Loranthus europaeus (Loranthaceae) in Ukraine: an overview of distribution patterns and hosts
Updated information on geographic distribution patterns and hosts of Loranthus europaeus in Ukraine is presented as a list of known localities and a schematic map based on data of field observations, herbarium collections, and literature sources. The field study areas with eight localities directly...
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| Опубліковано в: : | Український ботанічний журнал |
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| Дата: | 2019 |
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Інститут ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України
2019
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| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Цитувати: | Loranthus europaeus (Loranthaceae) in Ukraine: an overview of distribution patterns and hosts / Yu.A. Krasylenko, R.Yu. Gleb, O.D. Volutsa // Український ботанічний журнал. — 2019. — Т. 76, № 5. — С. 406-417. — Бібліогр.: 37 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860099152587784192 |
|---|---|
| author | Krasylenko, Yu.A. Gleb, R.Yu. Volutsa, O.D. |
| author_facet | Krasylenko, Yu.A. Gleb, R.Yu. Volutsa, O.D. |
| citation_txt | Loranthus europaeus (Loranthaceae) in Ukraine: an overview of distribution patterns and hosts / Yu.A. Krasylenko, R.Yu. Gleb, O.D. Volutsa // Український ботанічний журнал. — 2019. — Т. 76, № 5. — С. 406-417. — Бібліогр.: 37 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Український ботанічний журнал |
| description | Updated information on geographic distribution patterns and hosts of Loranthus europaeus in Ukraine is presented as a list of known localities and a schematic map based on data of field observations, herbarium collections, and literature sources. The field study areas with eight localities directly surveyed by the authors included: Chernivtsi Region (Hertsayivs'ky and Kelmenets'ky districts), Zakarpattia (Transcarpathian) Region (Rakhivs'kyi District) and Khmelnyts'kyi Region (Kamianets-Podils'ky District) of Ukraine. In Ukraine L. europaeus has been recorded since the 19th century. In total, it was reported from ca. 30 localities in Ukraine, mostly in the southwestern regions of the country at the northeastern limits of the Eastern European part of its range. The records from Kyiv Region and Crimea remain questionable. Within its range in Ukraine, L. europaeus parasitizes Quercus species as its primary hosts. In our opinion, this mistletoe species is not expected to become a noxious pest causing considerable damage for the Ukrainian forests, unlike the European mistletoe, Viscum album. Moreover, L. europaeus is recommended for special protection in Khmelnyts'kyi Region and is included in the list of regionally rare plants of administrative units of Ukraine.
У статті наведено оновлені відомості щодо поширення та рослин-господарів рідкісного стеблового напівпаразита дубової омели європейської (Loranthus europaeus) в Україні у вигляді переліку локалітетів та схематичної мапи, складеної на основі польових спостережень, опрацювання гербарних зборів та літературних джерел. Авторами було безпосередньо досліджено близько восьми локалітетів у Чернігівській (Герцаївський та Кельменецький райони), Закарпатській (Рахівський район) та Хмельницькій (Кам'янець-Подільський район) областях. Перші знахідки L. europaeus в Україні відомі з 19 ст. Загалом, цей вид знайдено у близько 30 локалітетах переважно у південно-західний частині України, де він перебуває на північно-східній межі східноєвропейського ареалу. Знахідки у Київський області та Криму потребують підтвердження. Головними господарями L. europaeus в Україні є різні види дубів (Quercus spp.). Цей вид омели, на відміну від омели білої (Viscum album), не завдає суттєвої шкоди лісам України і наразі вона не вважається фітокарантинним видом. Більш того, L. europaeus рекомендовано охороняти на регіональному рівні у Хмельницькій області.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:27:30Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
406 Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 2019, 76(5)
https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj76.05.406
Loranthus europaeus (Loranthaceae) in Ukraine: an overview of
distribution patterns and hosts
Yuliya A. KRASYLENKO1,2, Ruslan Yu. GLEB3,4, Olena D. VOLUTSA5,6
1Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc
27 Šlechtitelů Str., Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
2Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
2a Osipovskogo Str., Kyiv 04123, Ukraine
3Carpathian Biosphere Reserve
77 Krasne Pleso Str., Rakhiv 90600, Ukraine
4M.M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden
1 Timiryazevska Str., Kyiv 01014, Ukraine
5Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Institute of Biology, Chemistry and Biological Resources
11 Fedkovych Str., Chernivtsi 58022, Ukraine
6Khotyns'ky National Nature Park
69 Olimpiyska Str., Khotyn 60000, Chernivtsi Region, Ukraine
y.krasylenko@gmail.com; gleb.ruslan@gmail.com; o.volutsa@chnu.edu.ua
Krasylenko Yu.A., Gleb R.Yu., Volutsa O.D. 2019. Loranthus europaeus (Loranthaceae) in Ukraine: an overview of distribution patterns and hosts.
Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 76(5): 406–417.
Abstract: Updated information on geographic distribution patterns and hosts of Loranthus europaeus in Ukraine is presented as a list of known
localities and a schematic map based on data of field observations, herbarium collections, and literature sources. The field study areas with eight
localities directly surveyed by the authors included: Chernivtsi Region (Hertsayivs'ky and Kelmenets'ky districts), Zakarpattia (Transcarpathian)
Region (Rakhivs'kyi District) and Khmelnyts'kyi Region (Kamianets-Podils'ky District) of Ukraine. In Ukraine L. europaeus has been recorded
since the 19th century. In total, it was reported from ca. 30 localities in Ukraine, mostly in the southwestern regions of the country at the northeastern
limits of the Eastern European part of its range. The records from Kyiv Region and Crimea remain questionable. Within its range in Ukraine,
L. europaeus parasitizes Quercus species as its primary hosts. In our opinion, this mistletoe species is not expected to become a noxious pest causing
considerable damage for the Ukrainian forests, unlike the European mistletoe, Viscum album. Moreover, L. europaeus is recommended for special
protection in Khmelnyts'kyi Region and is included in the list of regionally rare plants of administrative units of Ukraine.
Keywords: distribution, hosts, Loranthus, mistletoe, Quercus, range, stem hemiparasite, Ukraine
Submitted 11 March 2019. Published 31 October 2019
Красиленко Ю.А.1,2, Глеб Р.Ю.3,4, Волуца О.Д.5,6 2019. Loranthus europaeus (Loranthaceae) в Україні: огляд особливостей поширення та
рослин-господарів. Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 76(5): 406–417.
1Центр біотехнологічних та сільськогосподарських досліджень регіону Хан'я при Університеті Палацького в Оломоуці
вул. Шлехтітелу 27, Оломоуц 783 71, Чеська Республіка
2ДУ "Інститут харчової біотехнології та геноміки Національної академії наук України"
вул. Осиповського 2a, Київ 04123, Україна
3Карпатський біосферний заповідник
вул. Красне Плесо 77, Рахів 90600, Україна
4Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України
вул. Тімірязєвська 1, Київ 01014, Україна
5Чернівецький національний університет імені Юрія Федьковича, Інститут біології, хімії та біоресурсів, кафедра ботаніки, лісового
і садово-паркового господарства
вул. Федьковича 11, Чернівці 58022, Україна
6Хотинський національний природний парк
вул. Олімпійська 69, Хотин 60000, Чернівецька обл., Україна
Реферат. У статті наведено оновлені відомості щодо поширення та рослин-господарів рідкісного стеблового напівпаразита дубової
омели європейської (Loranthus europaeus) в Україні у вигляді переліку локалітетів та схематичної мапи, складеної на основі польових
спостережень, опрацювання гербарних зборів та літературних джерел. Авторами було безпосередньо досліджено близько восьми
локалітетів у Чернігівській (Герцаївський та Кельменецький райони), Закарпатській (Рахівський район) та Хмельницькій (Кам'янець-
Подільський район) областях. Перші знахідки L. europaeus в Україні відомі з 19 ст. Загалом, цей вид знайдено у близько 30 локалітетах
переважно у південно-західний частині України, де він перебуває на північно-східній межі східноєвропейського ареалу. Знахідки у
Київський області та Криму потребують підтвердження. Головними господарями L. europaeus в Україні є різні види дубів (Quercus
spp.). Цей вид омели, на відміну від омели білої (Viscum album), не завдає суттєвої шкоди лісам України і наразі вона не вважається
фітокарантинним видом. Більш того, L. europaeus рекомендовано охороняти на регіональному рівні у Хмельницькій області.
Ключові слова: ареал, омела, поширення, рослини-господарі, стеблові напівпаразити, Україна, Loranthus, Quercus
© 2019 Yu.A. Krasylenko, R. Gleb, O. Volutsa. Published by the M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, NAS of Ukraine. This is an open access
article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
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407Український ботанічний журнал, 2019, 76(5)
Introduction
Mistletoes, which is an English vernacular name for
many species of obligate hemiparasitic plants belonging
to several currently recognized genera (e.g., Viscum L.,
Arceuthobium M. Bieb., Tupeia Cham. & Schltdl.,
Phoradendron Nutt., Strutanthus Mart., Loranthus
Jacq., etc.) and even families of Santalales (e.g.,
Viscaceae, Santalaceae, Loranthaceae, etc.), are aerial
hemiparasites of woody plants distributed widely from
tropical to boreal physiographic zones (Beylin, 1986;
Aukema, 2003; Mathiasen et al., 2008; Nickrent, 2010;
Kuijt, 2015). Their role in forests and other habitats/
ecosystems is considered to be ambivalent, or even
contradictory. First, mistletoe fruits, due to their
persistence in cold seasons in temperate regions, are
usually consumed by birds and other animals. At the
same time, mistletoes compromise trees’ water balance
and photosynthetic activity as pests by pirating water
due to the haustorial connection of their endophytes to
the host vascular system (Watson, 2001). Ornithochory
favors an aggregated spatial distribution of infected trees
(Glatzel, Geils, 2008). The infestation patterns are
mostly discrete and distance-dependent (Matula et al.,
2015).
The taxonomic circumscription of Loranthus Jacq.
(Loranthaceae) considerably changed over time, and
it remains problematic even now. Various authors
recognized in the genus from ca. 500 or even 600
species (Krüssmann, 1977, and earlier authors) to
ten (Nickrent et al., 2010) or just two (Kujit, 2015)
species. In earlier literature the genus encompassed
most species of mistletoes parasitizing representatives
of phylogenetically distant taxa (Krüssmann, 1977).
Recently, according to the fundamentally revised
phylogenetic classification of Santalales by Nickrent
et al. (2010) based on nucleotide sequence data, it
is widely accepted that subtribe Loranthinae Engl.
includes just two genera: monotypic Cecarria Barlow
with the only species C. obtusifolia (Merr.) Barlow
inhabiting the Philippines, New Guinea, New Britain,
and the Solomon Islands, and Loranthus Jacq. with
ca. ten species occurring from Europe to southern
China, and Sumatra. This classification is supported by
palynomorphological data, since the genus Loranthus
from subtribe Loranthinae, clade G, have pollen of
Type B (Grímsson et al., 2018). However, Kuijt (2015)
recognized only two species of Loranthus. Moreover,
phylogenetic analysis of L. europaeus mitochondrial
genome performed for the studies of the mitochondrial
genome evolution places this species in the Santalales as
sister to Gaiadendron G. Don (Loranthaceae) (Zervas
et al., 2019), though the taxonomic classification
of Nickrent et al. (2010) separates Loranthus and
Gaiadendron into different clades, and places these
two genera in two different tribes, Lorantheae та
Gaiadendreae, respectively.
The only European species of this genus, Loranthus
europaeus Jacq. (synonyms: L. dioicus Stokes, Hyphear
europaeum (Jacq.) Danser; vernacular name: yellow or
yellow-berried mistletoe) is a widespread deciduous
hemiparasitic plant (Uotila, 2011−onward). Primary
hosts of L. europaeus are species of Quercus L.
(Fagaceae), such as Q. pubescens Willd., Q. cerris L.,
Q. robur L., Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl., though it may
also occur on Castanea sativa Mill. (Fagaceae) and
rarely on Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) (Krüssmann,
1977; Eliás,1985; Zebec, Idžojt, 2006; Kumbasli
et al., 2011; Saraj et al., 2015). It was reported that in
Croatia it parasitizes several native and introduced oak
species (Q. robur, Q. petraea, Q. cerris, Q. pubescens,
Q. frainetto Ten., Q. rubra L., Q. palustris Münchh.)
and Castanea sativa (Fagaceae), and also Carpinus
betulus L. (Betulaceae) (Zebec, Idžojt, 2006). In
Slovakia L. europaeus was also found on Q. pubescens,
Q. cerris, Q. petraea, Q. robur, Q. dalechampii Ten.,
Q. virgiliana (Ten.) Ten., Q. rubra (Fagaceae), and on
Betula pendula Roth (Betulaceae). Some additional hosts
were reported, but these records remain unconfirmed:
Acer campestre L., Castanea sativa, Carpinus betulus,
and Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Eliás 2002). In Slovenia
(Kogelnik, 2002) L. europaeus parasitizes three native
species of oak (Q. petraea, Q. pubescens and Q. robur)
and Castanea sativa. The infestation rate (also known
in literature as "infection rate") was greatest on
Q. petraea and lower in Q. frainetto; no infestation
was detected on Q. cerris in Turkey (Kumbasli et al.,
2011). In the early publication by von Tübeuf (1923),
several resistant non-host species for L. europaeus were
mentioned, since the attempts to infect artificially were
unsuccessful: Populus balsamifera L., Malus domestica
(Suckow) Borkh. (reported as Pyrus malus L.), Prunus
padus L., and Laburnum anagyroides Medik. (reported
as Cytisus laburnum L.). Furthermore, hyperparasitism
(epiparasitism) of Viscum album L. subsp. album
on L. europaeus was described as well (Grazi, Urech,
1986).
http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:548820-1
http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:548820-1
408 Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 2019, 76(5)
Loranthus europaeus is widely distributed in Central
and Southeastern Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean
region, and also has several isolated populations in
Asia Minor (Glatzel et al., 2016). In Ukraine, records
of L. europaeus are quite scarce. These issues are
addressed in the present article based on our revision of
available specimens in the Ukrainian herbaria, relevant
literature, and field observations made during 2005–
2019.
Materials and Methods
Herbaria
The specimens from the main Ukrainian herbaria: KW
(National Herbarium of Ukraine, M.G. Kholodny
Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences
(NAS) of Ukraine, Kyiv), KWHA (M.M. Gryshko
National Botanical Garden, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv),
KWHU (O.V. Fomin Botanical Garden of Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv), LW
(Institute of Ecology of the Carpathians, NAS of
Ukraine, Lviv), UU (Uzhhorod National University,
Uzhhorod), MSUD (I.I. Mechnykov National
University of Odessa, Odessa) and CHER (Yuriy
Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi)
were studied. It has to be noticed that specimens
of L. europaeus have not been found in or reported
from KWU, LWKS, YALT, ASCN, LBE, SIBS, CSAU,
SIMF, PHEO, DSU, ZAU, KRW, KRWI, MELIT,
LUM, and LUU.
The following herbaria were visited by the authors
of the present article, and all specimens of Loranthus
from Ukraine available in these herbaria were physically
examined: KW, KWHA, and CHER.
We also received digital images of and/or information
on available specimens from some other herbaria;
that information was provided by their staff or other
colleagues (see Acknowledgments), in particular:
KWHU, LW, MSUD, and UU.
In the list of localities below we cite (1) herbarium
specimens (the specimens physically studied in herbaria
are marked with "!" following the herbarium acronym);
(2) digital images of herbarium specimens provided from
some herbaria (accompanied by the word "image"); (3)
reliable publications (with relevant references given);
(4) original observations of the authors of the present
article, and (5) personal communications ("pers.
comm.") of colleagues.
Herbarium acronyms are given following Index
Herbariorum (Thiers, 2008–onward) and, if necessary,
Index Herbariorum Ucrainicum (Shiyan, 2011).
Specimens from the herbaria of the neighboring
countries (e.g., Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia) have
not been studied. We hope that they will be analyzed in
our further studies.
The survey areas
The field study areas directly surveyed by the authors
included: Chernivtsi Region (Hertsayivs'ky and
Kelmenets'ky districts), Zakarpattia (Transcarpathian)
Region (Rakhivs'kyi district) and Khmelnyts'kyi
Region (Kamianets-Podils'ky district) of Ukraine. Ca.
8 localities were attended during route and area surveys.
Mapping
The distribution range of L. europaeus is presented on
a map according to the subdivision of Ukraine into
administrative regions (in Ukrainian, singular: oblast,
область) and districts (rayon, район). Chorological
data (herbarium specimens, literature data and original
observations) are presented here as a list of localities
(alphabetically arranged within administrative units).
Results and Discussion
Morphological characteristics and biological peculiarities
of Loranthus europaeus related to its hemiparasitism,
distribution and dispersal
The occurrence of this deciduous mistletoe on host
stems and/or branches can be diagnosed from the
distance as it forms spherical tufts (clutches) ca. 60–80
cm in diameter, scattered on the host branches and/or
stems (Fig. 1; Fig. 2, A, B, C).
Fusiform malformations are present at sites of the
old aerial exophyte (outer part) entry on host terminal
branches (Fig. 2, B (arrow), F). Loranthus europaeus is
green from early spring to late autumn (Fig. 2, A, B, E,
G), then it loses leaves (Fig. 2, C, F) and bears yellow
berries in winter (Fig. 2, D, O).
Fragile dark brown aerial shoots of L. europaeus have
sympodial pseudodichotomous branching, are 1.0–5.0
cm in diameter near the base, narrowing at younger
branches (Fig. 2, E, G) (Morozyuk, 1987; Kubát,
1997).
Flowering in Ukraine occurs in May–August, fruits
ripen in November and persist during winter (Morozyuk,
1987). The seeds covered with sticky viscin ("bird glue")
(Fig. 2, L, M, N) are dispersed by birds, such as the
common blackbird (Turdus merula L.), mistletoe trush
(T. viscivorus L.), and jay [Garrulus glandarius (L.)]
409Український ботанічний журнал, 2019, 76(5)
Fig. 1. An exophyte of hemiparasitic Loranthus europaeus on its primary host (Quercus sp.). A: staminate (♂) and pistillate (♀)
flowers; B: fruits; C: seed. Graphical drawings by Kateřina Janošikova.
410 Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 2019, 76(5)
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os
t t
er
m
in
al
b
ra
n
ch
es
; G
: b
ra
n
ch
es
w
it
h
le
av
es
;
H
: p
ol
ym
or
ph
ic
le
av
es
(
N
ov
em
be
r)
; I
: a
pi
ca
l (
te
rm
in
al
)
bu
ds
; J
: i
n
te
rm
ed
ia
te
(
in
te
rc
al
ar
y)
b
ud
s;
K
: t
er
m
in
al
b
ud
w
it
h
p
ed
ic
le
(
to
p)
a
n
d
pe
ti
ol
e
(l
ef
t)
; L
: t
er
m
in
al
b
ud
w
it
h
t
w
o
pe
ti
ol
es
(
le
ft
a
n
d
ri
gh
t)
;
M
: p
se
ud
od
ic
h
ot
om
ic
al
ly
b
ra
n
ch
ed
t
er
m
in
al
b
ra
n
ch
;
N
: i
m
m
at
ur
e
fr
ui
t
on
p
ed
ic
le
;
O
: m
at
ur
e
fr
ui
ts
o
n
p
ed
ic
le
;
P
: f
ru
it
w
it
h
s
ti
ck
y
vi
sc
in
r
el
ea
se
d;
Q
: v
is
ci
n
-f
re
e
gl
ob
os
e
se
ed
; R
: m
at
ur
at
in
g
em
br
yo
. S
ca
le
b
ar
s
(I
–
R
):
2
с
m
.
411Український ботанічний журнал, 2019, 76(5)
within the European range of L. europaeus (Cramp,
Perrins, 1994).
Patterns of distribution of Loranthus europaeus in
Ukraine
In the continental part of Ukraine L. europaeus
occurs at the northeastern boarder of its range in
Eastern Europe mostly in natural oak forests in Western
and Central-Western Ukraine (Fig. 3). As compared
to the continental climate of the most of Ukraine,
in southwestern part it is milder, with snowy winters
and average temperatures below freezing and higher
precipitation during warm season (Peel et al., 2007).
List of localities:
Chernivtsi Region. Hertsayivs'ky District: near
Kulykivka village, silviculture, on Quercus rubra,
14.09.2013, 09.06.2014, О. Volutsa (CHER!); near
Kulykivka village, on Q. rubra and Q. robur, 08.11.18,
О. Volutsa (CHER!); Hlybots'kyi District: "Im Walde
bei Terescheni auf Eichen" [in forest near Tarashany on
oaks] (Herbich, 1853); "In Walde zwischen Tarescheny
und Oprischeny parasitisch auf Eichen" [in forest
between Tarashany and Oprisheny parasites on oaks]
(Herbich, 1859); Dubivtsi (Herbich) [now Oprisheny]
(Bordzilovskyi, Lonachevskyi, 1952); Oprişeni,
Prevoroche [Oprysheny and Pryvoroky villages] (Ţopa,
1936); between Tarashany and Valya Kuzmina villages,
oak-beech forest along the old route, on Q. robur,
09.03.19, О. Volutsa, K. Kоrzhan (CHER!); [Note:
this locality should be considered as one site, since this
population parasitized hosts in the same forest, along
which are the villages mentioned above are located.
Moreover, this population, observed by us in 2019,
might be the one recorded by Herbich in 1853 and
1859); Kelmenets'ky District: near Hrushivtsi village,
Kelmenetske forestry, on Q. petraea, 21.05.2005,
O. Volutsa, A. Tokaryuk, T. Nykyrsa T. (CHER!) [now
Khotyns'ky National Park]; Ivanivtsi village, Carpinus–
Quercus forest, on Q. robur, 18.11.2018, О. Volutsa
(CHER!); Sokyrians'ky District: Lomacin-Pietrosul
Fig.3. Distribution map of Loranthus europaeus in Ukraine. Designations: ● – authors' observations during 2005–2019;
○ – observations from personal communications; ■ – data from the literature and herbarium specimens; □ – unconfirmed data
412 Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 2019, 76(5)
[Lomachyntsi village], 29.04.1935, E. Tsopa (CHER!);
"Pietrosul" Lomaceneţ jud. Hotin (Ţopa, 1936); slopes
of the Dnister Reservoir near Lomachyntsi village,
10.06.1985, [I. Kh.] Udra (KW009260!); Khotyns'ky
National Park, forest near Korman’ village, 15.04.2012,
D. Svyrydiuk (48°34′9.22″ N 27°10′33.01″ E,
pers. comm.); Khotyns'ky National Park, between
Kulyshivka and Korman villages, Romankivets'ke
forestry, oak forest on the slope of the Dnister River,
parasitic on Q. petraea, 11.08.2014, V. Budzhak,
I. Chorney, A. Tokaryuk (CHER!).
Zakarpattia Region. Berehivs'ky District: Berehy
village, in oak forest on Q. robur, 19.05.1947,
[?] Sladkevich, (KWHA!); in oak forest near Kvasove
village, parasitizing Q. robur, 17.06.1948, F. Gryn (KW!);
Kvasove (F. Gryn) (Bordzilovskyi, Lonachevskyi, 1952);
near Berehove and Velyka Bakchta, [05.06.1951],
I. Sydorenko, S. Fodor (UU); Berehove, in forest
Atak (F. Gryn) (Bordzilovskyi, Lonachevskyi, 1952);
Volcanic Carpathians, Golden Mountain in Berehove
city environs, SE slope, 16.08.1965, V. І. Chopyk (KW!);
near Dobrosillya (=Bene) village, above the Borzhava
River, 24.07.1985, І. Kh. Udra (KW!); Mukachevs'kyi
District: near Verchniy Koropets village, 20.05.1952,
I. Sydorenko (UU, image); Muckachevo city environs,
near monastery, 06.09.1972, О. M. Dubovyk (KW!);
near Mukachevo city, Lovachka Mt., (48°27′34.7″ N
22°42′00.7″ E), 11.07.2018. V. Loya (UU, pers. comm.);
Rakhivs'kyi District: oak forests, suburbs of Velykyy
Bychkiv, Transcarpathia, 06.02.2016, R. Gleb (pers.
comm., image); oak forests of Q. robur and Q. petraea,
Svydovets Ridges, 500–600 m a.s.l. (47°58′28.32″ N
24°2′21.42″ E), 05.11.2018, R. Gleb (pers. comm.,
image); Uzhhorods'kyi District: near Onokyvtsi village
(circa 48°40′05.2″ N 22°20′03.7″ N), 07.06.1946,
[?] Pavlova, ID 058614 (LW, image); near Onokyvtsi
village, Q. sessiliflora (Q. petraea) forest, 07.06.1946,
[?] Pavlova (KW!); Onokivtsi village environs,
11.09.1950, S. Fodor (UU, image); Onokyvtsi (Pavlova)
(Bordzilovskyi, Lonachevskyi, 1952); Uzhhorod city,
oak forest, 15.06.1951, I. Sydorenko, S. Fodor (UU,
image); near Kholmets’ (Helmech) village, 28.06.1956.
[?] Iliganets’, S. Fodor (UU, image).
Khmelnyts'kyi Region. Quercus–Carpinus forest,
natural and planted Q. petraea oak forests, Podils'ky
Tovtry National Nature Park (Novosad, Krytska,
Lyubinska, 2009). Chemerovets'kyi District: Cherche
village, Sadova Tovtra, 23.07.1963, 18.10.1967, 10.09.1968,
I.I. Moroz (KWHA!); Dunaivtsi District (Lyubinska,
Yuhlichek, 2017): Gorchychna (Lapchynskyi) [now
Girchychna]; Syvorogy (Makovetskyi) (Bordzilovskyi,
Lonachevskyi, 1952); between Syvorohy and
Kuzhelevo villages (Schmalhausen) (Schmalhausen,
1886; Bordzilovskyi, Lonachevskyi, 1952); Minkovtsy
[?] Podolie [?] de Nouo-Vuschitsa dans le bois [in
the forest] de Kovtonne sur un vieux chêne [on old
oak tree], pl[ante] parasite, pl[ante] rare, 14.08.1881,
[V.V.] Montresor (KW!) [between Mynkivtsi village and
Nova Ushitsya]; (Schmalhausen, 1886; Bordzilovskyi,
Lonachevskyi, 1952); on old oak trees near Minkovtsy
and Otrokova villages (Montresor, 1886); near Nova
Ushitsya by postal road to Yampil (Montresor, 1886);
Minkovets'ke forestry, on oaks, 25.06.1985, [I. Kh.] Udra
(KW! KW 009259); Kamianets-Podils'kyi District
(Lyubinska, Yuhlichek, 2017): between Demshyn and
Kytayhorod villages near mouth of the Ternava River
(Makovetskyi) (Bordzilovskyi, Lonachevskyi, 1952);
near Nygyn village, on oaks, at Tovry, 22.07.1935, Ol.
Sokolovsky, V. Schidlovsky (KWHU!); "Сykivs'ky"
landscape protected area (Kovalchuk, 2017); Podils'ky
Tovtry National Nature Park, near Vyhvatnivtsi village,
25.01.2018. D. Svyrydiuk, pers. comm. (48°40′05.2″ N
26°51′47.0″ E); Novoushitsky District: slopes of the
Dnister Reservoir near Rudkovtsy village [0]6.06.1985,
[I. Kh.] Udra (KW! KW009258).
Vinnytsya Region. Haysynskyi, Lypovetskyi,
Bratslavskyi Districts (Balkovsky) (Bordzilovskyi,
Lonachevskyi, 1952); Mohyliv-Podilskyi (Vilchyn-
skyi) (Bordzilovskyi, Lonachevskyi, 1952); Murovano-
kurylivets'ky District: Vyscheolchadayiv village, Vysche-
Olchadayivska sugarmill, at oaks at the edge of a forest,
Mohylivs'ka Ring Road, 30.09.1926, N.O. Verner,
M. Bilozor (KW!); Nemyrivs'kyi District, Bratslav city,
"…distributed exclusively….in our forests…" (Zhuravl,
1929); Sharhorodsky District: Kropyvna (Rogowitsch)
(Bordzilovskyi, Lonachevskyi, 1952); Derebchyn
(Vilchynsky) (Bordzilovskyi, Lonachevskyi, 1952);
Yampil's’kyi District: Bezvodne village, 21.06.1969,
D.S. Ivashin, I.I. Moroz (KWHA!).
Kyiv Region. Kagarlyts'ky District: Lipovets village.
"3361. Kiew, pr. Lipowez", 10.08.1857, Rogowitsch
[Rogovich]. Herb. Ed. Lindemann (MSUD,
image); "Kyiv Lipovetsky uyezd near Zabory farm in
Ometyn'skyi forest" [Киeв. Липов. у. около хутора
Заборы в Ометинском лес] (Schmalhausen, 1886).
Kyiv Region (unconfirmed). Kyiv environs, "…very
rare…on Quercus robur L. branches…" (Stankov, Taliyev,
1949; Atlas Florae Europaeae, 1976).
Crimea (unconfirmed). "…on Fagaceae…" (Beylin,
1986; Morozyuk, 1987; Golubev, 1996).
413Український ботанічний журнал, 2019, 76(5)
According to Fodor (1974), this hemiparasitic
species resides mainly in the Transcarpathian Lowland,
Foothills and the lower forest belt. Probably localities
in Ukraine are in the northeastern border of the range
of L. europaeus in Europe, and its distribution is limited
by climatic factors.
Zawadzki in his Enumeratio plantarum Galiciae et
Bucowinae (Zawadski, 1835) reported L. europaeus as
parazitizing oaks near Lviv ("Auf Eichen um Lemberg“),
though this record has not been confirmed later
(Bordzilovskyi, Lonachevskyi, 1952), or probably the
species has already disappeared in that locality. Тhus,
the first reliable and confirmed record of L. europaeus
in Ukraine was published by Herbich in his Stirpes
rariores Bucovinae... (Herbich, 1853), where the species
was reported "Im Walde bei Terescheni auf Eichen"
(Hlybots'kyi District, Chernivtsi Region). In his later
overview of the flora of Bukovina, Herbich (1859)
confirmed the locality of L. europaeus mentioned in his
previous publication: "Im Walde zwischen Terescheny
und Oprischeny parasitisch auf Eichen". Moreover, in
his book on plants of Galicia (Galychyna) and Bukovina
Ueber die Verbreitung in Galizien und der Bukowina
wildwachsenden Pflanzen Herbich (1861) summarized
the data on plant species composition in this region,
referring to his earlier works as well as to works of other
botanists, including the publication of Zavadsky, who
reported L. europaeus from Lviv (see above).
In turn, the first known records of L. europaeus
in Ukraine were reported by V.V. Montresor, who
collected it on 14 August, 1881 in Podillya (Latinized
as Podolia) near Nova Ushytsya (see the cited specimen
above). Montresor (1886: 59) reported Loranthus
europaeus only for the current Khmelnyts'kyi Region
as "Growing on old oaks near Mynkovets and Otrokova
villages of Nova Ushitsya county (uyezd – уезд); near
Nova Ushitsya by a postal road to Yampil city. August.
Flowers yellow-greenish, fruits yellowish. The plant is
parasitic [the archaic word "чужеядное" was used in
the original Russian text], rarely occurring" (translated
from Russian: Montresor, 1886). It is noteworthy that
the hemiparasite persisted in the same area for more
than 100 years, since it was recorded there also in
1985. In Murovanokurylivets'ky District, at Vysche-
Olchadayivska sugar mill of Vyscheolchadayiv village,
L. europaeus parasitized oaks at the edge of a forest
near Mohylivs'ka ring road, what was observed on 30
September 1926 by N.O. Verner and M. Bilozor. The
easternmost confirmed locality of L. europaeus in
Ukraine and in Eastern Europe in general is in a "pure"
(monodominant) oak forest near Bezvodne village
(Vinnytsya Region, Yampils'kyi District), where the
species was found on 21 June 1969.
Schmalhausen (1886) provided general data on the
range of L. europaeus and some localities in Kyiv and
Khmelnyts'kyi regions: on oaks, rarely, Lipovetsky
uyezd near Zabory farm in Ometyn'skyi forest near
Novoushytskyi uyezd between Syvoroha and Kuzhelivka
villages, Minkovtsy – in Koltun forest (Montresor!)
[На дубах; редко. Киeв. Липов. у. около хутора
Заборы в Ометинском лесу под. Новоуш. у. между
дд. Сиворога и Кужелевка! Миньковцы — в лесу
Колтун (Монтрезор!)].
The early collections of L. europaeus in the western
part of Ukraine were done by the Romanian botanist
Emilian Tsopa (Ţopa) in 1935 from the environs of
Lomachyntsi village (Sokyrians'ky District, Chernivtsi
Region); he reported it as a supposedly new species
for the regional flora [of North Basarabia] (Ţopa,
1936). This locality was also recorded by Udra in
1985. Loranthus europaeus from Chernivtsi Region
is also known from the Prut-Dnister interfluvial area
(Prut-Dnistrovske Mezhyrichchya) in Kelmenets'ky
and Sokyrians'ky districts and in Bukovynian Cis-
Carpathia (Bukovyns'ke Prykarpattia) in Hertsayivs'ky
and Hlybots'ky districts. Only 70 years after that record,
a new locality of L. europaeus parasitizing Q. petraea
was revealed near Hrushivtsi village (Kelmenets'ky
District) in 2005 (Volutsa, Nykyrsa, Tokaryuk, CHER),
then in 2012 by D. Svirydiuk near Korman’ village,
in 2013 in Kulykivka village (Hertsayivs'ky District)
(Volutsa, CHER), and in 2014 – between Kulyshivka
and Korman’ villages (Sokiryans'ky District) (Budzhak,
Chorney, Tokaryuk, CHER).
One of the largest surveyed populations of
L. europaeus in Chernivtsi Oblast was revealed recently
near Kulykivka village (Hertsayivs'ky District). The
total area of parasitized 15–25 m-high stands of
Quercus rubra was ca. 600 m2 (150 x 50 m2) located
at the northern slopes (30–40° steepness). Besides
Q. rubra, the forest comprised other trees and shrubs,
such as Q. robur, Carpinus betulus, Acer platanoides L.,
Fagus sylvatica L., Populus tremula L., and Cerasus
avium (L.) Moench (Prunus avium (L.) L.). It should be
noted that one of exophytes of L. europaeus was 1.5–2
m in diameter, and many residual parasitic stems on the
swollen host branches were revealed. However, only one
parasitized tree of Q. robur with a low rate of infestation
by L. europaeus was found in this locality, as compared
with Q. rubra; though, at the plain part of that hill three
414 Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 2019, 76(5)
more trees of Q. robur resided at the edge of a mixed
Quercus–Fagus forest, having several L. europaeus
exophytes on the upper thirds of trees. Thus, a tree 18
m tall and 30 cm in diameter had three yellow mistletoe
exophytes, while the other two trees, being 15–18 m tall
and 25–28 cm in diameter, had only one exophyte each.
A new site was revealed recently near Ivanivtsi
village (Kelmenets'ky District, Chernivtsi Region) on
18 November 2018, where L. europaeus parasitized
Q. robur trees (25–30-m tall and 50–100 cm in
diameter) forming the first layer of a Carpinus – Quercus
forest with the admixture of young Carpinus trees at the
second one located at the comparatively flat top of the
hill at the outskirts of the village towards Sokyryans'ky
District. This population of L. europaeus occupied ca.
5 ha (100 x 500 m2) of the forest with the central part
with small growing trees lacking the parasite due to
recent cuttings. Some exophytes reached 50–80 cm in
diameter, and, additionally, had abundant maturating
berries. The relative density of the infected trees was
ca. one plant per 25–50 m2. Regarding the relatively
rare occurrence of L. europaeus in Ukraine, and its
residence at the northeastern boarders of the Eastern
European part of the species range, this hemiparasitic
species is recommended to be protected at regional level
in Chernivtsi Region.
It is noteworthy that L. europaeus has been already
included to the list of rare, relict and endemic species
of the Eastern Podillya Region, namely, at the Сykivs'ky
landscape protected area, Khmelnyts'kyi Region
(Lyubinska, Yuhlichek, 2017). In turn, the yellow dwarf
mistletoe was revealed at Kamianets-Podil's’ky Region
on oaks near Nygyn village, at Tovtry by Ol. Sokolovsky
and V. Schidlovsky on 22.07.1935, also nearby, in
a Quercus–Сarpinus forest, natural and planted
Q. petraea oak forests in Podils'ky Tovtry National
Nature Park (Novosad et al., 2009), and recently, on
25 January 2018, by D. Svyrydiuk, in the same national
park. In Chemerovets'kyi District, near Cherche village
this hemiparasitic species parasitizing Q. robur was
recorded several times (23 July 1963, 18 October 1967,
10 September 1968). In Novoushitsky District I. Udra
collected L. europaeus at slopes of the Dnister Reservoir
near Rudkovtsy village on 6 June and 25 June 1985.
In the Carpathians Mountains, two adjacent
L. europaeus populations were recorded by R. Gleb on
11 May 2018 in the oak forests (50 х 25 m2) comprised
of Q. robur and Q. petraea located at one of ridges of the
Svydovets’ (near Velykyi Bychkiv village, Rakhivs'kyi
district) at altitudes of 500–600 m a. s. l. Circa 30%
of old Q. robur and Q. petraea trees on western slopes
(steepness 10–20°) were parasitized mostly in the
upper part of trees, ca. 5–10 aerial shoots per a host
tree. It is noteworthy that most of old oaks survived
cuttings. At the edge of a Fagus–Quercus deciduous
forest, two infected trees of Q. robur located at some
distance from each other were revealed on the western
slope (steepness 5°). Six heavily infected Q. robur trees
bearing 8–12 aerial shoots of L. europaeus at upper part
of the crowns were found by the edge of a 90 m-long
and 10–15 m-wide woodland belt on a northwestern
slope (steepness 5°). Moreover, at the eastern slope
(steepness 5–10°) at the edge of the oak forest, one
Q. robur tree was parasitized by 5–10 L. europaeus
individuals. In turn, on the western slope (steepness
5°) 8–10 hemiparasites were recorded on the upper
part of Q. robur and Q. petraea tree crowns (8 trees in
total). Furthermore, the largest L. europaeus samples
(more than 50 cm in diameter), 8–12 individuals per a
host tree, were observed on four Q. robur trees growing
at the edge of Fagus–Quercus forest on western slope
(steepness 5°).
In the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, Chorna Hora
Botanical Reserve (Vynohradivs'kyy district, near
Vynohradiv city), L. europaeus was recorded in Q. robur
and Q. petraea oak forests mixed with Fagus by R. Gleb on
25 February 2016. This population of the parasite resided
at northern slopes (steepness 5–25°) at 230 m a.s.l., and
circa 30% of the hosts were bearing L. europaeus aerial
shoots. It is worth mentioning that approximately 50%
of oaks were concomitantly infected by a transverse
cancer accompanied by the massive wilting of oak trees
in this locality.
The hemiparasite was also recorded at Mukachevo
city environs, near the monastery, on 6 September
1972 by О.M. Dubovyk. Several individuals of a
yellow mistletoe parasitized solitude Q. robur growing
at the side of road H09 (Muckachevo-Rohatyn) in
Zaluzhzhya village environs (Zakarpattia Region,
Muckachevs'ky district) on 13 November 2018. It was
collected by I. I. Moroz also at Berehivs'ky District at
Berehy village, on 9 May 1947, on Q. robur by F. Gryn in
an oak forest near Kvasove village on 17 June 1948, and
by I. Sydorenko and S. Fodor in Berehove and Velyka
Bakchta environs on 5 June 1951. The species occurs
also in Volcanic Carpathians, namely at southeastern
slopes of the Golden Mountain near Berehove city,
where it was recorded at 16 August 1965 by V. І. Chopyk,
and later, on 24 July 1985 at Dobrosillya (=Bene) village
environs above the Borzhava River, 24 July 1985, found
by І.Kh. Udra.
415Український ботанічний журнал, 2019, 76(5)
Unconfirmed and/or erroneous records
Loranthus europaeus from Vinnytsya Region
(Nemyrivskyi District, Bratslav city) was mentioned in
the Flora of Tultsyinshyna by Zhuravl (1929); however,
no herbarium specimens were found. In Kyiv Region,
the species was recorded on 10 August 1857 by A.S. [P.S.]
Rogovych [Rogowicz] in Kagarlyts'ky District, Lipovets
village, and the corresponding specimen is deposited
at MSUD (personal collection of E.E. Lindemann),
mentioned by Stankov and Taliev (1949) and later
in the Atlas Florae Europaeae (1976): "…on Quercus
robur branches – very rare, recorded for Kyiv environs.
Hemi-parasite". Finally, the most challenging task still
remains to confirm the observations from the Crimean
Peninsula on Fagaceae mentioned by Morozyuk (1987)
and Golubev (1996).
Generally, our data indicate that native (auto-
chthonous) deciduous species of oaks are primary hosts
for L. europaeus in Ukraine. Forty years ago the area
of oak forests in Ukraine embraced 26% of the total
forest cover in Ukraine (Shelyag-Sosonko, 1974), but
now they declined due to several anthropic and natural
factors. Species of Quercus often host both L. europaeus
and Viscum album L. in the western regions of the
country.
It is evident that this mistletoe species is not expected
to become a noxious pest causing considerable damage
to the Ukrainian forests, unlike Viscum album. Moreover,
in Khmelnyts'kyi Region L. europaeus is even included
in the list of regionally rare species (Kovalchuk, 2017).
Following the Second Addendum to the Decision
of the 5th Session of the Council of Khmelnyts'kyi
Region (Oblastna Rada) of 20 December 2006, No. 18-
5/2006, L. europaeus is present in the "List of species
recommended for special protection in Khmelnyts'kyi
Region" (see Andriyenko, Peregrym, 2012).
Conclusions
The geographic distribution range of the aerial
hemiparasitic plant species Loranthus europaeus in
Ukraine is confined to the southwestern regions of the
country. In total, this species was reported from ca. 30
localities in Ukraine, though the records from Kyiv
Region and Crimea remain unconfirmed. Loranthus
europaeus parasitizes Quercus species as its primary hosts
within its range in Ukraine. Due to its hemiparasitic
nature and limited distribution, L. europaeus is not
expected to become a noxious pest; on the contrary,
it is recommended to be protected in Ukraine at the
regional level.
Acknowledgments
The authors appreciate the kind help of curators and research
staff of the Ukrainian herbaria: Natalia Shiyan (KW);
Olexander Shynder (KWHA); Marychka Romaniv (LW);
Olena Bondarenko and Tetyana Vasylyeva (MSUD), Andriy
Yena (CSAU), as well as Myroslav Shevera (M.G. Kholodny
Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
Kyiv), who analyzed specimens from UU and UHM. The
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is acknowledged
for the research grant for young scientists (Agreement #
52/18А of 16 October 2018). We thank Kateřina Janošikova
(scientific illustrator, Centre for Science Communication,
Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic)
for illustrations (Fig. 1), and Vlasta Loya (M.M. Gryshko
National Botanical Garden, Kyiv, Ukraine), Karol Rydlo
(Zall Letov Simulátory, Olomouc, Czech Republic), Dmytro
Svyrydiuk (Podilski Tovtry National Nature Park, Ukraine),
and Mykyta Peregrym (Eszterházy Károly Egeyten, Eger,
Hungary) for digital images of L. europaeus. Microscopy
images (Fig. 2, I–R) were obtained using AXIO ZOOM
16 (Carl Zeiss, Germany) light microscope in the Centre
of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural
Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University (Olomouc,
Czech Republic). We are grateful to Prof. Sergei L. Mosyakin
(M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv) for his valuable taxonomic
suggestions, various corrections, and editorial improvement
of the language of the manuscript.
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-176809 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0372-4123 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:27:30Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Інститут ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Krasylenko, Yu.A. Gleb, R.Yu. Volutsa, O.D. 2021-02-08T12:21:36Z 2021-02-08T12:21:36Z 2019 Loranthus europaeus (Loranthaceae) in Ukraine: an overview of distribution patterns and hosts / Yu.A. Krasylenko, R.Yu. Gleb, O.D. Volutsa // Український ботанічний журнал. — 2019. — Т. 76, № 5. — С. 406-417. — Бібліогр.: 37 назв. — англ. 0372-4123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj76.05.406 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/176809 Updated information on geographic distribution patterns and hosts of Loranthus europaeus in Ukraine is presented as a list of known localities and a schematic map based on data of field observations, herbarium collections, and literature sources. The field study areas with eight localities directly surveyed by the authors included: Chernivtsi Region (Hertsayivs'ky and Kelmenets'ky districts), Zakarpattia (Transcarpathian) Region (Rakhivs'kyi District) and Khmelnyts'kyi Region (Kamianets-Podils'ky District) of Ukraine. In Ukraine L. europaeus has been recorded since the 19th century. In total, it was reported from ca. 30 localities in Ukraine, mostly in the southwestern regions of the country at the northeastern limits of the Eastern European part of its range. The records from Kyiv Region and Crimea remain questionable. Within its range in Ukraine, L. europaeus parasitizes Quercus species as its primary hosts. In our opinion, this mistletoe species is not expected to become a noxious pest causing considerable damage for the Ukrainian forests, unlike the European mistletoe, Viscum album. Moreover, L. europaeus is recommended for special protection in Khmelnyts'kyi Region and is included in the list of regionally rare plants of administrative units of Ukraine. У статті наведено оновлені відомості щодо поширення та рослин-господарів рідкісного стеблового напівпаразита дубової омели європейської (Loranthus europaeus) в Україні у вигляді переліку локалітетів та схематичної мапи, складеної на основі польових спостережень, опрацювання гербарних зборів та літературних джерел. Авторами було безпосередньо досліджено близько восьми локалітетів у Чернігівській (Герцаївський та Кельменецький райони), Закарпатській (Рахівський район) та Хмельницькій (Кам'янець-Подільський район) областях. Перші знахідки L. europaeus в Україні відомі з 19 ст. Загалом, цей вид знайдено у близько 30 локалітетах переважно у південно-західний частині України, де він перебуває на північно-східній межі східноєвропейського ареалу. Знахідки у Київський області та Криму потребують підтвердження. Головними господарями L. europaeus в Україні є різні види дубів (Quercus spp.). Цей вид омели, на відміну від омели білої (Viscum album), не завдає суттєвої шкоди лісам України і наразі вона не вважається фітокарантинним видом. Більш того, L. europaeus рекомендовано охороняти на регіональному рівні у Хмельницькій області. The authors appreciate the kind help of curators and research staff of the Ukrainian herbaria: Natalia Shiyan (KW); Olexander Shynder (KWHA); Marychka Romaniv (LW); Olena Bondarenko and Tetyana Vasylyeva (MSUD), Andriy Yena (CSAU), as well as Myroslav Shevera (M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv), who analyzed specimens from UU and UHM. The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is acknowledged for the research grant for young scientists (Agreement # 52/18А of 16 October 2018). We thank Kateřina Janošikova (scientific illustrator, Centre for Science Communication, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic) for illustrations (Fig. 1), and Vlasta Loya (M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, Kyiv, Ukraine), Karol Rydlo (Zall Letov Simulátory, Olomouc, Czech Republic), Dmytro Svyrydiuk (Podilski Tovtry National Nature Park, Ukraine), and Mykyta Peregrym (Eszterházy Károly Egeyten, Eger, Hungary) for digital images of L. europaeus. Microscopy images (Fig. 2, I–R) were obtained using AXIO ZOOM 16 (Carl Zeiss, Germany) light microscope in the Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University (Olomouc, Czech Republic). We are grateful to Prof. Sergei L. Mosyakin (M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv) for his valuable taxonomic suggestions, various corrections, and editorial improvement of the language of the manuscript. en Інститут ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України Український ботанічний журнал Систематика, флористика, географія рослин Loranthus europaeus (Loranthaceae) in Ukraine: an overview of distribution patterns and hosts Loranthus europaeus (Loranthaceae) в Україні: огляд особливостей поширення та рослин-господарів Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Loranthus europaeus (Loranthaceae) in Ukraine: an overview of distribution patterns and hosts Krasylenko, Yu.A. Gleb, R.Yu. Volutsa, O.D. Систематика, флористика, географія рослин |
| title | Loranthus europaeus (Loranthaceae) in Ukraine: an overview of distribution patterns and hosts |
| title_alt | Loranthus europaeus (Loranthaceae) в Україні: огляд особливостей поширення та рослин-господарів |
| title_full | Loranthus europaeus (Loranthaceae) in Ukraine: an overview of distribution patterns and hosts |
| title_fullStr | Loranthus europaeus (Loranthaceae) in Ukraine: an overview of distribution patterns and hosts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Loranthus europaeus (Loranthaceae) in Ukraine: an overview of distribution patterns and hosts |
| title_short | Loranthus europaeus (Loranthaceae) in Ukraine: an overview of distribution patterns and hosts |
| title_sort | loranthus europaeus (loranthaceae) in ukraine: an overview of distribution patterns and hosts |
| topic | Систематика, флористика, географія рослин |
| topic_facet | Систематика, флористика, географія рослин |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/176809 |
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