Monitoring of glacier frontal parts on Galindez and Winter Islands (the Argentine Islands) in 2018—2019 years
The work presents an analysis of climate variability and glaciological changes of the Antarctic Peninsula and the results of glacier monitoring on Galindez Island and Winter Island (the Argentine Islands in the Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctic Peninsula) in 2018—2019. The main objective of research w...
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| Cite this: | Monitoring of glacier frontal parts on Galindez and Winter Islands (the Argentine Islands) in 2018—2019 years / Kh.I. Marusazh, V.M. Hlotov, Z. Siejka // Український антарктичний журнал. — 2019. — № 2 (19). — С. 26-37. — Бібліогр.: 33 назв. — англ. |
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Marusazh, Kh.I. Hlotov, V.M. Siejka, Z. 2020-04-30T11:20:56Z 2020-04-30T11:20:56Z 2019 Monitoring of glacier frontal parts on Galindez and Winter Islands (the Argentine Islands) in 2018—2019 years / Kh.I. Marusazh, V.M. Hlotov, Z. Siejka // Український антарктичний журнал. — 2019. — № 2 (19). — С. 26-37. — Бібліогр.: 33 назв. — англ. 1727-7485 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/168327 528.06/528.72 The work presents an analysis of climate variability and glaciological changes of the Antarctic Peninsula and the results of glacier monitoring on Galindez Island and Winter Island (the Argentine Islands in the Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctic Peninsula) in 2018—2019. The main objective of research was to determine how the volumes of glaciers changed in 2018—2019 in the course of a complex study. У статті представлено аналіз кліматичних та гляціологічних змін Антарктичного півострова та результати моніторингу льодовиків на островах Галіндез та Вінтер (Аргентинські острови Архіпелагу Вільгельма, Антарктичний півострів) за період 2018—2019 рр. Метою роботи було визначення змін поверхневих об’ємів льодовиків на островах Галіндез та Вінтер за результатами комплексних досліджень за період 2018—2019 рр. en Національний антарктичний науковий центр МОН України Український антарктичний журнал Геолого-геофізичні дослідження Monitoring of glacier frontal parts on Galindez and Winter Islands (the Argentine Islands) in 2018—2019 years Моніторинг виходів льодовиків островів Галіндез та Вінтер (Аргентинські острови) у 2018—2019 роках Article published earlier |
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Monitoring of glacier frontal parts on Galindez and Winter Islands (the Argentine Islands) in 2018—2019 years |
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Monitoring of glacier frontal parts on Galindez and Winter Islands (the Argentine Islands) in 2018—2019 years Marusazh, Kh.I. Hlotov, V.M. Siejka, Z. Геолого-геофізичні дослідження |
| title_short |
Monitoring of glacier frontal parts on Galindez and Winter Islands (the Argentine Islands) in 2018—2019 years |
| title_full |
Monitoring of glacier frontal parts on Galindez and Winter Islands (the Argentine Islands) in 2018—2019 years |
| title_fullStr |
Monitoring of glacier frontal parts on Galindez and Winter Islands (the Argentine Islands) in 2018—2019 years |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Monitoring of glacier frontal parts on Galindez and Winter Islands (the Argentine Islands) in 2018—2019 years |
| title_sort |
monitoring of glacier frontal parts on galindez and winter islands (the argentine islands) in 2018—2019 years |
| author |
Marusazh, Kh.I. Hlotov, V.M. Siejka, Z. |
| author_facet |
Marusazh, Kh.I. Hlotov, V.M. Siejka, Z. |
| topic |
Геолого-геофізичні дослідження |
| topic_facet |
Геолого-геофізичні дослідження |
| publishDate |
2019 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Український антарктичний журнал |
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Національний антарктичний науковий центр МОН України |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
Моніторинг виходів льодовиків островів Галіндез та Вінтер (Аргентинські острови) у 2018—2019 роках |
| description |
The work presents an analysis of climate variability and glaciological changes of the Antarctic Peninsula and the results of glacier monitoring on Galindez Island and Winter Island (the Argentine Islands in the Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctic Peninsula) in 2018—2019. The main objective of research was to determine how the volumes of glaciers changed in 2018—2019 in the course of a complex study.
У статті представлено аналіз кліматичних та гляціологічних змін Антарктичного півострова та результати моніторингу льодовиків на островах Галіндез та Вінтер (Аргентинські острови Архіпелагу Вільгельма, Антарктичний півострів) за період 2018—2019 рр. Метою роботи було визначення змін поверхневих об’ємів льодовиків на островах Галіндез та Вінтер за результатами комплексних досліджень за період 2018—2019 рр.
|
| issn |
1727-7485 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/168327 |
| citation_txt |
Monitoring of glacier frontal parts on Galindez and Winter Islands (the Argentine Islands) in 2018—2019 years / Kh.I. Marusazh, V.M. Hlotov, Z. Siejka // Український антарктичний журнал. — 2019. — № 2 (19). — С. 26-37. — Бібліогр.: 33 назв. — англ. |
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2025-11-24T11:38:45Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-11-24T11:38:45Z |
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| fulltext |
26
Cite: Marusazh Kh. I., Hlotov V. M., Siejka Z. Monitoring of glacier
frontal parts on Galindez and Winter islands (the Argentine Is-
lands) in 2018—2019. Ukrainian Antarctic Journal, 2019. № 2 (19),
26—37.
UDC 528.06/528.72
Kh. I. Marusazh 1, 2, *, V. M. Hlotov 1, Z. Siejka 3
1 Institute of Geodesy, Lviv Polytechnic National University,
6 Karpinskogo Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine
2 State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine,
16 Taras Shevchenko Blvd., Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
3 University of Agriculture in Krakow, Adam Mickiewicz Alley 21, 31—120, Krakow, Poland
* Corresponding author: kh.marusazh@gmail.com
Monitoring of glacier frontal parts on Galindez and Winter islands
(the Argentine Islands) in 2018—2019
Abstract. The work presents an analysis of climate variability and glaciological changes of the Antarctic Peninsula and the results
of glacier monitoring on Galindez Island and Winter Island (the Argentine Islands in the Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctic Pen-
insula) in 2018—2019. The main objective of research was to determine how the volumes of glaciers changed in 2018—2019 in
the course of a complex study. Methods. The material of the Ukrainian seasonal expedition of 2018—2019 was used: terrestrial
laser scanning data of 2018, terrestrial digital photography of 2018 and 2019 and an unmanned aerial vehicle survey of 2019. The
technique used to determine changes in the volumes of glaciers can significantly improve both the speed and accuracy of the
measurements. It included complementary processing of scanning data and digital photography of 2018, and digital photogra-
phy and aerial survey of 2019. Results. Changes in the volumes of glaciers were 36 000 m3 for the western part of the glacier on
Galindez Island, 1 100 m3 for the southern part of the glacier on Galindez Island, and 9 800 m3 for the southern part of the gla-
cier on Winter Island. Conclusions. The results demonstrate significant changes since 2002. This is confirmed quantitatively by
independent studies of the West of the peninsula. Monitoring of the dynamics of glacier volumes enables detection of climatic
and glaciological changes in the Antarctic region.
Keywords: glacier, terrestrial laser scanning, stereophotogrammetry.
ISSN 1727-7485. Український антарктичний журнал. 2019, № 2 (19)
INTRODUCTION
The Antarctic ice cover is a complex natural system
whose internal dynamics is sensitive to both atmos phe-
ric and oceanic influences. A deeper understanding
of the underlying processes may have a profound im-
pact on the development of prognostic models.
The volume of the Antarctic ice translates into the
equivalent of 57.2 m of sea level. Annual snowfall
con tributes 2100 Gt, except for shelf glaciers, which
is equivalent to a 5.8 mm fluctuation of sea level (van
Wessem et al., 2018). In a mass equilibrium state,
snowfall accumulation should balance surface abla-
tion and ice loss off the periphery into the Southern
Ocean. However, the overall loss of the Antarctic gla-
cier cover has increased from 40 ± 9 Gt/yr in 1979–
1990 to 50 ± 14 Gt/yr in 1989–2000 to 166 ± 18 Gt/
yr in 1999–2009 and then to 252 ± 26 Gt/yr in 2009–
2017 (Rignot et al., 2019). The average contribution
of the Antarctic to sea level rise has been 3.6 ± 0.5 mm
per decade with accumulation of 14.0 ± 2.0 mm since
1979, including 6.9 ± 0.6 mm from West Antarctica,
4.4 ± 0.9 mm from East Antarctica and 2.5 ± 0.4 mm
from the Antarctic Peninsula (AP).
The reason for such a global loss of the ice cover
has been climate change. A significant change, or to
be precise, significant warming, has been registered
in the AP region. The late XX century was characte-
27ISSN 1727-7485. Український антарктичний журнал. 2019, № 2 (19)
Monitoring of glacier frontal parts on Galindez and Winter islands (the Argentine Islands) in 2018—2019
rized by elevations in surface temperatures, melting
of glaciers and increased snowfall (Thomas, Tetzner,
2018). The strongest trends toward climate warming
are observed in the west and north of the Peninsula;
the region exhibits the most drastic year-to-year vari-
ation on the entire continent (Turner et al., 2014).
Notably, the highest statistically significant trend of
+0.54 °C per decade has been recorded at Akademik
Vernadsky station (1951–2011).
The progressive rise in air temperature is connect-
ed with a sequence of glacial events on the AP in the
1990s (Silva et al., 2014), such as iceberg calving, frag-
mentation of shelf glaciers (Kunz et al., 2012), al te-
ra tions in the height of the snow line, collapse and mel-
ting of shelf glaciers (Cook et al., 2005; Cook et al.,
2014). The observed changes indicate that the AP ra pid ly
reacts to climate change. Yet the changes are not uni-
form across the region (Shepherd et al., 2012).
The tendency towards the largest change is cha-
racteristic of the north of the AP, then the west and
the islands. In terms of area reduction, the most loss
is seen in shelf glaciers. According to observations
(Silva et al., 2020), 60% of the AP glaciers are shrink-
ing, 25% are growing in size, and 7% are fluctuating.
The melting of most glaciers confirms that the penin-
sula loses more ice mass than it receives, so the pro-
cess is unbalanced (Cook et al., 2014).
The North-West region of the AP has undergone
the most pronounced changes; 74% of glaciers there
reduced in size in 2000—2015. Of the 94 glaciers, 69
lose frontal area and 80 are outlet glaciers, meaning
that 85% are more sensitive to frontal change.
Due to the gradual rise in air temperature, western
AP underwent the most dramatic change in the height
of dry snow line between 1995 and 2005. Studies ana-
lyzing 244 glaciers on the western coast of the AP
showed that between 1945 and 2004, approximately
87% reduced in size (Cook et al., 2005). In general,
the model is consistent with melting due to gradual
warming of the atmosphere, but its speed suggests the
process is not the only factor of the deglaciation.
Despite the tendencies toward regional warming in
the west of the AP at the end of the XX century, the mean
annual temperature decreased during 1999–2014 at a
statistically significant rate (<5%) (Turner et al., 2016).
The trend toward smaller increases in temperature
(Fig. 1) has also been recorded at Akademik Vernad-
sky station (2000–2019) (according to Antarctic Me-
teorology Online from the British Antarctic Survey).
One hypothesis is that the rapid warming after the
1950s and further reduction in temperature increases af-
ter late 1990s are not connected with global changes in
temperature but reflect a large-scale natural variation in
the regional atmosphere circulation. This underscores the
need for longer observations of temperatures and other
meteorological parameters in order to evaluate regional
climate variability (Sobota et al., 2015).
Climate change might cause loss of ice mass lead-
ing to a rise in sea level. In order to isolate this factor,
short-scale fluctuations in snow accumulation are ta-
ken into account while measuring the thickness of ice
cover (Shepherd et al., 2019). Researchers note that
the strongest trend toward accumulation of the snow
cover is seen at the AP (Thomas et al., 2017). Increa-
sed snow cover complicates remote sensing studies.
Therefore, field measurements are required to
verify the results (Wang et al., 2017).
So, as it can be seen, monitoring of glaciers is very im-
portant and reveals the need for long-term observations
to establish patterns of changes in the volume of glaciers
for assessing the variability of the regional climate.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Terrestrial digital photography (TDP) and terrestrial
laser scanning (TLS) are used for monitoring of is-
Fig. 1. Average annual temperatures on Akademik Vernadsky
station for 2000—2019
2000
0
–1
–2
–3
–4
–5
2005 2010 2015 2020
A
ve
ra
g
e
a
n
n
u
a
l
te
m
p
e
ra
tu
re
s,
°
С
28 ISSN 1727-7485. Ukrainian Antarctic Journal. 2019, № 2 (19)
Kh. I. Marusazh, V. M. Hlotov, Z. Siejka
land glaciers and their frontal parts. A technique based
on the use of digital stereophotogrammetric photogra-
phy and terrestrial laser scanning is proposed. The use
of a complementary methodology can significantly in-
crease the speed of measurements of glacier surfaces
and the accuracy of quantitative parameters of the ob-
jects of study. The general layout is given in Fig. 2.
Another approach to observation of melting glaciers is
to apply current means of remote surveys, such as images
taken by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). In view of this,
the complex method has been modified for the use of ter-
restrial digital stereophotogrammetric and UAV survey.
The data were collected by season expeditions of
2018—2019; TLS was done in 2018, TDP in 2018 and
Fig. 2. Technological scheme of the complex method
DETERMINATION OF SURFACE VOLUME CHANGE
Determination of surface volumes change
Data analysis and post-processing
Field measurements
Creation of a Technical Project
Determination of TLS parameters
Planning the placement of scanner and reference
targets (spheres)
A prior estimate of TLS accuracy
Determination of coordinates of the scanner
and reference targets (spheres)
Scan registration
Scan filtration and edition
Creation point models
Determination of coordinates of bases
and ground control points
Distortion correction
Image orientation
Creation digital elevation models
Co-alignment of TLS and TDP models
Creation of TIN models
Calculation of volumes relative to the reference plane
Calculation of the differences between observation cycles
Graphical representation of changes in surface volumes
Measurement of coordinates of the scanner
and reference targets (spheres)
Terrestrial laser scanning
Measurement of coordinates of bases
and ground control points
Terrestrial digital photography
Determination of TDP parameters
Planning the placement of bases and ground
control points
A prior estimate of TDP accuracy
29ISSN 1727-7485. Український антарктичний журнал. 2019, № 2 (19)
Monitoring of glacier frontal parts on Galindez and Winter islands (the Argentine Islands) in 2018—2019
Fig. 3.1. Overall view of the western side of the glacier on Galindez Island in April, 2018
Fig. 3.2. Overall view of the western side of the glacier on Galindez Island in April, 2019
Fig. 3.3. Overall view of the southern side of the glacier on Galindez Island in April, 2018
Fig. 3.4. Overall view of the southern side of the glacier on Galindez Island in April, 2019
30 ISSN 1727-7485. Ukrainian Antarctic Journal. 2019, № 2 (19)
Kh. I. Marusazh, V. M. Hlotov, Z. Siejka
2019 (Fig. 3) and UAV survey in 2019. For terrestrial
laser scanning we used Faro Focus 3D S 120 scanner
(FARO Laser Scanner Focus 3D, 2010). Terrestrial
digital photography was done using digital cameras
Canon EOS 450D and Canon EOS Mark III D. The
focal distances used to take the images were 16 mm,
18 mm, 35 mm and 55 mm. Cases of surveying: nor-
mal and convergent. For the UAV survey, we used
Trimble UX5 (Trimble UX5 HP Unmanned Aircraft
System) with Canon EOS Mark III D camera.
Digital terrestrial photography data processing. The
images are processed using digital photogrammetric
stations (DPS). Preference should be given to DPS in
which the mathematical solution of photogrammet-
ric problems allows the researcher to realize the ac-
curacy potential of a digital image, regardless of the
projection, focal distance, and exterior orientation
elements. The software should allow maximum auto-
mation of the image orientation, creation of the photo-
grammetric model and recovery of the digital informa-
tion about the territory. The cameral processing of
the obtained digital survey materials was performed
at the Delta-2 digital photogrammetric sta tion using
the Digitals software (Delta/Digitals, GeoSystem).
The procedure includes preparatory steps, prelimi-
nary processing of the input data, image orientation
and creation of a digital elevation model (DEM).
GML C++ Camera Calibration Toolbox (GML C++
Camera Calibration Toolbox, Graphics and Me dia Lab)
software was used to account for distortions in the images.
The images obtained after removal of distortions at
known coordinates of the projection centers of the ima-
ges are oriented with the application Models.exe in “Gro-
und photography” and “Two single images” modes.
In order to create the DEM, regular grid interval
and grid node density have been calculated (Tretyak
et al., 2016).
The UAV pictures were treated using Pix4Dmap-
per (Pix4Dmapper, Pix4D).
Terrestrial laser scanning data. The preparation in-
cluded data processing, estimation of the accuracy of
the exterior scan orientation and 3D modeling.
Fig. 3.5. Overall view of the southern side of the glacier on Winter Island in April, 2018
Fig. 3.6. Overall view of the southern side of the glacier on Winter Island in April, 2019
31ISSN 1727-7485. Український антарктичний журнал. 2019, № 2 (19)
Monitoring of glacier frontal parts on Galindez and Winter islands (the Argentine Islands) in 2018—2019
Preliminary data processing was done using soft-
ware developed for the company’s laser scanner Faro
Scene (Faro Scene Software, Faro).
Low reflectance surfaces can be a source of high
noise, and their surface points may contain incorrect
coordinates. Such points are therefore recommended
for removal. The FARO SCENE software has several
types of filters to delete the most dubious data de-
pending on the choice of settings.
After filtering, glacier scans were combined into a
Fig. 4.1. Point model of the western part of the glacier on Galindez Island in 2018
Fig. 4.2. Point model of the southern part of the glacier on Galindez Island in 2018
Fig. 4.3. Point model of the southern part of the glacier on Winter Island in 2018
32 ISSN 1727-7485. Ukrainian Antarctic Journal. 2019, № 2 (19)
Kh. I. Marusazh, V. M. Hlotov, Z. Siejka
single point model (Seredovych et al., 2009) using
automatic recognition of reference targets with sub-
sequent editing and verification of the accuracy of
the models. As a result, the minimum error for scan
alignment for the glacier on Galindez Island was
0.46 mm and the maximum one was 10.13 mm; for
the glacier on Winter Island, the range was 0.75 to
6.48 mm.
In order to correlate point models with the World
Geodetic System (WGS84), it is necessary to mark
Fig. 5.3. Point model of the southern part of the glacier on Winter Island in 2019
Fig. 5.1. Point model of the western part of the glacier on Galindez Island in 2019
Fig. 5.2. Point model of the southern part of the glacier on Galindez Island in 2019
33ISSN 1727-7485. Український антарктичний журнал. 2019, № 2 (19)
Monitoring of glacier frontal parts on Galindez and Winter islands (the Argentine Islands) in 2018—2019
the reference targets on the models in accordance
with the field sketch and to set their coordinates ob-
tained from satellite observations.
Creation of point models. After filtering out dubious
measurements and noise, points not belonging to the
glacier’s surface were also removed from the point
cloud. The resulting 3D model was assigned textures
obtained by laser scanning.
Based on the combined processing of TLS and
TDP material in April, 2018 point models of glacier
frontal parts on Winter and Galindez islands were
created (Fig. 4). Based on TDP and UAV imaging in
April, 2019, DEM of glaciers’ frontal parts were cre-
ated (Fig. 5).
Calculations of changes in surface volumes. The
changes in glacier surface volumes were calculated
using the Cyclone software (Leica Cyclone, Leica
Geosystems).
Triangulated irregular network (TIN) models were
created based on the combined models of 2018—
2019. They were visually verified and edited when
necessary.
In order to determine volume changes, a rectan-
gular prism method is proposed. This choice is ex-
plained by the fact that it allows to calculate the vol-
ume of an object relative to a certain reference plane
(hereinafter – the plane). The method is included in
many software packages allowing volume compu-
tation. The rectangular prism method calculates the
total volume as a sum of separate prism volumes
(Yanalak, 2005):
0* mV F h h= − ,
(1)
where
1
( * )
4*
n
i i
i
m
g h
h
n
==
∑
,
(2)
i – quadrangle’s number; h
m
– mean height; F – area
of the whole object; g
i
– number of vertices of the
adjacent triangles; h
i
– vertex height; n – number of
all quadrangles; h
0
– height of the reference plane.
In order to compute the changes in surface vo-
lumes, we built a precisely vertical reference plane,
which was constant for all observation cycles. The
changes in volumes relative to the plane were first
calculated, and then the differences between the se-
quential cycles, i.e. the changes in glaciers’ volumes,
were found.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The changes on surface volumes were determined ba-
sed on the data obtained by TLS (2018), TDP (2018
and 2019) and UAV imaging (2019) of the western
and southern frontal parts of the Galindez glacier
and the southern outlet of the Winter glacier (Table).
In order to compare the changes in surface volumes
Table. Changes (reduction) in surface volumes of island glaciers
Glacier on Galindez Island,
western part
Glacier on Galindez Island,
southern part
Glacier on Winter Island,
southern part
Time period Volume change (m3) Time period Volume change (m3) Time period Volume change (m3)
2002—2003 23 000 2002—2003 1 500 2002—2003 —
2003—2004 28 000 2003—2004 350 2003—2004 1 250
2004—2005 17 000 2004—2005 4 800 2004—2005 4 800
2005—2013 64 000 2005—2013 94 000 2005—2013 82 000
2013—2014 16 000 2013—2014 500 2013—2014 1 400
2014—2018 1 200 2014—2018 600 2014—2018 800
2018—2019 36 000 2018—2019 1 100 2018—2019 9 800
34 ISSN 1727-7485. Ukrainian Antarctic Journal. 2019, № 2 (19)
Kh. I. Marusazh, V. M. Hlotov, Z. Siejka
we provide the results of previous studies of the gla-
ciers (Tretyak et al., 2016) started in 2002. All obser-
vations were made in March or April. However, all
the relevant seasonal Antarctic observations were in-
terrupted from 2005 to 2013, and then from 2014 to
2018, which is why the observation cycles are not
constant.
According to Cisak et al. (2008), in 2000—2005 the
glacier on the Galindez Island lost overall 2—3% of
its volume, which is 20 000 m3/year, on average. Ac-
cording to Tretyak et al. (2016), on average, the Ga-
lindez glacier shrinks at 12 000 m3/year (western part)
and 9 150 m3/year (southern part), and the southern
part of the glacier on the Winter Island shrinks at
8 800 m3/year.
By the data for 2014—2019, the volumes of glaciers
have decreased, but not uniformly. As already men-
tioned, the thickness of the snow layer can have an
impact on the apparent volume, obscuring the actual
change. The 2018 survey was held after a snowfall,
which might have resulted in minor changes in the
surface volumes relative to the period of 2014—2018,
and changes in 2018—2019 could have been underes-
timated. A negative factor complicating the interpre-
tation of the results is the non-regularity of monitor-
ing (long intervals between observation cycles).
Comparison of the changes in frontal parts of gla-
ciers on Galindez and Winter islands with the calcu-
lations for ice volumes on the overall glacier surface
(Karušs et al., 2019) leads to the conclusion that in
2014—2019, the glacier on Galindez Island lost over-
all approximately 2.5% of volume, and the one on
Winter Island – approximately 1.5%.
The general trend to melting of the Antarctic Pen-
insula glaciers can be observed in other contempo-
rary publications. Confirmation that AP responds
quickly to climate change is presented in (Silva et al.,
2020), whereby the authors characterize glaciers on
the islands of the Antarctic Peninsula as melting,
with the reported loss of 279 km2 during 2001—2015.
For example, the glaciers on King George Island we-
re reduced by 9.41 km2 (Rosa et al., 2015); on the
Shetland Islands, 61% of glaciers are shrinking (Os-
manoğlu et al., 2014). The studies of 1956—2004
(Hlotov et al., 2004) suggest that the Galindez glacier
is also much reduced. According to (Chernov et al.,
2018), the maximum ice thickness found at the ice
dome of the Galindez glacier is 35 m, compared to 59
m measured by radiolocation in 1998 (Bakhmutov et
al., 2006) and 45—48 m in 2004 (Levashov et al.,
2004).
Analyzing temperature changes (Fig. 1) and volu-
mes of the glaciers (Table) on Galindez and Winter
islands one should note the correlation between the
two parameters. The warming at the Antarctic Penin-
sula influences the decrease in albedo (Turner et al.,
2016). Therefore it is necessary to factor in not only
the temperature but also the precipitation, sea ice,
change in sea level and other parameters.
In order to record the changes in glacier volumes
in a timely manner and to establish the regularities
governing the regional climate variation, it is impor-
tant to continue annual monitoring. Additionally,
one should take into account the thickness of the
snow cover.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the literature review, glaciological pa-
rameters of the Antarctic Peninsula are spatially
highly diverse and changing in a variety of ways. The
largest changes are observed in the northern and
western parts of the peninsula and islands. For the
western region of the Antarctic Peninsula, after the
warming seen in the late XX century there is seen a
reduction in incremental temperature increase. A
similar trend is recorded at the Akademik Vernadsky
station. Most probably, the changes reflect internal
natural variability. However, longer observations of
temperature and other meteorological parameters
are necessary.
To monitor the frontal parts of the glaciers on the
Galindez and Winter islands in 2018—2019 we em-
ployed a method based on digital stereophotogram-
metrical photography and terrestrial laser scanning.
Modified and tested for the first time a method for
determining the surface volumes of island glaciers by
co-aligning digital stereophotogrammetric imaging
and UAV photography. Using complex methods al-
lows to significantly increase the speed of measure-
35ISSN 1727-7485. Український антарктичний журнал. 2019, № 2 (19)
Monitoring of glacier frontal parts on Galindez and Winter islands (the Argentine Islands) in 2018—2019
ment of the glacier surface and the accuracy of the
quantitative parameters of the research.
Based on the results of terrestrial laser scanning in
2018, digital photography in 2018 and 2019 and UAV
photography in 2019, we estimated the loss of surface
volumes, totaling 36 000 m3 for the frontal part of the
western side of the Galindez glacier, 1 100 m3 for the
frontal part of the southern side of the Galindez gla-
cier, and 9 800 m3 for the frontal part of the southern
side of the Winter glacier. Overall, in 2014—2019 the
glacier on Galindez lost about 2.5% of its volume,
and the one on Winter — about 1.5%
The presented results of monitoring suggest a non-
uniform character of changes in the glaciers, since
the western part of the glacier on Galindez shrinks
faster than southern parts of both glaciers. Two nega-
tive factors complicating evaluation of the results are
the thickness of snow cover and non-regularity of
monitoring (and long time periods between observa-
tions).
Analyzing changes in the temperature and the vol-
umes of glaciers on Galindez and Winter islands, one
should note the correlation of the parameters. The
warming in the region of the Antarctic Peninsula in-
fluences the shrinking of the glacier through the feed-
back between ice/snow cover and albedo.
Melting of glaciers on Galindez and Winter islands
has been reported in other contemporary studies that
addressed the Antarctic coastline.
Further monitoring of Antarctic coastal glaciers is
important for timely detection of changes in them and
in order to establish patterns for assessing the regional
climate variability. It is planned, additionally, to factor
in the thickness of snow cover and to study not only
the impact of temperature, but also precipitation, sea
ice, change in sea level and other parameters.
The study was conducted as part of the research
project “A study of changes in the surface volumes of
island and continental glaciers based on the results of
digital images, laser scanning and geodetic measure-
ments made during the season works of the 24th Uk-
rainian Antarctic Expedition of 2019—2020” under a
contract with the State Institution National Antarc-
tic Scientific Center of Ministry of Education and
Science of Ukraine.
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Accepted 23 December 2019
Х. І. Марусаж 1, 2, *, В. М. Глотов 1, З. Сєйка 3
1 Інститут геодезії, Національний університет «Львівська політехніка»,
вул. Карпінського 6, Львів, 79013, Україна
2 Державна установа Національний антарктичний науковий центр МОН України,
бульв. Тараса Шевченка, 16, м. Київ, 01601, Україна
3 Аграрний університет, алея Адама Міцкевича 21, 31—120, Краків, Польща
* Автор для кореспонденції: kh.marusazh@gmail.com
Моніторинг виходів льодовиків островів Галіндез та Вінтер
(Аргентинські острови) у 2018—2019 роках
Реферат. У статті представлено аналіз кліматичних та гляціологічних змін Антарктичного півострова та результати
моніторингу льодовиків на островах Галіндез та Вінтер (Аргентинські острови Архіпелагу Вільгельма, Антарктичний
півострів) за період 2018—2019 рр. Метою роботи було визначення змін поверхневих об’ємів льодовиків на островах
Галіндез та Вінтер за результатами комплексних досліджень за період 2018—2019 рр. Методи. Для дослідження вико-
ристано матеріали українських сезонних антарктичних експедицій 2018—2019 років: дані наземного лазерного скану-
вання за 2018 р., наземного цифрового знімання 2018 та 2019 р. та знімання з безпілотного літального апарату 2019 р.
Зміни поверхневих об’ємів виходів льодовиків на островах Галіндез та Вінтер визначено з застосуванням методики
комплексних досліджень, що дає змогу істотно підвищити швидкість виконання вимірювань поверхонь льодовиків
та точність отриманих результатів. Методика базується на сумісному опрацюванні матеріалів наземного лазерного
сканування та наземного цифрового знімання у 2018 році, наземного цифрового знімання та знімання з безпілотного
літального апарату у 2019 році. Результати. Визначено зміни поверхневих об’ємів виходів льодовиків за період 2018—
2019 рр., що становлять: 36000 м3 – для західної частини льодовика на о. Галіндез, 1100 м3 – для південної частини
льодовика на о. Галіндез та 9800 м3 – для південної частини льодовика на о. Вінтер. Висновки. Аналіз отриманих ре-
зультатів показує кардинальні зміни, які спостерігаються з 2002 року. Це підтверджується кількісними параметрами,
визначеними незалежними методами, та сучасними дослідженнями західної частини Антарктичного півострова.
Спостереження за динамікою змін поверхневих об’ємів острівних льодовиків дасть змогу виявляти кліматичні та
гляціологічні зміни, що відбуваються у Антарктичному регіоні.
Ключові слова: льодовик, наземне лазерне сканування, цифрове стереофотограмметричне знімання.
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/NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit. De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 5.0 en hoger.)
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/ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing. Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 5.0 and later.)
/RUS <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>
>>
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(Common)
(1.0)
]
/OtherNamespaces [
<<
/AsReaderSpreads false
/CropImagesToFrames true
/ErrorControl /WarnAndContinue
/FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false
/IncludeGuidesGrids false
/IncludeNonPrinting false
/IncludeSlug false
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(InDesign)
(4.0)
]
/OmitPlacedBitmaps false
/OmitPlacedEPS false
/OmitPlacedPDF false
/SimulateOverprint /Legacy
>>
<<
/AddBleedMarks false
/AddColorBars false
/AddCropMarks false
/AddPageInfo false
/AddRegMarks false
/ConvertColors /ConvertToCMYK
/DestinationProfileName ()
/DestinationProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
/Downsample16BitImages true
/FlattenerPreset <<
/PresetSelector /MediumResolution
>>
/FormElements false
/GenerateStructure false
/IncludeBookmarks false
/IncludeHyperlinks false
/IncludeInteractive false
/IncludeLayers false
/IncludeProfiles false
/MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(CreativeSuite)
(2.0)
]
/PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
/PreserveEditing true
/UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged
/UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile
/UseDocumentBleed false
>>
]
>> setdistillerparams
<<
/HWResolution [2400 2400]
/PageSize [612.000 792.000]
>> setpagedevice
|