Increasing grain yield potential and stability in durum winter wheat in Ukraine
Aims. To test different features of yield structure and adaptive qualities of durum winter wheat varieties this influenced on significant rise of yield potential and stability. Methods. The first varieties of typical winter durum wheat were created by interspecies hybridization varieties of bread wi...
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Інститут молекулярної біології і генетики НАН України
2014
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nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-1783512025-02-09T20:21:21Z Increasing grain yield potential and stability in durum winter wheat in Ukraine Palamarchuk, A.I. Прикладна генетика і селекція Aims. To test different features of yield structure and adaptive qualities of durum winter wheat varieties this influenced on significant rise of yield potential and stability. Methods. The first varieties of typical winter durum wheat were created by interspecies hybridization varieties of bread winter and durum spring wheat, following by saturated crosses with bread winter wheat. Results. Introgression into genotype of extensive varieties of durum winter wheat genes of dwarfness and alleles of low photoperiodic sensitivity resulted by grain yield rising on 1.8 t/ha compare to previous varieties exchange. These modifications become possible because of redistribution of plastic matters during ontogenesis to grain part, as yield index showed. Productivity increasing of varieties of durum winter wheat was dependent on rising of biomass (+0.62 kg/m²), at first. Conclusions. Increasing of potential productivity and stability of grain yield of durum winter wheat can’t be achieved without high adaptability to a biotical and biotical factors of stress environment. Key words: durum winter wheat, yield potential, varieties, adaptability. 2014 Article Increasing grain yield potential and stability in durum winter wheat in Ukraine / A.I. Palamarchuk // Фактори експериментальної еволюції організмів: Зб. наук. пр. — 2014. — Т. 15. — С. 269-273. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. 2219-3782 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/178351 633. 112. 1. 631. 527. 2 en Фактори експериментальної еволюції організмів application/pdf Інститут молекулярної біології і генетики НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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English |
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Прикладна генетика і селекція Прикладна генетика і селекція |
| spellingShingle |
Прикладна генетика і селекція Прикладна генетика і селекція Palamarchuk, A.I. Increasing grain yield potential and stability in durum winter wheat in Ukraine Фактори експериментальної еволюції організмів |
| description |
Aims. To test different features of yield structure and adaptive qualities of durum winter wheat varieties this influenced on significant rise of yield potential and stability. Methods. The first varieties of typical winter durum wheat were created by interspecies hybridization varieties of bread winter and durum spring wheat, following by saturated crosses with bread winter wheat. Results. Introgression into genotype of extensive varieties of durum winter wheat genes of dwarfness and alleles of low photoperiodic sensitivity resulted by grain yield rising on 1.8 t/ha compare to previous varieties exchange. These modifications become possible because of redistribution of plastic matters during ontogenesis to grain part, as yield index showed. Productivity increasing of varieties of durum winter wheat was dependent on rising of biomass (+0.62 kg/m²), at first. Conclusions. Increasing of potential productivity and stability of grain yield of durum winter wheat can’t be achieved without high adaptability to a biotical and biotical factors of stress environment.
Key words: durum winter wheat, yield potential, varieties, adaptability. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Palamarchuk, A.I. |
| author_facet |
Palamarchuk, A.I. |
| author_sort |
Palamarchuk, A.I. |
| title |
Increasing grain yield potential and stability in durum winter wheat in Ukraine |
| title_short |
Increasing grain yield potential and stability in durum winter wheat in Ukraine |
| title_full |
Increasing grain yield potential and stability in durum winter wheat in Ukraine |
| title_fullStr |
Increasing grain yield potential and stability in durum winter wheat in Ukraine |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Increasing grain yield potential and stability in durum winter wheat in Ukraine |
| title_sort |
increasing grain yield potential and stability in durum winter wheat in ukraine |
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Інститут молекулярної біології і генетики НАН України |
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2014 |
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Прикладна генетика і селекція |
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https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/178351 |
| citation_txt |
Increasing grain yield potential and stability in durum winter wheat in Ukraine / A.I. Palamarchuk // Фактори експериментальної еволюції організмів: Зб. наук. пр. — 2014. — Т. 15. — С. 269-273. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Фактори експериментальної еволюції організмів |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT palamarchukai increasinggrainyieldpotentialandstabilityindurumwinterwheatinukraine |
| first_indexed |
2025-11-30T11:14:01Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-11-30T11:14:01Z |
| _version_ |
1850213654822125568 |
| fulltext |
269
UDC 633. 112. 1. 631. 527. 2
PALAMARCHUK A.I.
Plant Breeding & Genetics Institute – National Center of Seed and Cultivar Investigation,
Ukraine, 65036, Odessa, Ovidiopolskaya road, 3, e-mail:a_palamarchuk@ukr.net
INCREASING GRAIN YIELD POTENTIAL AND STABILITY IN DURUM WINTER
WHEAT IN UKRAINE
Invests into a soil and water unit will be
decreasing during next century due to prognoses.
Scientific investigations show that seed wheat
production must grow up on 1.6 per cent a year next
20years to satisfy wheat requirement in the world.
This complete task to intensify theoretical and
practical breeding and secure further rise in wheat
seed production [1]. Durum wheat was spread on
15.5–18.3 mln ha and annual seed production – 30–
35 mln ton. Average yield of it is 2.2 t/ha, that on
0.5 t/ha more then main yield of durum wheat in
1986 year [2]. This progress was possible because
of significant increase of breeding work level in the
world. During 27 years (1967–1994) harvest
increasing of spring durum wheat was 1.7 per cent a
year, and twice times more then progress of bread
whet breeding (0.9 per cent last 30 years) [3, 4]. In
Ukraine we must to provide in production winter
durum wheat varieties two-three times preyielded
spring varieties of this culture because of more
effective using of autumn-winter moisture of soil.
We tested futures and peculiarities of the culture
and as a result of breeding work in Plant Breeding
and Genetics Institute (PBGI) the seed harvest of
new varieties 3.41–4.36 t/ha more than the first var.
Michurinka and Novomichurinka had.
Material end methods
The first varieties of typical winter durum
wheat Michurinka and Novomichurinka were
created by interspecies hybridization varieties of
bread winter and durum spring wheat, following by
saturated crosses with bread winter wheat.
Systematic improving of durum winter wheat has
been initiated on the 70th of the XX century. New
initial material of winter durum wheat was created
on introgression of dwarf-genes and alleles with
low photoperiodic sensitiveness, improving of
flower fertility and resistance to biotic and a biotic
stress. Dwarfness donors in hybridization were the
most frost and winter resistant varieties of durum
winter wheat of extensive type: Novomichurinka,
Rubizch, Odeska Jubileina, Kharkivska 1 and est.
Results and discussion
As a result of these researches the initial
material was created and potential of productivity
raised up to 2.0–2.5 times. Development on this
material of breeding program gave a possibility to
breed the first varieties of shortness durum winter
wheat in the Soviet Union. There were Parus and
Koral Odesky registries in 1983 and 1985 years in
the State varieties Register of the Ukraine and
Russian Federation. Productivity of durum winter
wheat have increased on 2.3 t/ha compare to
Michurinka and Novomichurinka, and on 1.8 t/ha
respectively to cultivated varieties [5, 6]. During
this period 5 strain renovations have place in the
Ukraine. Grain yields of durum winter wheat
varieties increased on 4.36 t/ha, or 148.8 per cent
(table 1), under comparative condition of tests.
Absence of stabile yields of new varieties in years
had shown low lever of their adaptive to stress
factors of environment. The main a biotic factors
decreased stability of yield in the Sought Ukraine
was low resistance to frost, winter and drought. As
far as simple interspecies and top crosses did not
give adapted to local conditions varieties of durum
winter wheat, then this problem was solved by
polystaged hybridization with adaptive to stress
conditions initial material. Long term investigation
of the PBGI and other institutes had demonstrated
that all relatively frost and winter resistant varieties
and forms of durum winter wheat included
cytoplasm of winter resistant varieties of bread
winter wheat. High winter resistant varieties of
bread winter wheat and well adapted to local
conditions varieties and forms of durum winter
wheat of our own breeding have been included to
breeding work to create winter and frost resistant
initial material. On plants F1 of species hybrids have
been made following crosses by winter and frost
resistant varieties and forms of durum winter wheat
to confirm tetraploid genome stability and it winter
resistance. After some years of selection hybrid
material has been crossed with winter resistant
varieties of bread and durum wheat from different
agro ecological zones that allowed accumulating
adaptive features in initial material.
270
Table 1. Grain yields of durum winter wheat in different strain renovation in comparison varieties test
of PBGI in 2007–2010 years (background-black fallow)
Over yield on strain renovation,
t/ha Strain
renovation Variety Years of
cultivation
Average grain
yield, t/ha The first The previous
I Michurinka
Novomichurinka
1960–1968
1963–1970 2.93 - -
0.28
II Rubizch
Odeska Jubileina
1969–1975
1972–1980 3.43 0.50 0.50
III Parus
Koral Odesky
1983–2000
1985–2002 5.23 2.30 1.80
IV
Iceberg Odesky
Aliy Parus
Delpfin
Argonavt
Perlina Odeska
Zolote Runo
Laguna
1990
1993
1999
2001
2001
2004
2005
6.34 3.42 1.11
V
Gardemarine
Burshtyn
Kontinent
Tavrida
Kreiser
Lincor
Bosfor
Gavan
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2010
2011
2011
7.29 4.36 0.95
Breeding of durum winter wheat in the PBGI
had carried from long straw extensive varieties with
a number of negative features and indexes to semi
dwarf and dwarf varieties with increasing
productivity and improving their economic
characteristics. Yield of modern varieties of durum
winter wheat compare to the first of them –
Michurinka and Novomichurinka increased on 2.5
times in steppe zone and on 2.8–3.0 times in forest-
steppe zone. Plants height had decreased from the
third to the fifth varieties exchange on 45.1; 36.0;
33.3 cm compared to the first one. Yield has in that
groups gradually increased on 2.3; 3.4; 4.4 t/ha. At
that time frost resistance had increased too. That is
why frost resistance collection and breeding
material were tested by freezing in climatizer at 17–
19 °C of frost. Varieties Aliy Parus, Perlina Odeska,
Gardemarine, Burshtyn, Tavrida and Bosfor had
higher frost resistance compare to standard Iceberg
Odesky, and Laguna and Kontinent had the same.
Level of frost resistance of durum winter
wheat given on figure 1 was confirmed by
unprecedented freezing under field conditions from
29 January to 15 February 2012 when temperature
in tillering node was -8.5 – -11.3 °C without of any
snow cover. Living plants were counted per 1m2
before harvest (table 2). Under hard winter
conditions the next varieties: Iceberg Odesky, Aliy
Parus, Perlina Odeska, Gardemarine, Burstyn,
Tavride, Kontinent and Bosfor were characterized
by high frost resistance. The best frost and winter
resistance had demonstrated varieties which had
necessity in long time vernalization and strong
photoperiodic sensitivity. But more sustained yield
of grain in the South of Ukraine gave varieties of
durum winter wheat with long term vernalization
necessity (30–35 days) and semi strong
photoperiodic sensitivity. They earlier begin to
vegetate and better used soil moisture in spring.
Iceberg Odesky is one of such a variety; it occupies
the main areal in the south part of winter wheat
zone of SNG countries (28 regions and districts).
Varieties Argonavt, Laguna, Gardemarine, Tavrida
and Gavan are the same rate. Varieties characterized
by middle necessity in vernalization and neutral
reaction on photoperiodic sensitivity (Perlina
Odeska, Burshtun, Kontinent) better then others
used soil moisture after winter to form high
productivity.
271
Table 2. Frost resistance of durum winter wheat varieties in the ecological varieties test 2011–2012
years (black fallow, planting rate 5 mln germinating seeds on hectare, date of sowing 7.10.2011)
Frost resistance Frost resistance NN Variety plants per sent NN Variety plants per sent
1 Novomichurinka 194 38.8 12 Zolote Runo 186 37.2
2 Odeska Yantarna 166 33.2 13 Laguna 254 50.8
3 Rubizch 190 38.0 14 Gardemarine 258 51.6
4 Odeska Jubileina 189 37.8 15 Burshtyn 268 53.6
5 Parus 142 28.4 16 Kontinent 256 51.2
6 Koral Odesky 199 39.8 17 Tavrida 255 51.0
7 Iceberg Odesky 276 55.2 18 Kreiser 218 43.6
8 Aliy Parus 282 56.4 19 Lincor 193 38.6
9 Delfin 214 42.8 20 Bosfor 288 57.6
10 Argonavt 251 50.2 21 Gavan 229 45.8
11 Perlina Odeska 257 51.4 22 Kassiopeya 225 45.0
Microevolution of durum winter wheat
breeding in Ukraine directed to decreasing straw
height for improving varieties resistance to lodging
and increasing of yield index (table 3). Reducing of
straw height due to change of plant architectonics
and different elements of yield structure. On the
first stage of straw height reducing (var. Parus and
Koral Odesky – the third renovation) significant
yield increase was achieved by rise of grain mass in
kernel on 0.35, grain mass from plant – 0.7, and
seed size – 14.9 g. Productive tillering of the
varieties increased on 0.15 pieces. Redistribution of
plastic matters during ontogenesis for grain part of
plant from common biological yield was confirmed
by yield index.
Ratio of common plants biomass and grain
part before harvest for taller varieties was 0.19–
0.27, and for Parus and Koral Odesky 0.60 and
0.59, relatively Grain part increased in common
biological yield on 2.2–3.1 times. The first semi
dwarf varieties Parus and Koral Odesky had
significantly increased productive potential of
durum winter wheat, but they were quit sensibly to
uncomfortable environments which were very
typical for the North Black sea region. It was
necessary to improve adaptive features of new
varieties by breeding polystaged hybridization was
used – created semi dwarf forms were crossed with
adapted to local conditions varieties and forms of
durum winter wheat. Var. Iceberg Odesky (1985)
and Aliy Parus (1990) were the result of this
breeding work.
The varieties were cultivated in the Steppe
and Forest steppe zone of Ukraine and in the other
countries more then 20 years. Into the Register were
introduced var. Delpfin, Argonavt, Perlina Odeska,
Zolote Runo, Laguna, which were characterized by
higher yield and grain quality, good reaction on
high fertilizing and complex resistance to spreaded
diseases. Different elements of yield structure
ensured rise of their productivity. Risen grain yield
of these varieties was the result of growing biomass
(+0.62 kg/m2). Decreasing of yield index (-13.9)
did not affected their productivity because of
increasing grain number in main spike (+6.2) and
other productive spires of plant (+0.09 g). Although
rate of grain fulling became better (varieties headed
and matured later), raised seed volume weigh due to
its uniform. In fact the yield of these varieties raised
on 0.06 kg/m2 compare to Parus and Koral Odesky.
Varieties of durum winter wheat had included to the
Register of plants (2006–2011), Gardemarine,
Burshtyn, Kontinent, Tavrida, Kreiser, Lincor,
Bosfor and Gavan, increased their yield by rising of
biomass (+0.12 kg/m2) and number of grains in a
spike (+0.05 kg/m2). Main spike had on 3.2 grain
more (in average) and it’s weight became more on
0.07g for this pike and 0.22g from other one. Yield
index increased (+1.2) too, but 1000 grain weight
had decreased (-2.8 g).
Conclusions
Introgression into genotype of extensive
varieties of durum winter wheat genes of dwarfness
and alleles of low photoperiodic sensitivity resulted
by grain yield rising on 18.0 c/ha compare to
previous varieties exchange. These modifications
become possible because of redistribution of plastic
matters during ontogenesis to grain part, as yield
index showed. Yield index of extensive varieties
was 0.19–0.27, varieties Parus and Koral Odesky
had yield indexes – 0.60 and 0.59, respectively.
Grain part had increased in total biological yield on
2.2–3.1 times. Productivity increasing of varieties
of durum winter wheat was dependent on rising of
biomass (+0,62 kg/m2), at first. Although yield
index had decreased (-13.9), new varieties had more
272
grains in a main spike (+6.2) and in other
productive spikes (+0.09 g) and total on one square
meter.
Varieties of the last germination had yield
increasing due to rising of biomass (+0.12 kg/m2),
grain number in a spike on 1m2 (+0.05 kg/m2).
Grain number in a spike increased on 3.2 grains,
and their weight from a spike – on 0.07 g, and from
regrowthes – 0.22 g yield index had demonstrated
some increasing (+1.2) and decreasing of 1000
grain mass (-2.8 g). Modern varieties of durum
winter wheat had more prolonged period of
vegetation on 2–3 days.
Increasing of potential productivity and
stability of grain yield of durum winter wheat can’t
be achieved without high adaptability to a biotical
and biotical factors of stress environment.
Table 3. Index of yield structure of durum winter wheat varieties of PBGI, breeding which were
introduce to the Register of plant varieties of Ukraine (average for 2008–2011 years)
Yield, kg/m2
Variety
Plant
height,
cm
Lodging
resistance
points straw grain biomass
Crop
yield
index
Novomichurinka 132.7 4.0 1.65 0.31 1.96 0.19
Rubizch 128.5 3.0 1.78 0.45 2.23 0.25
Odeska Yubileina 143.9 3.5 1.86 0.49 2.35 0.27
Parus 86.7 5.0 1.35 0.82 2.17 0.60
Koral Odesky 88.6 5.0 1.37 0.82 2.19 0.59
Iceberg Odesky 93.6 4.5 1.80 0.87 2.67 0.48
Aliy Parus 94.6 4.5 1.79 0.94 2.73 0.52
Delpfin 99.1 4.5 1.95 0.82 2.77 0.42
Argonavt 97.7 4.5 1.98 0.93 2.91 0.47
Perlina Odeska 96.4 5.0 2.02 0.94 2.96 0.46
Zolote Runo 102.8 4.5 1.92 0.79 2.71 0.41
Laguna 93.0 5.0 2.02 0.87 2.89 0.43
Gardemarine 98.2 5.0 2.15 0.93 3.08 0.43
Burshtyn 101.6 4.5 1.96 1.03 2.99 0.52
Kontinent 94.4 5.0 1.86 0.90 2.76 0.48
Tavrida 95.1 5.0 1.90 0.93 2.83 0.49
Kreiser 101.1 4.5 2.05 0.94 2.99 0.46
Lincor 93.3 5.0 1.95 0.87 2.82 0.45
Bosfor 104.4 5.0 2.02 0.91 2.93 0.45
Gavan 106.8 4.5 2.02 0.93 2.95 0.46
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273
PALAMARCHUK A.I.
Plant Breeding & Genetics Institute – National Center of Seed and Cultivar Investigation, Ukraine, 65036,
Odessa, Ovidiopolskaya road, 3, e-mail:a_palamarchuk@ukr.net
INCREASING GRAIN YIELD POTENTIAL AND STABILITY IN DURUM WINTER WHEAT IN
UKRAINE
Aims. To test different features of yield structure and adaptive qualities of durum winter wheat varieties this
influenced on significant rise of yield potential and stability. Methods. The first varieties of typical winter
durum wheat were created by interspecies hybridization varieties of bread winter and durum spring wheat,
following by saturated crosses with bread winter wheat. Results. Introgression into genotype of extensive
varieties of durum winter wheat genes of dwarfness and alleles of low photoperiodic sensitivity resulted by
grain yield rising on 1.8 t/ha compare to previous varieties exchange. These modifications become possible
because of redistribution of plastic matters during ontogenesis to grain part, as yield index showed.
Productivity increasing of varieties of durum winter wheat was dependent on rising of biomass
(+0.62 kg/m2), at first. Conclusions. Increasing of potential productivity and stability of grain yield of durum
winter wheat can’t be achieved without high adaptability to a biotical and biotical factors of stress
environment.
Key words: durum winter wheat, yield potential, varieties, adaptability.
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