"Ukrainian Society: Global and Local Projections”. A Conference in Memory of Natalia Panina
On 10 December 2017, the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine hosted the 11th Annual International Conference in memory of their colleague, an eminent Ukrainian sociologist Natalia Panina (1949-2006). The theme of the conference, “Ukrainian Society: Global and Local...
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| Опубліковано в: : | Социология: теория, методы, маркетинг |
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| Дата: | 2018 |
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| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Англійська |
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Iнститут соціології НАН України
2018
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| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Цитувати: | "Ukrainian Society: Global and Local Projections”. A Conference in Memory of Natalia Panina / O. Maksymenko // Социология: теория, методы, маркетинг. — 2018. — № 1. — С. 211-219. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859633289359261696 |
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| author | Maksymenko, O. |
| author_facet | Maksymenko, O. |
| citation_txt | "Ukrainian Society: Global and Local Projections”. A Conference in Memory of Natalia Panina / O. Maksymenko // Социология: теория, методы, маркетинг. — 2018. — № 1. — С. 211-219. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Социология: теория, методы, маркетинг |
| description | On 10 December 2017, the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine hosted the 11th Annual International Conference in memory of their colleague, an eminent Ukrainian sociologist Natalia Panina (1949-2006). The theme of the conference, “Ukrainian Society: Global and Local Projections”, was intended to highlight some global trends that Ukrainian sociologists need to focus on.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T13:13:05Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
На уч ная жизнь
На уч ная жизнь
“Ukrainian Society: Global and Local Projections”.
A Conference in Memory of Natalia Panina
On 10 De cem ber 2017, the In sti tute of So ci ol ogy of the Na tional Acad emy of Sci -
ences of Ukraine hosted the 11th An nual In ter na tional Con fer ence in mem ory of their
col league, an em i nent Ukrai nian so ci ol o gist Natalia Panina (1949–2006). The theme of
the con fer ence, “Ukrai nian So ci ety: Global and Lo cal Pro jec tions”, was in tended to
high light some global trends that Ukrai nian so ci ol o gists need to fo cus on.
Ukrai nian So cio log i cal As so ci a tion and Natalia Panina So cio log i cal Cen tre were
co-or gan is ers of this spe cial event.
Doz ens of so cial sci en tists from around Ukraine and their for eign coun ter parts have
gath ered in the In sti tute to pay hom age to this re mark able woman on her birth an ni ver -
sary: prob a bly not co in ci den tally, she had been born on the In ter na tional Hu man Rights
Day. Natalia Panina was a per son of ex cep tional cour age and in teg rity, who put hu man
hon our and dig nity above all else. Her com mit ment to sci ence was ex em plary, and she did
not al low any thing that was even re motely un pro fes sional. She at tached the ut most im -
por tance to good rep u ta tion, and strongly op posed ev ery thing that even slightly re sem -
bled re search mis con duct. For this rea son, she elab o rated and pro moted “The Code of
Pro fes sional Eth ics for So ci ol o gists”. On top of that, Natalia Panina was a bril liant scholar
fa mous for her pi o neer ing works in the fields of so ci ol ogy, so cial psy chol ogy and po lit i cal
sci ence.
It would be no ex ag ger a tion to say that so ci ol ogy of post-So viet Ukraine (at least, its
“core” whose task is to give a true pic ture of to day’s so ci ety by study ing pub lic opin ion)
owes its very ex is tence to Natalia Panina. In the early 1990s, to gether with a few
like-minded en thu si asts such as Volodymyr Paniotto, who is cur rently the Di rec tor Gen -
eral of Kyiv In ter na tional In sti tute of So ci ol ogy, Mykola Churylov, who has been head -
ing up “Tay lor Nel son Sofres Ukraine” for many years, and Yevhen Golovakha, Dep uty
Di rec tor of the In sti tute of So ci ol ogy, who was also her life com pan ion, Natalia Panina de -
vel oped and im ple mented a set of con cepts and re search tech niques to look into a so ci ety
un der go ing ma jor trans for ma tions. This was the first time that Ukrai nian so ci ety as a
whole had been sci en tif i cally ana lysed. In deed, those re search stud ies car ried out at the
dawn of Ukraine’s in de pend ence marked a new era for Ukrai nian so cial sci ences.
How ever, it would be a mis take to as sert that by the time the USSR col lapsed there
was no such thing as Ukrai nian so ci ol ogy at all. As a field of study, so ci ol ogy in Ukraine
had started to ex ist (to be more pre cise, re-emerged) in the late 1960s1. At that time, it was
pre dom i nantly lo cated at large in dus trial en ter prises and known as in dus trial so ci ol ogy.
So ci ol o gists who worked there ad dressed such is sues as work ing con di tions, staff turn -
Со ци о ло гия: те о рия, ме то ды, мар ке тинг, 2018, 1 211
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O. Maksymenko, 2018
1 Under the Stalin regime, sociology was effectively banned for decades — from the early
1920s to the mid-1950s. Then, although the term “sociology” was reintroduced, it only could
be referred as to Marxist-Leninist or Soviet sociology. “Bourgeois”, or Western sociology had
to be uncompromisingly criticised.
over, work ers’ in volve ment is so cial ac tiv i ties, etc.; some of them went fur ther and re -
searched into man age ment styles at the en ter prises (though all of the re search re sults
ought to be in ter preted through the prism of So viet ide ol ogy). In a sense, in dus trial so ci -
ol o gists could pro vide back ground for fur ther de vel op ment of ap plied so cial re search —
they acted as in ter view ers and used stand ard ised ques tion naires. But they only sur veyed
a lim ited num ber of peo ple, the plant’s em ploy ees. It was not un til 1982 that Ukrai nian so -
ci ol o gists joined na tion wide so cial sur veys. As part of the So viet Un ion, Ukraine par tic i -
pated in the pro ject “A Way of Life of the So viet Man”; about 5,000 per sons were in ter -
viewed. A set of ques tions re lated to re spon dents’ opin ions on norms of so cial be hav iour
were later in cluded in a ques tion naire used for so cial sur veys con ducted an nu ally by the
In sti tute of So ci ol ogy. Yet, there was not an ef fi cient re pub lic-wide net work of in ter view -
ers work ing on a reg u lar ba sis at that time. Most so ci ol o gists had not as yet car ried out a
rep re sen ta tive sur vey on their own; be sides, they had not ma jored in so ci ol ogy (since the
first so ci ol ogy de part ments within uni ver si ties were set up in the mid-1980s). Those who
called them selves so ci ol o gists had been mainly phi los o phers, econ o mists or his to ri ans.
Note that the In sti tute of So ci ol ogy, which was for mally es tab lished in No vem ber 1990,
had ac tu ally started out twelve years be fore as the De part ment of So ci ol ogy in the In sti -
tute of Phi los o phy of the UkrSSR’s Acad emy of Sciences.
So, the main chal lenges fac ing Ukrai nian so ci ol ogy (at least, in terms of ap plied so cial
re search) in those days were linked to the lack of trained in ter view ers and well-de vel oped
net works. There were no guide lines for build ing a sam ple rep re sen ta tive of Ukraine’s pop -
u la tion ei ther. To fill the gap, Natalia Panina and col leagues adapted a set of sam pling
tech niques for use in Ukraine and trained a team of fieldworkers and su per vi sors. Thus,
na tion wide so cial sur veys were started. It was de cided to con duct them on a reg u lar ba sis
in or der to re cord and ana lyse the changes in key so cial in di ca tors. Thus, the pro ject
known as “Ukrai nian So ci ety: Mon i tor ing of So cial Changes” came into be ing. This pro -
ject, ini ti ated by the In sti tute of So ci ol ogy, brought to gether so ci ol o gists from around
Ukraine. In 2014, a group of the In sti tute’s schol ars who had been the most in volved in
the pro ject (in clud ing Natalia Panina) were awarded the State Prize in Sci ence and Tech -
nol ogy.
The sur vey re sults have been pub lished not only in ac a demic jour nals and mono -
graphs, but also in au thor i ta tive me dia out lets. Many of the In sti tute’s re search ers have
been fre quent guests on ra dio and TV programmes — so that both the rel e vant au thor i ties
and the gen eral pub lic could get fa mil iar with their find ings. Un doubt edly, they re mem -
ber Natalia Panina’s in sight ful in struc tions on how to com mu ni cate pro fes sion ally with
jour nal ists and pres ent the re search data to the pub lic.
Natalia Panina suc cess fully col lab o rated with so cial sci en tists from the USA (Stony
Brook Uni ver sity), Ger many, Po land, Hun gary, Rus sia (Levada An a lyt i cal Cen tre),
France, etc. One of the joint re search pro jects she took part in was re lated to the school
per for mance and psy cho log i cal well-be ing of chil dren evac u ated from Chornobyl. She
authored or co-authored over 200 ac a demic pa pers, sev eral mono graphs and man u als. All
of her works have been widely re cog nised. As Evelyn J. Bromet, Pro fes sor of Psy chi a try
and Pre ven tive Med i cine at Stony Brook Uni ver sity pointed out, “it is sim ply as ton ish ing
that one in ves ti ga tor could have had such enor mous fore sight and in flu ence on her field”.
Just as Natalia Panina in spired ev ery one with whom she worked, so too she was
highly sup port ive of young re search ers. The “Ju nior So ci ol o gist of the Year” con test held
an nu ally since 2007 was orig i nally de signed to hon our her sup port and en cour age ment of
so ci ol o gists at the start of their ca reers, and the Natalia Panina Prize is the first award in
Ukraine es tab lished by an ac a demic com mu nity. Ac cord ing to the rules, con tes tants shall
write an es say on a topic des ig nated by the Con test Jury, which is closely re lated to the
cen tral theme of the con fer ence. So far, a di verse range of top ics have been cov ered, in -
212 Со ци о ло гия: те о рия, ме то ды, мар ке тинг, 2018, 1
На уч ная жизнь
clud ing the cur rent sta tus of so ci ol ogy, up-to-date tech niques for data col lec tion and
anal y sis, pro fes sional cul ture, so cio log i cal imag i na tion, the Euromaidan events, etc.
Hav ing sum ma rised Natalia Panina’s in valu able con tri bu tion to the na tional so cial
sci ence, Valerii Vorona, Di rec tor of the In sti tute of So ci ol ogy and Ac a de mi cian of the
Na tional Acad emy of Sci ences of Ukraine, moved on to the next is sue — the role of so ci ol -
ogy to day, in a globalising so ci ety. “We live in the world chang ing at an ever-in creas ing
pace,” noted Dr. Vorona. “Some changes are per ceived and in ter preted pos i tively, while
oth ers are not. But what ever way they are in ter preted, they are enor mous and ir re vers ible.
It is dif fi cult to pre dict what so ci ol ogy will be like in a few de cades or even years, what so -
ci ol o gists will have to deal with. They should do their best in or der to gain and keep their
com pet i tive edge.” Vil’ Bakirov, Chan cel lor of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv Na tional Uni ver -
sity and Pres i dent of Ukrai nian So cio log i cal As so ci a tion, added that “now a days we are
wit ness ing many stormy events like pro tests, re volts, rev o lu tions. We have thor oughly
de scribed and ex plained some of them. But we have only scratched the sur face. We must
go well be low the sur face and com pre hend the deep-seated driv ing forces of large-scale so -
cial changes, which are ex tremely hard to ex plain. We must dis cover uni ver sal prin ci ples
that ex pli cate ba sic so cial pro cesses and are ap pli ca ble to Ukrai nian so ci ety, which is
fairly dif fer ent from West ern Eu ro pean ones. This is the as sign ment that the up com ing
so ci ol o gists should set them selves.” Yevhen Golovakha, Dep uty Di rec tor of the In sti -
tute of So ci ol ogy, com mented that “the new gen er a tion of so ci ol o gists have unarguable
ad van tages over their pre de ces sors, first of all, in stant ac cess to in for ma tion. They have all
the lat est data at their fin ger tips; they also have mas tered state-or-the-art re search tech -
niques. Fig u ra tively speak ing, the world is their oys ter. How ever, they should in no way
dis card clas si cal the o ries and ap proaches. These are what con sti tute the very ba sis of any
re search.” In ad di tion, he ex pressed thanks to ev ery one par tic i pat ing and wished the con -
fer ence a great suc cess.
Then it was the key note speak ers’ turn to walk up to the lec tern and share their ideas
and find ings.
Serhii Makeev, Head of the So cial Struc tures De part ment at the In sti tute of So ci ol -
ogy, and Natalia Kovalisko, Pro fes sor at the Ivan Franko Na tional Uni ver sity of L’viv,
opened the main part of the ple nary ses sion.
Ex plain ing the theme of the pre sen ta tion (“The Global and the Lo cal in the Nar ra -
tive of In equal ity”), the re search ers drew the au di ence’s at ten tion to the word “nar ra -
tive” — as the most ap pro pri ate way of un der stand ing and in ter pret ing the in equal ity con -
cept.
To date, there is no com pre hen sive def i ni tion of in equal ity, al though many sci ences,
eco nom ics in par tic u lar, have been study ing it for a long time. In equal ity is prone to con fu -
sion in pub lic de bate as it of ten means dif fer ent things to dif fer ent peo ple. There are many
ways of mea sur ing in equal ity, but some times they lead to in con sis tent and con tra dic tory
re sults. There is no sin gle cri te rion that al lows draw ing clear-cut dis tinc tions be tween the
rich and the poor. Econ o mists, for in stance, draw on house hold in come data as the ba sic
in di ca tor of in equal ity: the more un evenly in come is dis trib uted, the more un equal the
coun try is. But these fig ures may not in clude such in come sources as wel fare pay ments,
dis abil ity al low ances, gra tu itous help from fam ily mem bers, un de clared rental in come,
etc. An other es sen tial point is that in equal ity is not lim ited to the in come gap. Gen der,
race, so cial sta tus mat ter as well. So ci ol o gists, for ex am ple, ar gue for the use of the cat e -
gory of so cial class (de vised mainly by John Goldthorpe) when de scrib ing in equal ity.
Some of them (Claude S. Fischer) re late in equal ity to un equal ac cess to pub lic goods.
There is no con sen sus among re search ers re gard ing how to cal cu late in equal ity ac cu -
rately. The Gini co ef fi cient, the most com monly used mea sure of in come in equal ity, is be -
ing criti cised and re placed by the Palma in dex (the ra tio of the in come share of the top
Со ци о ло гия: те о рия, ме то ды, мар ке тинг, 2018, 1 213
На уч ная жизнь
10% to that of the bot tom 40%). How ever, re gard less of the way it is cal cu lated, in equal ity
is un likely to be re duced. In stead, it keeps ris ing. Quite a few schol ars con tend that in -
equal ity is a greater evil than pov erty, al though “end ing pov erty in all its forms ev ery -
where” has been de clared the pri mary goal on the United Na tions Sus tain able De vel op -
ment Agenda. In equal ity is per va sive — it af fects both rich and poor coun tries. This is the
cen tral idea of Rich ard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett’s book “The Spirit Level: Why
Greater Equal ity Makes So ci et ies Stron ger”. Us ing the United Na tions, the World Bank,
the World Health Or gani sa tion and the US Cen sus data sets, the re search ers have shown
that un equal so ci et ies are plagued by lots of so cial prob lems such as re duced life ex pec -
tancy, poor phys i cal and men tal health, so cial es trange ment, con sum er ism, etc. What is
more, the ef fects of in equal ity are not con fined to the poor. As a whole, un equal so ci et ies
are less func tional, less co he sive and less healthy than their more equal coun ter parts.
The speak ers pointed out one more dis qui et ing phe nom e non known as misperception
of in equal ity — in other words, or di nary peo ple’s opin ions on whether (and to what ex -
tent) their coun try is equal or not, as well as their ideas about the change in in equal ity in
their coun try over time2. Usu ally, peo ple are more prone to over es ti mate so cial in equal ity,
al though the un der es ti ma tions also take place. In fact, they pro ject lo cal per cep tions
(largely in flu enced by a per son’s im me di ate en vi ron ment, sto ries about “the rich and fa -
mous” in me dia, etc.) onto their es ti mates of na tional in equal ity. This of ten in ten si fies
their con cerns about un fair ness in so ci ety and shapes their po lit i cal be hav iour. Vladi mir
Gimpelson and Dan iel Treisman un der scored that per ceived in equal ity — not the ac tual
level — cor re lates strongly with de mand for re dis tri bu tion. On the other hand, peo ple
tend to op pose eco nomic globalisation and Eu ro pean in te gra tion be liev ing that it only
ben e fits the elites. As a French econ o mist Thomas Piketty aptly noted, “it is un der stand -
able that peo ple turn their backs on the EU”3.
Na tional econ o mies are not the only area un der go ing pro found trans for ma tions in
the age of globalisation — its im pact is ex tend ing to the sociopolitical fab ric of coun tries
the world over. Na tion-states, de spite re main ing the pri mary build ing blocks for so cial
and po lit i cal gov er nance, are likely to be over shad owed by met ro pol i tan cit ies. The lat ter,
hav ing taken up the role of pow er ful cen tres for sci ence, tech nol ogy, com merce, fi nance
and cul ture, are be ing in creas ingly re garded as the true driv ers of globalisation and
sources of al ter na tive po lit i cal agen das. The in flu ence of na tion-states is wan ing; fur ther -
more, they are of ten la belled “out dated”, “un nat u ral, even dys func tional, units for or gan -
is ing hu man ac tiv ity and man ag ing eco nomic endeavour” in to day’s world. In stead, cit ies
are con sid ered “the en gines of the great est up surge in in no va tion, cre ativ ity and prob -
lem-solv ing in hu man his tory”4.
The con cen tra tion of power in me trop o lises is hardly an odd ity. Through out his tory,
they have pos sessed eco nomic, po lit i cal and cul tural prom i nence (like city-states in Mes -
o po ta mia, an cient Greece and me di eval It aly, the Han se atic League en com pass ing all key
sea ports in the north-west ern and east ern parts of Eu rope). As a French phi los o pher Henri
Lefebvre (1902–1991) pointed out in his book “The Ur ban Rev o lu tion” (1970), peo ple
214 Со ци о ло гия: те о рия, ме то ды, мар ке тинг, 2018, 1
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2 Gimpelson, V., Treisman, D. (2015). Misperceiving Inequality. NBER Working Paper
21174. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
3 “The Myth of National Sovereignty Helps Big Corporations Screw Us Over”. Thomas
Piketty on Globalisation Ills. (2014). Retrieved from: http://www.theeuropean-
magazine.com/thomas-piketty—2/9351-thomas-piketty-on-globalizations-ills.
4 For more detail see: Eger, J. M. (s. a.) Globalisation 3.0 is Shifting Power From Nations to
Cities Around the World. Retrieved from:
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-m-eger/globalization-30-is-shift_b_9766282.html.
liv ing in cit ies “ex pe ri ence the in ter twin ing of the threads of their ac tiv i ties”. In ad di tion,
the like li hood of na tion-states’ rel e ga tion to the back ground is not sur pris ing ei ther. Po -
lit i cal bound aries be tween states have never been im mu ta ble; rather they have changed to
a greater or lesser ex tent, and states have been some times un able to main tain their ex is -
tence. Let’s not for get ei ther that globalisation it self, al beit it does not erase for mal in ter -
state bound aries, tends to make them eas ily transcendable — above all, due to the rapid
de vel op ment of in for ma tion and com mu ni ca tion tech nol ogy.
Globalisation goes hand in hand with ur bani sa tion. Cit ies al ready have de mo graphic
weight on their side: it is es ti mated that in 2016, 54.5% of the world’s pop u la tion lived in
ur ban set tle ments. Big cit ies are swiftly be com ing cos mo pol i tan, bring ing to gether peo ple
from eth ni cally and cul tur ally di verse back grounds. Ac cord ing to the World At las, 37% of
Lon don’s, 38% of Sin ga pore’s, 46% of To ronto’s, 62% of Brussels’ and 83% (!) of Dubai’s
pop u la tion are for eign-born. How ever, de spite this dra matic shift of power from na -
tion-states to cit ies, they are still in ex tri ca bly linked with each other. Nei ther is likely to
go away, and both of them will need one an other. But as long as forms of re la tions be tween
na tion-states and big cit ies (of ten re ferred to as city-states) re main un changed, con flicts
be tween them will be un avoid able ei ther. As Pal Tamas, Di rec tor of the So cial Pol icy Re -
search Cen tre at Corvinus Uni ver sity of Bu da pest, put it, these may be po lit i cal anx i eties
about the na ture of cul tural changes, or ten sions be tween in ter na tional mar ket forces
(rep re sented by en tre pre neurs, for eign in ves tors) and state con trol (rep re sented by gov -
ern ment of fi cials), or cit ies’ as pi ra tions for a greater de gree of au ton omy.
Un fet tered ur ban growth also en tails con sid er able prob lems such as traf fic con ges -
tion, air pol lu tion (which is typ i cal of East Asian me trop o lises), so cial and cul tural dis par -
i ties be tween dif fer ent dis tricts of the same city, af ford able hous ing cri sis. The con nec tion
be tween cit ies’ use value (which im plies their use ful ness to peo ple) and ex change value
(which views them pri mar ily as places for in vest ment) seems to have been bro ken. Cit ies
are be ing ex pected to at tract cap i tal, even from du bi ous sources, rather than to serve their
res i dents’ needs, who, in Lefebvrian terms, now have to re claim their “right to the city”.
One of the main rea sons why peo ple de cide to leave their home coun try for a more
pros per ous and prom is ing one is clear: they are seek ing a better life, es pe cially those who
are mov ing out for good. La bour mi grants usu ally do not have plans to set tle. They are in -
ter ested in get ting a better pay ing job, or get ting any job if they come from un em ploy -
ment-hit ar eas. How ever, re gard less of whether a per son is go ing to live in an other coun -
try per ma nently or stay there tem po rarily, they will ex pe ri ence con sid er able dif fi cul ties
ad just ing to a new en vi ron ment — even in coun tries that are geo graph i cally, his tor i cally
and cul tur ally close to Ukraine. As for job op por tu ni ties of fered to im mi grants, they may
vary not only from one coun try to an other, but also within the same coun try. Slawomira
Gruszewska, Pro fes sor at the Uni ver sity of Szczecin (Po land), who has been car ry ing
out com par a tive so cial stud ies for many years and there fore is quite keen on re search ing
into Ukrai nian re al ity, sup plied the con fer ence at ten dees with rel e vant and very help ful
in for ma tion about job pros pects and work ing con di tions for Ukrai nian im mi grants in
each re gion of Po land. The re searcher also out lined the ma jor risks that la bour mi grants
usu ally face in that coun try: dif fi cul ties in ob tain ing work per mit and health in sur ance, an
em ployer’s un will ing ness to draw up an em ploy ment con tract, ex pen sive apart ment rent -
als in some cit ies such as War saw, strict and un friendly work place rules, late wage/sal ary
pay ments, sit u a tions when a per son has to take a less agree able job or work on an un re -
corded ba sis, em ploy ment fraud and even crim i nal pro ceed ings.
Ad min is tra tively, Po land con sists of 16 subnational en ti ties called “wojewodztwa”
(voivodeships). Ac cord ing to the most up-to-date fig ures pro vided by the Na tional La -
bour In spec tor ate and sev eral lo cal em ploy ment agen cies in Po land, Ukrai nian im mi -
grants are un evenly dis trib uted across the coun try. They are mostly con cen trated in
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Lubelskie (Lublin) and Wielkopolskie (Greater Po land) voivodeships — as of 31 May
2017, about 75,000 and 60,000 Ukrai ni ans worked there, re spec tively. Far fewer Ukrai -
nian im mi grants work in Podlasie (8,000) and Kuiavian-Pom er a nian (4,800) voivode -
ships. Warmia-Mazury voivodeship of fers the worst job pros pects for Ukrai ni ans — due
to high un em ploy ment rate in that re gion.
Dr. Gruszewska re marked that job op por tu ni ties for Ukrai nian im mi grants have
wid ened re cently. Al though Ukrai ni ans are still most of ten em ployed as con struc tion/re -
s to ra tion work ers, gar den ers and care givers, there is a grow ing de mand for en gi neers,
teach ers, doc tors and nurses. Be sides, young Ukrai ni ans go ing to Pol ish uni ver si ties (e. g.,
Maria Cu rie-Sklodowska Uni ver sity in Lublin) stand a good chance of get ting hired.
Usu ally, they start work ing while study ing.
The next pre senter was Olena Simonchuk, Se nior Re search Fel low of the So cial
Struc tures De part ment at the In sti tute of So ci ol ogy and a re nowned ex pert in the field of
so cial and class anal y sis of Ukrai nian so ci ety. She gave a de tailed and thought-pro vok ing
de scrip tion of the dy nam ics and socio-de mo graphic make-up of pro test at ti tudes in
post-So viet Ukraine. For this pur pose, Dr. Simonchuk used the data of an nual na tion -
wide rep re sen ta tive sur veys con ducted by the In sti tute from 1994 to 2017. Em pha sis was
placed on the change in a pro test po ten tial in dex; to be more pre cise, on a fig ure re flect ing
the so-called “de sta bi lis ing abil ity” of pro test po ten tial. By def i ni tion, it shows the like li -
hood of mass pro tests that are sup posed to de sta bi lise the coun try. Mass pro tests are likely
to hap pen when this in dex reaches 4.4, i. e. an as sumed thresh old value.
The cal cu la tion tech nique for the in dex of de sta bi lis ing abil ity pro test po ten tial
(IDAPP)5 in volves a re spon dent’s an swer ing the ques tion whether and in which pro test
ac tions they would par tic i pate if their rights/in ter ests were in fringed. The re spon dent
should se lect one or more op tions from 13 in cluded in a list. Those who do not find any of
the pro test ac tions ef fec tive and, there fore, are not will ing to pro test, are clas si fied as “po -
ten tially pas sive”. Con versely, “po ten tially ac tive” re spon dents are ready to stand up for
their rights by means of pro tests. Some of them choose only law ful (and peace ful) ac tions
while oth ers are also in clined to un law ful pro tests, which are un sanc tioned and of ten vi o -
lent (oc cu py ing gov ern ment build ings, join ing il le gal armed groups, etc.).
In a dem o cratic so ci ety, pro tests are gen er ally seen as a kind of di a logue be tween the
au thor i ties and or di nary cit i zens, a way of ex press ing pub lic dis con tent over con tro ver sial
is sues and find ing pos si ble so lu tions to them. Large-scale pro tests oc cur only if there are
enough peo ple ready to pour into the streets. And they are likely to turn into vi o lent ac -
tions and thus de sta bi lise the coun try’s over all sit u a tion if there is a rel a tively large pro -
por tion of peo ple who do not hes i tate to re sort to un law ful pro tests.
To date, Ukraine has ex pe ri enced at least four waves of mass pro tests: in 1998 (coal
min ers’ strikes), 2000–2001 (“Ukraine With out Kuchma”, a cam paign call ing for the
then pres i dent Leonid Kuchma’s res ig na tion), 2004 (the Or ange Rev o lu tion) and
2013–2014 (Euromaidan). These events, de spite be ing dif fer ent in terms of causes, char -
ac ter, scope and driv ing forces, co in cided with an up surge in the IDAPP: 4.2, 4.6, 4.6 and
5.4 re spec tively.
The speaker also exhaustively com pared the IDAPP of dif fer ent so cial groups of
Ukrai nian so ci ety. Ac cord ing to the sur vey data, youn ger (18–29 and 30–55-year-olds)
and better ed u cated re spon dents are more fa vour able to pro tests, men are more likely to
en gage in pro test ac tions than women. Ur ban res i dents are more will ing to pro test than
their ru ral coun ter parts. In gen eral, the dif fer ences re gard ing the re spon dent’s sex, age,
216 Со ци о ло гия: те о рия, ме то ды, мар ке тинг, 2018, 1
На уч ная жизнь
5 For more detail see: Golovakha, Ye. I., Panina, N. V. (1999). The Protest Potential of
Ukrainian Society. [In Russian]. Sociological Studies, 10, 31–40.
ed u ca tional at tain ment, so cial class and set tle ment type have been stably re pro duced
over a 23-year pe riod, whereas oth ers (re gion of res i dence, na tion al ity and na tive lan -
guage) have un der gone sig nif i cant changes. For ex am ple, mine work ers from East ern
Ukraine (mostly Rus sian-speak ing) were a driv ing force in the late 1990s strikes while
res i dents of west ern and cen tral re gions, whose mother tongue is Ukrai nian, con sti tuted
the ma jor ity of the Or ange Rev o lu tion and Euromaidan par tic i pants. In ter est ingly, dur -
ing Euromaidan the high est IDAPP (7.0) was re corded among ru ral peo ple, who are usu -
ally not very ea ger to take part in pro tests.
In con clu sion, the speaker un der lined that the IDAPP for Ukraine as a whole re -
mained rel a tively high (4.3) in 2017. How ever, this is not a wor ry ing but an en cour ag ing
sign — as the per cent age of peo ple choos ing law ful pro test ac tions con tin ues to rise. At the
time of the sur vey, there were about 1.5 times as many peo ple who pre ferred de fend ing
their rights and in ter ests peace fully com pared to 2004 — the year of the Or ange Rev o lu -
tion, which, in a sense, be came a turn ing point in Ukraine’s post-So viet his tory. This con -
vinc ingly in di cates that Ukrai nian so ci ety is get ting ma ture.
The ple nary meet ing con cluded with the pre sen ta tion “Lo cal Pro jec tions of Ukrai -
nian So ci ol ogy on the Internet as a Global Net work: The Ex pe ri ence of Ana lys ing
Google Scholar Data” de liv ered by Serhii Dembitskyi, Se nior Re search Fel low of the
In sti tute’s De part ment of Meth od ol ogy and Meth ods of So ci ol ogy, who is also the win ner
of the 2016 Natalia Panina Prize.
His re search had a two fold aim: first, to find out which of Ukrai nian so ci ol o gists are
cited the most and so to mea sure their im pact; sec ond, to de ter mine the rank ing of so ci ol -
ogy among other so cial sci ences (his tory, ar chae ol ogy, law, psy chol ogy, po lit i cal sci ence,
etc.). For this pur pose, Dr. Dembitskyi had ana lysed over 4,000 Google Scholar pro files
(in clud ing de ceased re search ers) be long ing to the clus ter “So cial Sci ences”. Ini tially, all
the in for ma tion con cern ing Ukrai nian so ci ol o gists (bib lio graph i cal ref er ences and ci ta -
tion in di ces) had been gath ered from the website “V. I. Vernads’kyi Na tional Li brary of
Ukraine, So cial Com mu ni ca tions Re search Cen tre” and pro cessed us ing the R sta tis ti cal
soft ware. Then, this data set was merged with that on Google Scholar con tain ing the num -
ber of ci ta tions for each pa per.
Ac cord ing to the re search find ings, the most highly cited Ukrai nian so ci ol o gists are
as fol lows: Yevhen Golovakha (e. g., his pa per on a per son’s psy cho log i cal age has re ceived
164 ci ta tions so far); Natalia Panina (the pa per “Com par i son of At ten tion-Def i cit/Hy -
per ac tiv ity Dis or der Symp tom Sub types in Ukrai nian School chil dren”, co-authored by
Ken neth D. Gadow, Joyce Sprafkin and oth ers, has re ceived 127 ci ta tions); Natalia
Kostenko (“Cul tural Iden ti ties: Trans for ma tions and Rec og ni tions”, 38 ci ta tions); Serhii
Makeev (“So cial Structuration in To day’s Ukraine”, 28 ci ta tions) and Anatolii Ruchka
(“Dis tinc tive Fea tures of Sys temic Trans for ma tion of To day’s Ukrai nian So ci ety”, 17 ci -
ta tions). So ci ol ogy is ranked third based on ci ta tion met rics (af ter pub lic pol icy & ad min -
is tra tion and ar chae ol ogy). How ever, these con clu sions re quire fur ther con sid er ation as
some Ukrai nian so cial sci en tists have not cre ated a Google Scholar pro file yet.
The sec ond part of the con fer ence com menced with a wel come from Oleksandr
Stegnii, Vice Chair of the “Ju nior So ci ol o gist of the Year” Con test Jury, Lead ing Re -
search Fel low of the In sti tute’s De part ment of Meth od ol ogy and Meth ods of So ci ol ogy.
Dr. Stegnii ap pre ci ated the con tes tants’ hard work, cre ativ ity and in ter est in the event,
then he told a brief his tory of the con test. He re minded that the Natalia Panina Prize was
not an award es tab lished by the gov ern ment; it had been ini ti ated by an ac a demic com mu -
nity. Pavlo Kutuev, Head of the Chair of So ci ol ogy and Law at the Na tional Tech ni cal
Uni ver sity of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Poly tech nic In sti tute”, added that young re -
search ers had al ways shown a lively in ter est in the event. Over all, nearly 100 so ci ol o gists,
Со ци о ло гия: те о рия, ме то ды, мар ке тинг, 2018, 1 217
На уч ная жизнь
from both Ukraine and abroad (in clud ing Ger many and Tur key), had sub mit ted their es -
says. Their pa pers were pub lished each year in a con fer ence pro ceed ings book.
Ac cord ing to the con fer ence sched ule, each of the con tes tants was sup posed to de -
liver a short pre sen ta tion (up to five min utes) clar i fy ing the main points of their es says
and then field the au di ence’s ques tions.
The re search ers spoke on a wide range of is sues such as lack of so cial sol i dar ity cou -
pled with dis trust of so cial in sti tu tions, chal lenges posed by globalisation to uni ver si ties,
com modi fi ca tion of ed u ca tion, cit i zens’ grow ing alien ation from the state. All the speak -
ers com mu ni cated their ideas, chal lenges and con cerns in a straight for ward and en thu si -
as tic man ner. Some of them sounded overly crit i cal, es pe cially when it came to the tasks
that so ci ol ogy should un der take. But is it easy to take a mid dle-ground ap proach in times
when ev ery mould is be ing bro ken?
Af ter the pre sen ta tions, there was a round-ta ble dis cus sion which made the con fer -
ence even more mem o ra ble. Ol’ha Balakirieva, Chair of the Board of an in de pend ent re -
search or gani sa tion “Oleksandr Yaremenko Ukrai nian In sti tute of So cial Stud ies”, And -
rii Horbachyk, Dean of the Fac ulty of So ci ol ogy at the Taras Shevchenko Na tional Uni -
ver sity of Kyiv, Liudmyla Sokurians’ka, Vice-Pres i dent of Ukrai nian So cio log i cal As so -
ci a tion, Pro fes sor at V. N. Karazin Kharkiv Na tional Uni ver sity, Valentyna Podshi -
valkina, Pro fes sor at I. I. Mechnikov Odesa Na tional Uni ver sity, Olena Lisiienko, Pro fes -
sor of the De part ment of Phi los o phy, So ci ol ogy and Man age ment of So cial and Cul tural
Ac tiv i ties at K. D. Ushyns’kyi South Ukrai nian Na tional Ped a gog i cal Uni ver sity (Ode -
sa), Natalia Kostenko, Head of the So ci ol ogy of Cul ture and Mass Com mu ni ca tions De -
part ment at the In sti tute of So ci ol ogy, Refik Kurtseitov, Head of the So cial Sci ences and
Hu man i ties De part ment at Cri mean Uni ver sity of En gi neer ing and Ped a gogy, were
among those join ing the dis cus sion and air ing their views.
Then fol lowed the most ex cit ing bit: Ol’ha Kutsenko, Chair of the Con test Jury, Pro -
fes sor at the Taras Shevchenko Na tional Uni ver sity of Kyiv, and Volodymyr Pa niotto,
co-founder of Natalia Panina So cio log i cal Cen tre, an nounced the honourees. The first
prize went to Oksana Dutchak, PhD Stu dent of the So ci ol ogy De part ment at the Na -
tional Tech ni cal Uni ver sity of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Poly tech nic In sti tute”. She
pre sented the es say “The High Cost of Cheap La bour: Ukraine as a Branded Cloth ing
Man u fac turer in Global Sup ply Chains”. The sec ond prize was shared be tween Alina
Kalashnikova, Se nior Lec turer of the So ci ol ogy De part ment at V. N. Karazin Kharkiv
Na tional Uni ver sity (“Ukrai nian So ci ety: Global and Lo cal Pro jec tions Un der the Sign of
Un pre dict abil ity”) and Nadiia Korytnykova, As so ci ate Pro fes sor of the same de part -
ment (“Ukrai nian So ci ol ogy in a Digit ised So ci ety”) as the Jury had de cided not to award
the third prize.
Iryna Krapyva, Con sol i dated In for ma tion An a lyst of the Mar ket ing De part ment at
“Tele com mu ni ca tions Tech nol o gies Ltd.” (Odesa) re ceived the Iryna Popova Prize. This
is a spe cial prize es tab lished in hon our of Iryna Popova (1931–2008), an out stand ing
Ukrai nian scholar, who is con sid ered to be a founder of the Odesa School of So ci ol ogy. I.
Krapyva’s es say (“Pro jec tions for the De vel op ment of Ukrai nian So ci ety Un der the Re -
form of Ed u ca tion Sys tem”) was re cog nised as hav ing so cial and prac ti cal sig nif i cance.
The es say sub mit ted by Maksym Yenin, As so ci ate Pro fes sor of the So ci ol ogy De part -
ment at the Na tional Tech ni cal Uni ver sity of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Poly tech nic
In sti tute”, was also highly com mended by the Jury. It was fo cused on so cial move ments in
Ukraine from a post-Euromaidan per spec tive.
Clos ing the con fer ence, Yevhen Golovakha con grat u lated the win ners and the run -
ners-up and wished them suc cess in their endeavour. He also thanked all the par tic i pants
for their com mit ment and con tin ued sup port.
218 Со ци о ло гия: те о рия, ме то ды, мар ке тинг, 2018, 1
На уч ная жизнь
The au di ence watched two vid eos, which fea tured Natalia Panina pre sent ing a pa per
at the con fer ence “So ci ol ogy and Pol i tics” (Kyiv, 19–21 June 2003) and Iryna Popova
giv ing a wel come ad dress at the 1st In ter na tional Con fer ence in mem ory of Natalia
Panina on 10 De cem ber 2007.
The es says sub mit ted to the con test “2017 Ju nior So ci ol o gist of the Year” by
other con tes tants:
“Global and Lo cal Pro jec tions: The Sym bolic as the So cial” (Andrii Bahins’kyi, PhD
Stu dent of the So ci ol ogy De part ment at the Na tional Tech ni cal Uni ver sity of Ukraine
“Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Poly tech nic In sti tute”)
“Globalisation of Ed u ca tion in Ukraine: Chal lenges and Con se quences” (Bohdan
Dykan’, PhD Stu dent of the So ci ol ogy De part ment at the Na tional Tech ni cal Uni ver sity
of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Poly tech nic In sti tute”)
“Cam era Obscura(nti): Global and Lo cal Pro jec tions of the Ukrai nian So ci ety”
(Oleksandr Holikov, As so ci ate Pro fes sor of the So ci ol ogy De part ment at V. N. Karazin
Kharkiv Na tional Uni ver sity)
“The Con cept of Iden tity: Ukrai nian Con text” (Anastasiia Dons’ka, PhD Stu dent of
the De part ment of The ory and His tory of So ci ol ogy at the Taras Shevchenko Na tional
Uni ver sity of Kyiv)
“Global and Lo cal Pro jec tions: The Code of So ci ol ogy” (Oleksii Yakubin, Se nior Lec -
turer of the So ci ol ogy De part ment at the Na tional Tech ni cal Uni ver sity of Ukraine “Igor
Sikorsky Kyiv Poly tech nic In sti tute”)
“Ukrai nian So ci ety: Global and Lo cal Pro jec tions” (Ol’ha Onufrienko, PhD Stu dent
of the So ci ol ogy De part ment at the Na tional Tech ni cal Uni ver sity of Ukraine “Igor
Sikorsky Kyiv Poly tech nic In sti tute”)
“Ac cept Your self: An Hon est View on Ukrai nian So ci ety” (Olena Koval’ska, As sis -
tant Lec turer of the De part ment of Meth od ol ogy and Meth ods for So cio log i cal Re search
at the Taras Shevchenko Na tional Uni ver sity of Kyiv)
OL’HA MAKSYMENKO,
leading sociologist of the Department of Methodology and Methods of Sociology,
Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Received 26.02.2018
Со ци о ло гия: те о рия, ме то ды, мар ке тинг, 2018, 1 219
На уч ная жизнь
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-182184 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1563-4426 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T13:13:05Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Iнститут соціології НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Maksymenko, O. 2021-12-16T16:42:51Z 2021-12-16T16:42:51Z 2018 "Ukrainian Society: Global and Local Projections”. A Conference in Memory of Natalia Panina / O. Maksymenko // Социология: теория, методы, маркетинг. — 2018. — № 1. — С. 211-219. — англ. 1563-4426 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/182184 On 10 December 2017, the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine hosted the 11th Annual International Conference in memory of their colleague, an eminent Ukrainian sociologist Natalia Panina (1949-2006). The theme of the conference, “Ukrainian Society: Global and Local Projections”, was intended to highlight some global trends that Ukrainian sociologists need to focus on. en Iнститут соціології НАН України Социология: теория, методы, маркетинг Научная жизнь "Ukrainian Society: Global and Local Projections”. A Conference in Memory of Natalia Panina Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | "Ukrainian Society: Global and Local Projections”. A Conference in Memory of Natalia Panina Maksymenko, O. Научная жизнь |
| title | "Ukrainian Society: Global and Local Projections”. A Conference in Memory of Natalia Panina |
| title_full | "Ukrainian Society: Global and Local Projections”. A Conference in Memory of Natalia Panina |
| title_fullStr | "Ukrainian Society: Global and Local Projections”. A Conference in Memory of Natalia Panina |
| title_full_unstemmed | "Ukrainian Society: Global and Local Projections”. A Conference in Memory of Natalia Panina |
| title_short | "Ukrainian Society: Global and Local Projections”. A Conference in Memory of Natalia Panina |
| title_sort | "ukrainian society: global and local projections”. a conference in memory of natalia panina |
| topic | Научная жизнь |
| topic_facet | Научная жизнь |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/182184 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maksymenkoo ukrainiansocietyglobalandlocalprojectionsaconferenceinmemoryofnataliapanina |