Improvement of the operational Properties of sintered Copper steel through the use of an efficient alloying method
Introduction. The alloying of powder steels, unlike cast steels, has a number of characteristic features due to the specifics of their preparation. The method of introducing the alloying component into the charge has a significant effect on the compactability, compressibility, structure and properti...
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nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-1788372025-02-23T18:34:51Z Improvement of the operational Properties of sintered Copper steel through the use of an efficient alloying method Підвищення експлуатаційних можливостей спечених мідистих сталей Pinchuk, S.Y. Vnukov, O.O. Kushnir, Yu.J. Roslyk, I.G. Cвіт інновацій Introduction. The alloying of powder steels, unlike cast steels, has a number of characteristic features due to the specifics of their preparation. The method of introducing the alloying component into the charge has a significant effect on the compactability, compressibility, structure and properties of sintered alloy steels. Problem Statement. Existing alloying methods often do not provide a uniform distribution of alloying elements over the volume of the powder mixture, which leads to uneven density and a decrease in the strength properties of sintered steel. Purpose. The purpose of research is to improve the technological properties of powder mixtures by using the most effective method for alloying sintered steels with copper Materials and Methods. As initial materials, we used sprayed iron powders of the ПЖР 3.200.28 grade (GOST-9849-86) and steel powder 70, which have low formability and green strength. A copper coating on iron powder particles was obtained by internal electrolysis (chemical cementation) in an acidic aqueous solution of copper sulfate with the addition of ferrous sulfate (II). Mechanosynthesis was carried out in a planetary ball mill. The technological properties of the powders were determined by standard methods: flowability ISO 4490, bulk density ISO 3923, compressibility ISO 3927, green strength ISO3995. Results. The research has been done in regard to the set of technological and physical properties of powder materials, as well as the mechanical characteristics and the structure of sintered construction materials obtained through the use of various technological methods of alloying with copper and carbon: mechanical mixing, mechanosynthesis and copperizing (chemical cementation). A comparative analysis the properties of the materials obtained has been carried out and the optimal alloying method has been determined. It has been established that powder materials alloyed using the chemical cementation method have the highest level of technological and mechanical characteristics. Conclusion. Chemical cementation alloying method can be recommended for the industrial production of sintered construction copper steels, since the use of it provides a high level of mechanical properties of the material and makes economic sense. Вступ. Легування порошкових сталей, на відміну від литих, має ряд характерних особливостей, зумовлених специфікою їх отримання. Спосіб введення легуючого компоненту у шихту впливає суттєво на її формованість, пресованість, структуру та властивості спечених легованих сталей. Проблематика. Методи легування, що існують, часто не забезпечують рівномірного розподілу легуючих елементів по всьому об’ємі порошкової шихти, що призводить до нерівномірної щільності та, відповідно, до зниження міцності спеченої сталі. Мета. Підвищення технологічних властивостей спечених сталей шляхом легування залізного порошку міддю, а саме механічного синтезу, механічного змішування та оміднення. Матеріали й методи. Вихідними матеріалами слугували розпилені порошки заліза марки ПЖР 3.200.28 (ГОС Т 9849-86) і порошок сталі 70, які мають низькі показники формованості та міцності неспеченої пресовки. Мідне покриття на частинках залізного порошку отримували методом внутрішнього електролізу (хімічної цементації) в кислому водному розчині сірчанокислої міді з додаванням сірчанокислого заліза (ІІ). Механосинтез та механічне змішування здійснювали в планетарному кульовому млині. Технологічні властивості порошків визначали стандартними методами: текучість ІСО 4490, насипна щільність ІСО 3923, пресованість ІСО 3927, міцність неспеченої пресовки ІСО 3995. Результати. Досліджено комплекс технологічних, фізичних властивостей порошкових матеріалів, а також механічних характеристик і структури спечених конструкційних матеріалів на основі заліза, отриманих із застосуванням різних технологічних прийомів легування міддю і вуглецем: механічного змішування, механосинтеза і оміднення (хімічної цементації). Виконано порівняльний аналіз властивостей отриманих матеріалів і визначено оптимальний спосіб легування. Встановлено, що найбільш високим рівнем технологічних і механічних характеристик володіють порошкові матеріали, леговані методом хімічної цементації. Висновки. Зазначений метод можна рекомендувати для промислового виробництва спечених конструкційних мідистих сталей, оскільки він забезпечує високий рівень механічних властивостей матеріалу і є економічно вигідним. 2020 Article Improvement of the operational Properties of sintered Copper steel through the use of an efficient alloying method / S.Y. Pinchuk, O.O. Vnukov, Yu.J. Kushnir, I.G. Roslyk // Наука та інновації. — 2020. — Т. 16, № 1. — С. 81-87. — Бібліогр.: 24 назв. — англ. 1815-2066 DOI: doi.org/10.15407/scin16.01.081 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/178837 en Наука та інновації application/pdf Видавничий дім "Академперіодика" НАН України |
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Cвіт інновацій Cвіт інновацій |
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Cвіт інновацій Cвіт інновацій Pinchuk, S.Y. Vnukov, O.O. Kushnir, Yu.J. Roslyk, I.G. Improvement of the operational Properties of sintered Copper steel through the use of an efficient alloying method Наука та інновації |
| description |
Introduction. The alloying of powder steels, unlike cast steels, has a number of characteristic features due to the specifics of their preparation. The method of introducing the alloying component into the charge has a significant effect on the compactability, compressibility, structure and properties of sintered alloy steels.
Problem Statement. Existing alloying methods often do not provide a uniform distribution of alloying elements over the volume of the powder mixture, which leads to uneven density and a decrease in the strength properties of sintered steel.
Purpose. The purpose of research is to improve the technological properties of powder mixtures by using the most effective method for alloying sintered steels with copper
Materials and Methods. As initial materials, we used sprayed iron powders of the ПЖР 3.200.28 grade (GOST-9849-86) and steel powder 70, which have low formability and green strength. A copper coating on iron powder particles was obtained by internal electrolysis (chemical cementation) in an acidic aqueous solution of copper sulfate with the addition of ferrous sulfate (II). Mechanosynthesis was carried out in a planetary ball mill. The technological properties of the powders were determined by standard methods: flowability ISO 4490, bulk density ISO 3923, compressibility ISO 3927, green strength ISO3995.
Results. The research has been done in regard to the set of technological and physical properties of powder materials, as well as the mechanical characteristics and the structure of sintered construction materials obtained through the use of various technological methods of alloying with copper and carbon: mechanical mixing, mechanosynthesis and copperizing (chemical cementation). A comparative analysis the properties of the materials obtained has been carried out and the optimal alloying method has been determined. It has been established that powder materials alloyed using the chemical cementation method have the highest level of technological and mechanical characteristics.
Conclusion. Chemical cementation alloying method can be recommended for the industrial production of sintered construction copper steels, since the use of it provides a high level of mechanical properties of the material and makes economic sense. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Pinchuk, S.Y. Vnukov, O.O. Kushnir, Yu.J. Roslyk, I.G. |
| author_facet |
Pinchuk, S.Y. Vnukov, O.O. Kushnir, Yu.J. Roslyk, I.G. |
| author_sort |
Pinchuk, S.Y. |
| title |
Improvement of the operational Properties of sintered Copper steel through the use of an efficient alloying method |
| title_short |
Improvement of the operational Properties of sintered Copper steel through the use of an efficient alloying method |
| title_full |
Improvement of the operational Properties of sintered Copper steel through the use of an efficient alloying method |
| title_fullStr |
Improvement of the operational Properties of sintered Copper steel through the use of an efficient alloying method |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Improvement of the operational Properties of sintered Copper steel through the use of an efficient alloying method |
| title_sort |
improvement of the operational properties of sintered copper steel through the use of an efficient alloying method |
| publisher |
Видавничий дім "Академперіодика" НАН України |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| topic_facet |
Cвіт інновацій |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/178837 |
| citation_txt |
Improvement of the operational Properties of sintered Copper steel through the use of an efficient alloying method / S.Y. Pinchuk, O.O. Vnukov, Yu.J. Kushnir, I.G. Roslyk // Наука та інновації. — 2020. — Т. 16, № 1. — С. 81-87. — Бібліогр.: 24 назв. — англ. |
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Наука та інновації |
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81
СВІТ ІННОВАЦІй
https://doi.org/10.15407/scin16.01.081
PinChuk, s.y., vnukov, o.o.,
kushnir, yu.o., and rosLyk, i.G.
National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine,
4, Gagarin Ave., Dnipro, 49600, Ukraine,
+380 56 745 3156, nmetau@nmetau.edu.ua
iMPRoveMent oF tHe oPeRationaL
PRoPeRtieS oF SinteRed
coPPeR SteeL tHRoUGH tHe USe
oF an eFFicient aLLoYinG MetHod
цитування: Pinchuk, s.y., vnukov, o.o., kushnir, yu.o., and roslyk, i.G. improvement of the operational
Properties of sintered Copper steel through the use of an efficient alloying method. Nauka innov. 2020.
v. 16, no. 1. P. 81—87. https://doi.org/10.15407/scin16.01.081
Introduction. The alloying of powder steels, unlike cast steels, has a number of characteristic features due to the
specifics of their preparation. The method of introducing the alloying component into the charge has a signifi cant
effect on the compactability, compressibility, structure and properties of sintered alloy steels.
Problem Statement. Existing alloying methods often do not provide a uniform distribution of alloying ele-
ments over the volume of the powder mixture, which leads to uneven density and a decrease in the strength proper-
ties of sintered steel.
Purpose. The purpose of research is to improve the technological properties of powder mixtures by using the
most effective method for alloying sintered steels with copper
Materials and Methods. As initial materials, we used sprayed iron powders of the ПЖР 3.200.28 grade
(GOST-9849-86) and steel powder 70, which have low formability and green strength. A copper coating on iron
powder particles was obtained by internal electrolysis (chemical cementation) in an acidic aqueous solution of
copper sulfate with the addition of ferrous sulfate (II). Mechanosynthesis was carried out in a planetary ball mill.
The technological properties of the powders were determined by standard methods: flowability ISO 4490, bulk
density ISO 3923, compressibility ISO 3927, green strength ISO3995.
Results. The research has been done in regard to the set of technological and physical properties of powder
materials, as well as the mechanical characteristics and the structure of sintered construction materials obtained
through the use of various technological methods of alloying with copper and carbon: mechanical mixing, mecha-
nosynthesis and copperizing (chemical cementation). A comparative analysis the properties of the materials ob-
tained has been carried out and the optimal alloying method has been determined. It has been established that
powder materials alloyed using the chemical cementation method have the highest level of technological and me-
chanical characteristics.
Conclusion. Chemical cementation alloying method can be recommended for the industrial production of
sintered construction copper steels, since the use of it provides a high level of mechanical properties of the mate-
rial and makes economic sense.
K e y w o r d s: alloying, sintering copper steel, mechanical mixing, mechanosynthesis, copperizing.
ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16(1)
Pinchuk, s.y., vnukov, o.o., kushnir, yu.o., and roslyk, i.G.
82 ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (1)
the use of powder metallurgy methods in the crea-
tion of new materials makes it possible to provi de
the optimal combination of the techno lo gy for
their production, structural and per for mance cha-
racteristics, as well as to reduce the metal and
product losses. of particular interest is the pow der
steel used in modern mechanical engineering; it
has high-strength level combined with good du c-
tility, toughness, low tendency to brittle fracture.
Further improvement of steel properties, in-
c luding powder steel properties, is achieved by
increasing the carbon content, plastic deforma-
tion, alloying, heat treatment, changing the mi-
cro- and submicrostructure.
the technological properties of powders and
powder mixtures are extremely important, since
they determine the technological parameters of
the parts manufacture. Powders with high com-
pactability make it possible to manufacture parts
of a more complex configuration and make them
more technological [1—4]. in this regard, the imp-
rovement of technological properties including
the compactability of powders and powder mix-
tures is a relevant objective.
alloyed powder steel, unlike cast-steel, has a
number of characteristic features caused by speci-
ficity of its production. the following methods
are known to fabricate powder alloyed steel: pre-
paration of multicomponent mixtures from iron
powders and alloying elements with their subse-
quent processing [5, 6]; the use of alloyed iron
powders, to which, if necessary, carbon (usually
graphite) or other alloying elements are added
[1, 5, 7]; impregnation with liquid alloying metals
or diffusion saturation of frameworks sintered
from iron powder [8, 9]; mechano-alloying [10—
17]; chemical cementation of iron-based powders
[4, 18, 19]. each of these methods has its advan-
tages and disadvantages. in such a way, steel, ob-
tained from the finished alloyed powders, have a
homogeneous structure, and the distribution of
elements in the alloy has a high degree of homo-
geneity. however, they have poor technological
properties — compressibility and compactability;
they are scarce and expensive.
Copper alloying in the amount of 1.0—10 wt.%
increases the flow limit and temporary resistance
of the material sintered from the material alloyed
powder, but partly reduces its plasticity and
toughness [1—6, 19—22]. Copper alloying signi-
ficantly increases the resistance of the powder
material to atmospheric corrosion. maximum ten-
sile strength is achieved with a mass fraction of
copper of 5—7%. moreover, copper stabilizes the
shrinkage of the product during sintering, and
when the copper content amount to about 2%,
there is no shrinkage at all.
Copper alloying of powder sintered materials
can be done in different ways. Copper can be int-
roduced into the mixture in the form of copper
powders, iron-copper ligature, copper-containing
alloy (for example, bronze), in the form of cop-
perplated graphite [1, 5, 6]. the methods of me-
chanical mixing of powders are most often used
in the production of powder products for the pre-
paration of the mixtures. the compactability and
compressibility of the powder mixture obtained
in these cases is not high enough and chipping or
spilling of separate parts of the compact can oc-
cur in the manufacture of parts of complex shape
or at low extrusion pressure. it is difficult enough
to achieve the absolute uniformity of the compo-
nents distribution by the volume of the powder
mixture during mechanical mixing, especially
with a low content of one of the components.
the information considered in the literature
on the properties of sintered steel and methods
for its alloying is disparate; this complicates the
application of sintered steel in the development
of new types of powder materials and their imple-
mentation into production. research has been
conducted in this regard to study the methods of
alloying iron powder with copper and their influ-
ence on the properties of sintered powder steel.
the aim of the research is to improve the tech-
nological properties of powder mixtures based on
the iron-copper-carbon system, which will sig-
nificantly improve the set of mechanical and phy-
sicochemical characteristics of sintered steel. the
authors have proposed the alloying method, which
improvement of the operational Properties of sintered Copper steel through the use of an efficient alloying
ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (1) 83
involves application of a copper plating on the
particles of steel powder by chemical deposition.
the objective of this Paper is to study the inf-
luence of the copper alloying method on the tech-
nological properties of powder mixtures and me-
chanical characteristics of sintered copper steels.
the dispersed iron powder and powder of steel
70 with low compactability and green strength
qualities have been used as the target of research.
this limits their usage in the manufacture of
products of complex shape.
Copper plating on the iron powder particles
has been obtained using a method of internal
electrolysis (chemical cementation) in an acidic
aqueous solution of copper sulfate with the ad-
dition of ferrous sulfate (ii). the required cop-
per content on the iron powder has been provi-
ded by adjusting the ratio of the volume of the
reacting solution of constant composition and
the mass of the original steel powder. the reac-
tion has been carried out until complete copper
ions deposition. the end of the reaction has been
determined visually by discoloration of the res-
ponding solution.
after copper deposition, the powder was sub-
ject to cold-water rinsing, stabilizing in a special
solution to prevent oxidation, repeated washing
and drying with a stream of warm air at a tem-
perature of 55—60 °C.
the plating quality has been controlled both
visually, by color, and by optical microscopy.
the set of technological properties has been
determined after obtaining the finished powder;
this set of properties includes the following: green
strength, bulk density, compactability — by the
methods established in accordance with the
standards.
the mechanical properties of the sintered ma-
terial Fe 5% Cu 0,5% C, which corresponds in che-
mical composition powder steel grade Pk50D5
to that obtained from sprayed steel powder, have
been investigated. three alloying methods have
been used: mechanical mixing of the initial pow-
ders, mechanosynthesis and copperizing of steel
powder. mechanical mixing has been carried out
drum mixer type «umbling barrel»; mechanosyn-
thesis has been carried out in a planetary ball mill;
copperizing of steel powder 70 has been carried
out in accordance with the technology developed
for iron powder copperizing [18].
the iron sprayed powder brand PGr 3.200.28
(Gost 9449-89) [23], the copper electrolytic
powder brand Pms-1 (Gost 4960-75) [24], the
sprayed steel 70 powder and the graphite pencil
grade Gk-1 (Gost 4404-78) [3] have been used
to develop the preproduction models.
the preproduction models have been obtained
by single cold pressing followed by sintering. the
pressing and sintering modes for all preproduc-
tion models under research were the same.
the following properties of preproduction mo-
dels have been investigated: volumetric shrink-
age; porosity; tensile strength; Brinell hardness;
bending strength.
StUdY oF tHe coPPeR intRodUction
MetHod iMPact on tHe PRoPeRtieS
oF iRon-baSed PoWdeR MateRiaLS
using the developed method described above, it
was possible to obtain a continuous plating on
the particles of iron powder and steel 70 powder
with a high level of adhesion. the plating thick-
ness with a copper content in the mixture of 5%
amounted to 1—2 μm (Fig. 1).
the alloying method proposed makes it possi-
ble to obtain a powder mixture based on iron with
a copper content of from 1 to 5% by weight.
1—2 μm
Fig. 1. microphotograph of the copperized steel 70 particles
Pinchuk, s.y., vnukov, o.o., kushnir, yu.o., and roslyk, i.G.
84 ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (1)
technological properties of the materials, ob-
tained using method described, mechanosynthe-
sis method and using a multicomponent mixture
based on iron powder PGr 3.200.28 grade and
copper powder of Pms-1 grade have been listed
in table 1. the copper content in all materials
amounted to 5% by weight.
as shown in table 1, briquettes of copperized
powder have significantly greater green strength
(15—20% higher, Fig. 2) and significantly better
compactability (25—28% higher, Fig. 3), with al-
most equal values of the remaining technological
properties of the powder mixture studied.
Table 1. Technological Properties of Powder Mixtures Obtained Using Various Alloying Methods
Parameter
alloying method
copperizing mechano-synthesis mixing
Bulk density, g/cm3 2.85—2.90 2.80—2.85 2.7—2.75
angle of repose, ° 34—36 40—41 35—37
Flowability rate, s/50 g 38—40 32—35 35—37
Green strength, mPa 280—300 250—260 230—240
the green pressing porosity at a extrusion pressure 700 mPa, % 7.6—8.0 7.5—7.7 7.4—7.6
the minimum density of the briquette, at which the surfaces do not
have cracks and shears, g/cm3
2.9—3.0
3.6—3.8
3.5—3.8
tHe StUdY oF tHe StRUctURe
and PRoPeRtieS oF SinteRed
MateRiaLS baSed on tHe SYSteM
Fe-cu-c, obtained USinG vaRioUS
aLLoYinG MetHodS
the results of determination the physical proper-
ties of studied materials are given in table 2.
according to the results, the material obtained
alloying by mechanosynthesis has the best physical
properties (the least shrinkage and low porosity).
the Figure 4 shows the microstructures of the
investigated materials.
the results of determining of the studied mate-
rials mechanical properties are given in the table 3.
according to the results, the material obtained
from copper-coated steel 70 powder possesses the
best mechanical properties. the strength charac-
teristics of sintered copperized st70 are much
higher, despite the higher porosity in comparison
with that obtained by means of mechanosynthe-
sis. this is due to the structure of the materials
obtained, the formation of which depends mostly
on the uniform distribution of the alloying ele-
ments. Carbon has been dissolved in steel powder
70, and copperizing makes it possible to evenly
distribute copper in the volume of the compact.
this makes it possible to obtain after sintering
the structure of alloyed ferrite with uniformly
distributed inclusions of perlite, which results in
a high level of mechanical properties.
Figure 5 shows microphotographs of the stu-
died materials structures, obtained through the
use of scanning microscopy.
Fig. 2. the view of the samples after testing the raw pressing
strength: a — mixing; b — mechanosynthesis; c — copperizing
Fig. 3. the view of the samples after the test for compactabi-
li ty: а — mixing; b — mechanosynthesis; c — copperizing
а
b
c
a b c
improvement of the operational Properties of sintered Copper steel through the use of an efficient alloying
ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (1) 85
Table 2. The Results of Determination
of Physical Properties of Studied Materials
alloying method
volumetric shrinkage
∆v/v, %
Porosity P, %
mixing 3.7—3.9 10—12
mechanosynthesis 1.2—1.5 3—4
Copperizing 1.6—1.8 4—6
Table 3. The Results of Determination
of Mechanical Properties of Studied Materials
alloying method
tensile
strength
TS, mPa
Bending
strength
BS, mPa
Brinell
hardness
HB, mPa
mixing 270—275 310—320 690—710
mechanosynthesis 310—320 460—470 790—900
Copperizing 390—400 520—530 720—730
Fig. 4. the microstructure of samples, obtained alloying methods (×800): a — mixing; b — mechanosynthesis; c — copperizing
200 μm
200 μm
200 μm
Fig. 5. the structure of the studied materials, obtained through the use of: a — mixing; b — mechanosynthesis; c — cop-
perizing
а b c
WD = 17.9mm 18.00kv x2.00k 200 μm WD = 19.9mm 18.00kv x2.00k 20 μm WD = 17.9mm 18.00kv x2.00k 20 μm
accordingly, copperizing as the means of al-
loying with copper can be recommended for in-
dustrial production of sintered structural copper
steel. this not only provides high mechanical
properties of the steel, but also makes good eco-
nomic sense, since copperizing will make it pos-
sible to discontinue the use of expensive and
scarce copper powder for alloying. moreover, cop-
perizing makes it possible to significantly increa-
se the compactability of steel 70 powder (Fig. 3)
and use a simpler, from the instrumental point
of view, cold pressing instead of isostatic for its
formation.
concLUSionS
1. the powder of st 70 has been obtained with a
stable set of properties and the ability to control
the content of copper therein.
2. the compactability of the copperized st 70
powder and its green strength are much higher as
compared with powder iron-copper-carbon in-
jection, which can be explained by a significant
increase in the plasticity of each particle separa-
tely and of the mixture as a whole due to copper
plating.
3. the obtained data enable concluding about
the possibility of more efficient usage of mixture
а b c
Pinchuk, s.y., vnukov, o.o., kushnir, yu.o., and roslyk, i.G.
86 ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (1)
alloyed by means of the developed method and
having increased compactability for the manu-
facture of sintered materials based on the iron-
copper- carbon system, with improved strength
of raw briquettes, which is especially important
for the manufacture of items with complex shapes.
4. the sintered materials obtained by alloying
through mechanosynthesis have the lowest shrin-
kage and low porosity.
5. the material obtained from the copperized
steel 70 powder has the highest mechanical pro-
perties: despite the higher level of porosity, the
strength characteristics are much higher in sin-
tered st70 alloyed with copper using the method
of chemical cementation.
6. the proposed technology of alloying will
make it possible to discontinue the mixing opera-
tion and presumably will enable obtaining sin-
tered products with a more uniform distribution
of copper and carbon in the volume of the sin-
tered product and a more uniform structure of
the material. this, in turn, will significantly im-
prove the set of mechanical and physico-chemical
properties of the sintered products.
7. the use of chemical cementation of powder
for alloying with copper can be recommended for
industrial production of sintered structural cop-
per steel. this provides high mechanical proper-
ties of the material and also makes good economic
sense.
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Стаття надійшла до редакції / Received 12.11.18
Статтю прорецензовано / Revised 19.06.19
Статтю підписано до друку / Accepted 16.09.19
С.Й. Пінчук, О.О. Внуков, Ю.О. Кушнір, І.Г. Рослик
Національна металургійна академія України,
просп. Гагаріна, 4, Дніпро, 49600, Україна,
+380 56 745 3156, nmetau@nmetau.edu.ua
ПІДВищеННя еКсПлУаТацІйНих ВласТиВосТей
сПечеНих МІДисТих сТалей
Вступ. легування порошкових сталей, на відміну від литих, має ряд характерних особливостей, зумовлених специфі-
кою їх отримання. спосіб введення легуючого компоненту у шихту впливає суттєво на її формованість, пресованість,
структуру та властивості спечених легованих сталей.
Проблематика. Методи легування, що існують, часто не забезпечують рівномірного розподілу легуючих елемен-
тів по всьому об’ємі порошкової шихти, що призводить до нерівномірної щільності та, відповідно, до зниження міц-
ності спеченої сталі.
Мета. Підвищення технологічних властивостей спечених сталей шляхом легування залізного порошку міддю, а
саме механічного синтезу, механічного змішування та оміднення.
Матеріали й методи. Вихідними матеріалами слугували розпилені порошки заліза марки ПЖр 3.200.28
(ГосТ 9849-86) і порошок сталі 70, які мають низькі показники формованості та міцності неспеченої пресовки. Мід-
не покриття на частинках залізного порошку отримували методом внутрішнього електролізу (хімічної цементації) в
кислому водному розчині сірчанокислої міді з додаванням сірчанокислого заліза (ІІ). Механосинтез та механічне
змішування здійснювали в планетарному кульовому млині. Технологічні властивості порошків визначали стандарт-
ними методами: текучість Ісо 4490, насипна щільність Ісо 3923, пресованість Ісо 3927, міцність неспеченої пре-
совки Ісо 3995.
Результати. Досліджено комплекс технологічних, фізичних властивостей порошкових матеріалів, а також меха-
ніч них характеристик і структури спечених конструкційних матеріалів на основі заліза, отриманих із застосуванням
різних технологічних прийомів легування міддю і вуглецем: механічного змішування, механосинтеза і оміднення
(хімічної цементації). Виконано порівняльний аналіз властивостей отриманих матеріалів і визначено оптимальний
спосіб легування. Встановлено, що найбільш високим рівнем технологічних і механічних характеристик володіють
порошкові матеріали, леговані методом хімічної цементації.
Висновки. зазначений метод можна рекомендувати для промислового виробництва спечених конструкційних мі-
дистих сталей, оскільки він забезпечує високий рівень механічних властивостей матеріалу і є економічно вигідним.
Ключові слова: легування, спечені мідисті сталі, механічне змішування, механосинтез, оміднення.
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