vrublivka, Zozulintsi, Kolodiyaka, Kotsiubynchy, Loevtsi, Malinovka,
 Minkivtsi, Myshkivtsi, Sokilets, Spasivka, Tarasivka, Teklka, Shvaykivtsi, Shutnivtsi and others. The number
 of mounds studied for the whole period of excavation now exceeds 125. There was an opportunity to more fully
 understand the peculiarities of the burial rite of the local population of that time, in particular, to assimilate
 the nature of such burial structures in the mound as a pillar wooden vault. As calculations show, about 38 % of
 burial mounds contained such buildings. Their construction consisted of wooden piles sunken in the ground, the
 number of which varied from 4 to 35, and wooden logs or wheels, which were walls and roof, and which were supported
 by pillars. Such a crypt could be built on the level of the ancient horizon, could be slightly entwined in the
 ground (up to 0.5 m), or lowered into a pit at 1—1.2 m. Most of the crypts after the completion of all the ritual
 ceremonies over the burial, burned. The peculiarity of the Transnistrian mounds was that there were stones
 in all the embankments, which strengthened the mound and was a constructive part of the crypt.