Plasma-liquid system with reverse vortex flow of “tornado” type (TORNADO-LE)
The results of experimental investigations of the plasma in plasma-liquid system with reverse vortex flow of “tornado” type are presented. Volt-ampere characteristic of discharge in the current range from 200 to 400 mA were measured. Emission spectra of plasma in range from 200 to 1100 nm were measu...
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| Дата: | 2010 |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2010
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| Цитувати: | Plasma-liquid system with reverse vortex flow of “tornado” type (TORNADO-LE) / O.A. Nedybaliuk, V.Ya. Chernyak, S.V. Olszewski // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2010. — № 6. — С. 135-137. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859915338785751040 |
|---|---|
| author | Nedybaliuk, O.A. Chernyak, V.Ya. Olszewski, S.V. |
| author_facet | Nedybaliuk, O.A. Chernyak, V.Ya. Olszewski, S.V. |
| citation_txt | Plasma-liquid system with reverse vortex flow of “tornado” type (TORNADO-LE) / O.A. Nedybaliuk, V.Ya. Chernyak, S.V. Olszewski // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2010. — № 6. — С. 135-137. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| description | The results of experimental investigations of the plasma in plasma-liquid system with reverse vortex flow of “tornado” type are presented. Volt-ampere characteristic of discharge in the current range from 200 to 400 mA were measured. Emission spectra of plasma in range from 200 to 1100 nm were measured. Excitation temperatures (electronic Te*, vibrational Tv* and rotational Tr*) were obtained. Emission spectra of hydroxyl OH were calculated.
Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований плазмы в плазменно-жидкостной системе с обратно- вихревым потоком типа “торнадо”. Измерены вольтамперные характеристики разряда в диапазоне токов от 0 до 400 мА. Получены эмиссионные спектры плазмы в диапазоне от 200 до 1100 нм. Посчитаны температуры возбуждения (электронная Te*, колебательная Tv* и вращательная Tr*). Были рассчитаны эмиссионные спектры гидроксила ОН.
Представлено результати експериментальних досліджень плазми в плазмово-рідинній системі із зворотно- вихровим потоком типу “торнадо”. Виміряні вольт-амперні характеристики розряду в діапазоні струмів від 0 до 400 мА. Отримані емісійні спектри плазми в діапазоні від 200 до 1100 нм. Обраховані температури збудження (електронна Te*, коливальна Tv* і обертальна Tr*). Були розраховані емісійні спектри гідроксилу ОН.
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| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T16:05:04Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
LOW TEMPERATURE PLASMA AND PLASMA TECHNOLOGIES
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2010. № 6. 135
Series: Plasma Physics (16), p. 135-137.
PLASMA-LIQUID SYSTEM WITH REVERSE VORTEX FLOW
OF “TORNADO” TYPE (TORNADO-LE)
O.A. Nedybaliuk, V.Ya. Chernyak, S.V. Olszewski
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Radio Physics,
Department of Physical Electronics, Kiev, Ukraine
E-mail: oanedybaliuk@gmail.com
The results of experimental investigations of the plasma in plasma-liquid system with reverse vortex flow of
“tornado” type are presented. Volt-ampere characteristic of discharge in the current range from 200 to 400 mA were
measured. Emission spectra of plasma in range from 200 to 1100 nm were measured. Excitation temperatures
(electronic Te
*, vibrational Tv
* and rotational Tr
*) were obtained. Emission spectra of hydroxyl OH were calculated.
PACS: 52.50.Dg
1. INTRODUCTION
Today, hydrogen is considered as one of the most
perspective energy sources for the future that can be
renewable, ecologically clean and environmentally safe
[1]. There are various electric-discharge techniques of
plasma conversion of the liquid fuel into H2 using thermal
(equilibrium) and nonthermal (nonequilibrium) plasmas:
arc, corona, spark, MW, RF, DBD, etc. Among them, one
of the most efficient is the plasma processing in the
dynamic plasma-liquid systems (PLS) using the DC
discharge in a reverse vortex gas flow of “tornado” type
[2] with a "liquid" electrode (TORNADO-LE) [3]. The
highly developed plasma-liquid interface with the large
surface-to-volume ratio and the deep injection of plasma
particles into the liquid also favor to the intensification of
the liquid fuel conversion in the system. Development and
investigation of plasma liquid-system is very perspective
and interesting work.
In this paper we report new results of our experimental
studies of the plasma parameters in the PLS with the DC
TORNADO-LE using available methods of diagnostics.
2. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP
PLS reactor was prepared with the DC discharge in a
reverse vortex gas flow of “tornado” type with a "liquid"
electrode. It consists of a cylindrical quartz vessel (1) by
diameter of 9 cm and height of 5 cm, sealed by the
flanges at the top (2) and at the bottom (3), Fig. 1.
The vessel was filled by the work liquid (4) through
the inlet pipe (5) and the level of liquid was controlled by
the spray pump. The basic cylindrical T-shaped stainless
steel water-cooled electrode (6) on the lower flange (3)
made from stainless steel is fully immersed in the liquid.
The electrode on the upper flange (2) made from
duralumin had a special copper hub (11) with the axial
nozzle (7) by diameter 2 mm and length of 6 mm. The gas
was injected into the vessel through the orifice (8) in the
upper flange (2) tangentially to the cylinder wall (l) and
created a reverse vortex flow of “tornado” type, so the
rotating gas (9) went down to the liquid surface and
moved to the central axis where flowed out through the
nozzle (7) in the form of jet (10) into the quartz chamber
(12). Since the area of minimal static pressure above the
liquid surface during the vortex gas flow is located near
the central axis, it creates the column of liquid at the gas-
liquid interface in the form of the cone with the height of
~1 cm above the liquid surface (without electric
discharge).
Fig. 1. Scheme of the PLS reactor with the DC
discharge in a reverse vortex gas flow of “tornado” type
with a "liquid" electrode
The voltage was supplied between the upper electrode
(2) and the lower electrode (6) in the liquid with the help
of the DC power source powered up to 10 kV. Two
modes of the discharge operation were studied: the mode
with “liquid” cathode (LC) and the mode with “solid”
cathode (SC): “+” is on the flange (2) in the LC mode,
and “-” is on the flange (2) in the SC mode. The
conditions of breakdown in the discharge chamber were
regulated by three parameters: by the level of the work
liquid; by the gas flow rate G; and by the value of voltage
U. The pressure in the discharge chamber during the
discharge operation was ~1.2 atm, the static pressure
outside the reactor was ~1 atm. Plasma torch (10) was
formed during the discharge burning in the camera.
Diagnostics of the plasma was conducted by means of
optical emission spectroscopy. A high-speed CCD-based
spectrometer “Plasma-spec” with a spectral resolution
mailto:oanedybaliuk@gmail.com
∼0.6 nm was used for the spectra registration in the range
of wavelengths 200…1100 nm.
The characteristic temperatures corresponding to
excited states of atoms (electronic temperature Te
*), and
molecules (vibrational Tv
* and rotational Tr
* temperatures)
in discharge plasma were determined by different
methods. To determine vibrational Tv
* and rotational Tr
*
temperatures an original technique with using the
SPECAIR was used [4, 5].
3. RESULTS
Current-voltage characteristics of the TORNADO-LE
in the mode “solid” cathode working in water at different
airflow rates are shown in Fig. 2. The discharge in
plasma-liquid system is a glowing type.
Typical emission spectra of plasma in TORNADO-LE
inside and outside of reactor are shown in Fig. 3. All this
spectra were normalize on maximum at wavelength
λn=306,7 nm. Hydroxyl OH and nitrogen N2 Bands,
hydrogen Hα (656.3 nm), Hβ (486.1 nm), copper Cu and
oxygen multiplet O (777.2; 844.6; 926.6 nm) lines are on
emission spectra. Nitrogen band N2(C-B) and copper lines
Cu was presented only outside of system.
Fig. 2. Current-voltage characteristics of the TORNADO-
LE working in water at different airflow rates
Fig. 3. Typical emission spectrum of discharge plasma inside and outside of reactor in the TORNADO-LE: I=300 mA;
G=55 cm3/s; U=2,3 kV; working liquid – distilled water; gas flow – air; mode with SC
Emission spectra in PLS TORNADO-LE working on
distilled water measured at different discharge currents
are shown in Fig. 4.
The electronic temperature Te
* was determined by
relative intensities of hydrogen emission lines Hα
(656.3 nm), Hβ (486.1 nm), relative intensities of
emission of oxygen multiplet lines (777.2; 844.6;
926.6 nm)
Excitation temperatures for regime I = 300 mA,
G=55 cm3/s, U=2,3 kV in the mode SC were measured.
Excitation temperatures inside of reactor was
Tr
*=4000±500 K, Tv
*=4000±500 K and Te
*= 5000±500 K.
Plasma temperatures outside of reactor was
Tr
*=4500±500 K, Tv
*=3000±500 K and Te
*=5000±500 K.
Excitation temperatures vibrational Tv
* and rotational Tr
*
was obtained by band of OH. Plasma in PLS TORNADO-
LE inside of reactor was isothermal. But outside of
reactor plasma was nonisothermal.
Experimental and calculated emission spectra by the
SPECAIR are shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 4. Emission spectra of discharge plasma in the
TORNADO-LE inside of reactor at different discharge
currents: working liquid – distilled water; mode with SC;
air flow G=55 cm3/s
136
Fig. 5. Experimental emission spectrum of discharge
plasma inside of system in the TORNADO-LE and
calculated emission spectra by the SPECAIR
4. CONCLUSIONS
The basic components on emission spectra of plasma
in TORNADO-LE inside of main chamber are the
hydroxyl OH bands, hydrogen H and oxygen O lines.
Two type of plasma attended in PLS TORNADO-LE,
isothermal – inside and nonisothermal (decay plasma) –
outside of main chamber.
Nitrogen bands N2 and copper lines Cu were only
outside of reactor.
137
ACNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was partially supported by the STCU Grant
P-354 (EOARD 0880001), Taras Shevchenko National
University of Kyiv, National Academy of sciences of
Ukraine, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.
REFERENCES
1. 18th World Hydrogen Energy Conf., 17-19 May, 2010,
Essen, Germany. http://www.whec2010.com.
2. Alyssa Wilson, David Staack, Tanvir Farouk,
Alexander Gutsol, Alexander Fridman and Bakhtier
Farouk. Self-rotating dc atmospheric-pressure discharge
over a water-surface electrode: regimes of operation//
Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 2008, v. 17, p. 045001.
3. O.A. Nedybaliuk, S.V. Olzewski, V.Ya. Chernyak, and
O.I. Lomonos. Discharge in reverse vortex flow of
TORNADO type// Proc. IV Int. Conf. "Electronics and
Applied Physics", 23-25 Oct. 2009, Kyiv, Ukraine,
p. 142-143.
4. I. Prysiazhnevych, L. Lomonos, V. Chernyak.
Tecniques of determining vibrational and rotational
excitation temperatures by OH (A-X) AND N2 (C-B)
bands for plasma diagnostics// Proc. IV Int. Conf.
"Electronics and Applied Physics", 23-25 Oct. 2009,
Kyiv, Ukraine. p. 111-112.
5. http://www.specair-radiation.net
Article received 11.10.10
ПЛАЗМЕННО-ЖИДКОСТНАЯ СИСТЕМА С ОБРАТНО- ВИХРЕВЫМ ПОТОКОМ
ТИПА “ТОРНАДО” (TORNADO-LE)
О.А. Недыбалюк, В.Я. Черняк, С.В. Ольшевский
Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований плазмы в плазменно-жидкостной системе с
обратно- вихревым потоком типа “торнадо”. Измерены вольтамперные характеристики разряда в диапазоне
токов от 0 до 400 мА. Получены эмиссионные спектры плазмы в диапазоне от 200 до 1100 нм. Посчитаны
температуры возбуждения (электронная Te
*, колебательная Tv
* и вращательная Tr
*). Были рассчитаны
эмиссионные спектры гидроксила ОН.
ПЛАЗМОВО-РІДИННА СИСТЕМА ІЗ ЗВОРОТНО - ВИХРОВИМ ПОТОКОМ
ТИПУ “ТОРНАДО” (TORNADO-LE)
О.А. Недибалюк, В.Я. Черняк, С.В. Ольшевський
Представлено результати експериментальних досліджень плазми в плазмово-рідинній системі із зворотно-
вихровим потоком типу “торнадо”. Виміряні вольт-амперні характеристики розряду в діапазоні струмів від 0 до
400 мА. Отримані емісійні спектри плазми в діапазоні від 200 до 1100 нм. Обраховані температури збудження
(електронна Te
*, коливальна Tv
* і обертальна Tr
*). Були розраховані емісійні спектри гідроксилу ОН.
http://www.whec2010.com/
http://www.specair-radiation.net/
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-17482 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T16:05:04Z |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Nedybaliuk, O.A. Chernyak, V.Ya. Olszewski, S.V. 2011-02-26T22:14:26Z 2011-02-26T22:14:26Z 2010 Plasma-liquid system with reverse vortex flow of “tornado” type (TORNADO-LE) / O.A. Nedybaliuk, V.Ya. Chernyak, S.V. Olszewski // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2010. — № 6. — С. 135-137. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/17482 The results of experimental investigations of the plasma in plasma-liquid system with reverse vortex flow of “tornado” type are presented. Volt-ampere characteristic of discharge in the current range from 200 to 400 mA were measured. Emission spectra of plasma in range from 200 to 1100 nm were measured. Excitation temperatures (electronic Te*, vibrational Tv* and rotational Tr*) were obtained. Emission spectra of hydroxyl OH were calculated. Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований плазмы в плазменно-жидкостной системе с обратно- вихревым потоком типа “торнадо”. Измерены вольтамперные характеристики разряда в диапазоне токов от 0 до 400 мА. Получены эмиссионные спектры плазмы в диапазоне от 200 до 1100 нм. Посчитаны температуры возбуждения (электронная Te*, колебательная Tv* и вращательная Tr*). Были рассчитаны эмиссионные спектры гидроксила ОН. Представлено результати експериментальних досліджень плазми в плазмово-рідинній системі із зворотно- вихровим потоком типу “торнадо”. Виміряні вольт-амперні характеристики розряду в діапазоні струмів від 0 до 400 мА. Отримані емісійні спектри плазми в діапазоні від 200 до 1100 нм. Обраховані температури збудження (електронна Te*, коливальна Tv* і обертальна Tr*). Були розраховані емісійні спектри гідроксилу ОН. This work was partially supported by the STCU Grant P-354 (EOARD 0880001), Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, National Academy of sciences of Ukraine, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Низкотемпературная плазма и плазменные технологии Plasma-liquid system with reverse vortex flow of “tornado” type (TORNADO-LE) Плазменно-жидкостная система с обратно- вихревым потоком типа “торнадо” (TORNADO-LE) Плазмово-рідинна система із зворотно - вихровим потоком типу “торнадо” (TORNADO-LE) Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Plasma-liquid system with reverse vortex flow of “tornado” type (TORNADO-LE) Nedybaliuk, O.A. Chernyak, V.Ya. Olszewski, S.V. Низкотемпературная плазма и плазменные технологии |
| title | Plasma-liquid system with reverse vortex flow of “tornado” type (TORNADO-LE) |
| title_alt | Плазменно-жидкостная система с обратно- вихревым потоком типа “торнадо” (TORNADO-LE) Плазмово-рідинна система із зворотно - вихровим потоком типу “торнадо” (TORNADO-LE) |
| title_full | Plasma-liquid system with reverse vortex flow of “tornado” type (TORNADO-LE) |
| title_fullStr | Plasma-liquid system with reverse vortex flow of “tornado” type (TORNADO-LE) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plasma-liquid system with reverse vortex flow of “tornado” type (TORNADO-LE) |
| title_short | Plasma-liquid system with reverse vortex flow of “tornado” type (TORNADO-LE) |
| title_sort | plasma-liquid system with reverse vortex flow of “tornado” type (tornado-le) |
| topic | Низкотемпературная плазма и плазменные технологии |
| topic_facet | Низкотемпературная плазма и плазменные технологии |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/17482 |
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