Impact of coronavirus on the state of food security and treatment of medical waste
The article focuses on the results of a new analysis conducted by the World Bank, according to which the COVID-19 pandemic threatens not only economic development, but also the achievements of the last decade in the fields of health and education, environmental protection. Examples of slowing down e...
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Obykhod, H. Khvesyk, Y. Malkov, М. 2022-02-20T11:53:04Z 2022-02-20T11:53:04Z 2020 Impact of coronavirus on the state of food security and treatment of medical waste / H. Obykhod, Y. Khvesyk, M. Malkov // Економіка природокористування і сталий розвиток. — К.: ДУ ІЕПСР НАН України, 2020. — № 8 (27). — С. 6-12. — Бібліогр.: 17 назв. — англ. 2616-7689 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689/2020/8(27)/1 JEL CLASSIFICATION: E 11, Q 21, Q 28, Q 31 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/183377 330.837 : 502.57 The article focuses on the results of a new analysis conducted by the World Bank, according to which the COVID-19 pandemic threatens not only economic development, but also the achievements of the last decade in the fields of health and education, environmental protection. Examples of slowing down economic activity through the introduction of quarantine and reducing the anthropogenic impact on the environment are given. Crises such as epidemics and economic downturns usually divert attention from global environmental issues. The authors of the article argue that in the future, advocates of sustainable environmental development, renewable energy and conscious consumption will need to make even greater efforts to prevent society from rolling back to dirty technologies, and for funding and public support they will need to demonstrate how the same Climate change corresponds to today's problems. It has been proven that the slowdown in economic activity due to the epidemic is a serious challenge to the environment, on the one hand, and opportunities – on the other. After a recession and reduced emissions, there is usually a rapid increase. States are investing heavily in large-scale production and infrastructure projects to quickly create jobs and emerge from the crisis. It is now extremely important that these investments take place on the principles of sustainable development. It is impossible to allow the construction of new coal-fired CHPs, disposable plastic plants, and the development of new oil fields. Also in this article, the authors analyze two key aspects of the impact of COVID-19 on the economy, environment and society: geospatial aspects of food security and the accumulation of problems in the field of medical waste. The importance of the former is recognized at the highest level, and the ideologue of its solution – the UN World Food Program – became the 2020 Nobel Laureate. At the same time, the main environmental commandment "reuse, recycle, reduce" in a pandemic does not work. Everyone buys medical masks, although their effectiveness has been proven to protect healthy people from the virus for a short period of time (masks should be changed every two hours and worn if you are near an infected person or have symptoms of the virus yourself). It is already known that South Korea, followed by the EU, is developing a plan of green economic incentives to overcome the crisis. The UN is urging other countries to make sure their post-crisis investments are climate-friendly. Ukraine should follow suit, creating environmental and economic recovery plans now. In particular, it is important to support green business and reorient dirty production, as well as look for optimal ways to handle medical waste. Статтю присвячено результатам аналізу, проведеного Світовим банком, згідно з яким пандемія COVID-19 ставить під загрозу не тільки економічний розвиток, але й досягнення останнього десятиліття в галузях здоров’я та освіти, охорони довкілля. Наведено приклади сповільнення економічної активності у зв’язку із введенням карантину та зниження антропогенного впливу на навколишнє природне середовище. Зазначено, що кризи на кшталт епідемій та економічний спад відвертають увагу від глобальних екологічних проблем. Наголошено, що надалі прихильникам сталого екологічного розвитку, відновлювальної енергетики та свідомого споживання потрібно докладати ще більших зусиль, щоб не допустити повернення суспільства до брудних технологій, а для фінансування та суспільної підтримки – показати, як зміни клімату кореспондуються із сьогоднішніми проблемами. Доведено, що сповільнення економічної діяльності внаслідок епідемії – це серйозний виклик для охорони довкілля, з одного боку, та можливості – з іншого. Після рецесії та зниження викидів, як правило, відбувається швидке зростання. Держави посилено інвестують у великі виробничі та інфраструктурні проєкти, щоб прискорити процес створення нових робочих місць та виходу з кризи. Вказано на важливість інвестування відповідно до принципів сталого розвитку, зокрема недопущенні будівництва вугільних ТЕЦ, заводів з виробництва одноразового пластику, розроблення нових родовищ нафти. Проаналізовано два ключові аспекти впливу COVID-19 на стан економіки, екології та соціуму: геопросторова продовольча безпека та нагромадження проблем у сфері медичних відходів. Вагомість першої визнано на найвищому рівні, а ідеолог її вирішення – Всесвітня продовольча програма ООН – є Нобелівським лауреатом 2020 року. В той же час досліджено, що головна екологічна заповідь – зменшити, повторно використати, переробити (reduce, reuse, recycle) – в умовах пандемії не реалізується. Усі купують медичні маски, хоча їх ефективність доведена для захисту здорових людей від вірусу протягом короткого часового періоду (маски потрібно міняти кожні дві години, а носити за умови наявності симптомів вірусу або перебування поруч із зараженими особами). Зазначено, що Південна Корея та ЄС розробляють план зелених економічних стимулів для виходу з кризи, ООН закликає інші країни переконатися, що їхні посткризові інвестиції є дружніми щодо клімату. Акцентовано на доцільності наслідування цього прикладу в Україні, розробляючи екологічні та економічні плани виходу з рецесії вже зараз. Зокрема, важливо підтримувати зелений бізнес, переорієнтовувати так зване брудне виробництво, а також здійснювати пошук оптимальних шляхів поводження з медичними відходами. en ДУ «Інститут економіки природокористування та сталого розвитку НАН України» Економіка природокористування і сталий розвиток Пандемія COVID-19: виклики часу Impact of coronavirus on the state of food security and treatment of medical waste Вплив коронавірусу на стан продовольчої безпеки та утилізація медичних відходів Article published earlier |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| title |
Impact of coronavirus on the state of food security and treatment of medical waste |
| spellingShingle |
Impact of coronavirus on the state of food security and treatment of medical waste Obykhod, H. Khvesyk, Y. Malkov, М. Пандемія COVID-19: виклики часу |
| title_short |
Impact of coronavirus on the state of food security and treatment of medical waste |
| title_full |
Impact of coronavirus on the state of food security and treatment of medical waste |
| title_fullStr |
Impact of coronavirus on the state of food security and treatment of medical waste |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Impact of coronavirus on the state of food security and treatment of medical waste |
| title_sort |
impact of coronavirus on the state of food security and treatment of medical waste |
| author |
Obykhod, H. Khvesyk, Y. Malkov, М. |
| author_facet |
Obykhod, H. Khvesyk, Y. Malkov, М. |
| topic |
Пандемія COVID-19: виклики часу |
| topic_facet |
Пандемія COVID-19: виклики часу |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Економіка природокористування і сталий розвиток |
| publisher |
ДУ «Інститут економіки природокористування та сталого розвитку НАН України» |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
Вплив коронавірусу на стан продовольчої безпеки та утилізація медичних відходів |
| description |
The article focuses on the results of a new analysis conducted by the World Bank, according to which the COVID-19 pandemic threatens not only economic development, but also the achievements of the last decade in the fields of health and education, environmental protection. Examples of slowing down economic activity through the introduction of quarantine and reducing the anthropogenic impact on the environment are given. Crises such as epidemics and economic downturns usually divert attention from global environmental issues. The authors of the article argue that in the future, advocates of sustainable environmental development, renewable energy and conscious consumption will need to make even greater efforts to prevent society from rolling back to dirty technologies, and for funding and public support they will need to demonstrate how the same Climate change corresponds to today's problems. It has been proven that the slowdown in economic activity due to the epidemic is a serious challenge to the environment, on the one hand, and opportunities – on the other. After a recession and reduced emissions, there is usually a rapid increase. States are investing heavily in large-scale production and infrastructure projects to quickly create jobs and emerge from the crisis. It is now extremely important that these investments take place on the principles of sustainable development. It is impossible to allow the construction of new coal-fired CHPs, disposable plastic plants, and the development of new oil fields.
Also in this article, the authors analyze two key aspects of the impact of COVID-19 on the economy, environment and society: geospatial aspects of food security and the accumulation of problems in the field of medical waste. The importance of the former is recognized at the highest level, and the ideologue of its solution – the UN World Food Program – became the 2020 Nobel Laureate. At the same time, the main environmental commandment "reuse, recycle, reduce" in a pandemic does not work. Everyone buys medical masks, although their effectiveness has been proven to protect healthy people from the virus for a short period of time (masks should be changed every two hours and worn if you are near an infected person or have symptoms of the virus yourself).
It is already known that South Korea, followed by the EU, is developing a plan of green economic incentives to overcome the crisis. The UN is urging other countries to make sure their post-crisis investments are climate-friendly. Ukraine should follow suit, creating environmental and economic recovery plans now. In particular, it is important to support green business and reorient dirty production, as well as look for optimal ways to handle medical waste.
Статтю присвячено результатам аналізу, проведеного Світовим банком, згідно з яким пандемія COVID-19 ставить під загрозу не тільки економічний розвиток, але й досягнення останнього десятиліття в галузях здоров’я та освіти, охорони довкілля. Наведено приклади сповільнення економічної активності у зв’язку із введенням карантину та зниження антропогенного впливу на навколишнє природне середовище. Зазначено, що кризи на кшталт епідемій та економічний спад відвертають увагу від глобальних екологічних проблем. Наголошено, що надалі прихильникам сталого екологічного розвитку, відновлювальної енергетики та свідомого споживання потрібно докладати ще більших зусиль, щоб не допустити повернення суспільства до брудних технологій, а для фінансування та суспільної підтримки – показати, як зміни клімату кореспондуються із сьогоднішніми проблемами. Доведено, що сповільнення економічної діяльності внаслідок епідемії – це серйозний виклик для охорони довкілля, з одного боку, та можливості – з іншого. Після рецесії та зниження викидів, як правило, відбувається швидке зростання. Держави посилено інвестують у великі виробничі та інфраструктурні проєкти, щоб прискорити процес створення нових робочих місць та виходу з кризи. Вказано на важливість інвестування відповідно до принципів сталого розвитку, зокрема недопущенні будівництва вугільних ТЕЦ, заводів з виробництва одноразового пластику, розроблення нових родовищ нафти.
Проаналізовано два ключові аспекти впливу COVID-19 на стан економіки, екології та соціуму: геопросторова продовольча безпека та нагромадження проблем у сфері медичних відходів. Вагомість першої визнано на найвищому рівні, а ідеолог її вирішення – Всесвітня продовольча програма ООН – є Нобелівським лауреатом 2020 року. В той же час досліджено, що головна екологічна заповідь – зменшити, повторно використати, переробити (reduce, reuse, recycle) – в умовах пандемії не реалізується. Усі купують медичні маски, хоча їх ефективність доведена для захисту здорових людей від вірусу протягом короткого часового періоду (маски потрібно міняти кожні дві години, а носити за умови наявності симптомів вірусу або перебування поруч із зараженими особами). Зазначено, що Південна Корея та ЄС розробляють план зелених економічних стимулів для виходу з кризи, ООН закликає інші країни переконатися, що їхні посткризові інвестиції є дружніми щодо клімату. Акцентовано на доцільності наслідування цього прикладу в Україні, розробляючи екологічні та економічні плани виходу з рецесії вже зараз. Зокрема, важливо підтримувати зелений бізнес, переорієнтовувати так зване брудне виробництво, а також здійснювати пошук оптимальних шляхів поводження з медичними відходами.
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2616-7689 |
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https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/183377 |
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Impact of coronavirus on the state of food security and treatment of medical waste / H. Obykhod, Y. Khvesyk, M. Malkov // Економіка природокористування і сталий розвиток. — К.: ДУ ІЕПСР НАН України, 2020. — № 8 (27). — С. 6-12. — Бібліогр.: 17 назв. — англ. |
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ЕКОНОМІКА ПРИРОДОКОРИСТУВАННЯ І СТАЛИЙ РОЗВИТОК
6
DOI: 10.37100/2616-7689/2020/8(27)/1
UDC 330.837 : 502.57
JEL CLASSIFICATION: E 11, Q 21, Q 28, Q 31
IMPACT OF CORONAVIRUS ON THE STATE OF FOOD SECURITY AND TREATMENT
OF MEDICAL WASTE
ВПЛИВ КОРОНАВІРУСУ НА СТАН ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ТА УТИЛІЗАЦІЯ
МЕДИЧНИХ ВІДХОДІВ
Hanna OBYKHOD,
Doctor of Economic Sciences,
Public Institution «Institute of
Environmental Economics and
Sustainable Development of the
National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine», Kyiv
Ганна ОБИХОД,
доктор економічних наук,
Державна установа «Інститут економіки
природокористування та сталого розвитку
Національної академії наук України», Київ
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3201-6803
Yuliia KHVESYK,
Doctor of Economic Sciences,
Taras Shevchenko National University
of Kyiv, Kyiv
Юлія ХВЕСИК,
доктор економічних наук,
Київський національний університет імені Тараса
Шевченка, Київ
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9226-5473
Mikhail MALKOV,
PhD student
of the Public Institution «Institute of
Environmental Economics and
Sustainable Development of the
National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine», Kyiv
Михайло МАЛКОВ,
аспірант,
Державна установа «Інститут економіки
природокористування та сталого розвитку
Національної академії наук України», Київ
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5845-8220
Статтю присвячено результатам аналізу, проведеного Світовим банком, згідно з яким
пандемія COVID-19 ставить під загрозу не тільки економічний розвиток, але й досягнення
останнього десятиліття в галузях здоров’я та освіти, охорони довкілля. Наведено приклади
сповільнення економічної активності у зв’язку із введенням карантину та зниження
антропогенного впливу на навколишнє природне середовище. Зазначено, що кризи на кшталт
епідемій та економічний спад відвертають увагу від глобальних екологічних проблем.
Наголошено, що надалі прихильникам сталого екологічного розвитку, відновлювальної
енергетики та свідомого споживання потрібно докладати ще більших зусиль, щоб не
допустити повернення суспільства до брудних технологій, а для фінансування та суспільної
підтримки – показати, як зміни клімату кореспондуються із сьогоднішніми проблемами.
Доведено, що сповільнення економічної діяльності внаслідок епідемії – це серйозний виклик
для охорони довкілля, з одного боку, та можливості – з іншого. Після рецесії та зниження
викидів, як правило, відбувається швидке зростання. Держави посилено інвестують у великі
виробничі та інфраструктурні проєкти, щоб прискорити процес створення нових робочих
місць та виходу з кризи. Вказано на важливість інвестування відповідно до принципів
сталого розвитку, зокрема недопущенні будівництва вугільних ТЕЦ, заводів з виробництва
одноразового пластику, розроблення нових родовищ нафти.
Проаналізовано два ключові аспекти впливу COVID-19 на стан економіки, екології та
соціуму: геопросторова продовольча безпека та нагромадження проблем у сфері медичних
відходів. Вагомість першої визнано на найвищому рівні, а ідеолог її вирішення – Всесвітня
продовольча програма ООН – є Нобелівським лауреатом 2020 року. В той же час
досліджено, що головна екологічна заповідь – зменшити, повторно використати,
© Обиход Г., Хвесик Ю., Малков М., 2020
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3201-6803
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9226-5473
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5845-8220
ПАНДЕМІЯ COVID-19: ВИКЛИКИ ЧАСУ
7
переробити (reduce, reuse, recycle) – в умовах пандемії не реалізується. Усі купують медичні
маски, хоча їх ефективність доведена для захисту здорових людей від вірусу протягом
короткого часового періоду (маски потрібно міняти кожні дві години, а носити за умови
наявності симптомів вірусу або перебування поруч із зараженими особами). Зазначено, що
Південна Корея та ЄС розробляють план зелених економічних стимулів для виходу з кризи,
ООН закликає інші країни переконатися, що їхні посткризові інвестиції є дружніми щодо
клімату. Акцентовано на доцільності наслідування цього прикладу в Україні, розробляючи
екологічні та економічні плани виходу з рецесії вже зараз. Зокрема, важливо підтримувати
зелений бізнес, переорієнтовувати так зване брудне виробництво, а також здійснювати
пошук оптимальних шляхів поводження з медичними відходами.
Ключові слова: пандемія COVID-19, сталий розвиток, регіональні екологічні ризики,
продовольча безпека, поводження з відходами.
The article focuses on the results of a new analysis conducted by the World Bank, according to
which the COVID-19 pandemic threatens not only economic development, but also the achievements
of the last decade in the fields of health and education, environmental protection. Examples of
slowing down economic activity through the introduction of quarantine and reducing the
anthropogenic impact on the environment are given. Crises such as epidemics and economic
downturns usually divert attention from global environmental issues. The authors of the article
argue that in the future, advocates of sustainable environmental development, renewable energy and
conscious consumption will need to make even greater efforts to prevent society from rolling back to
dirty technologies, and for funding and public support they will need to demonstrate how the same
Climate change corresponds to today's problems. It has been proven that the slowdown in economic
activity due to the epidemic is a serious challenge to the environment, on the one hand, and
opportunities – on the other. After a recession and reduced emissions, there is usually a rapid
increase. States are investing heavily in large-scale production and infrastructure projects to
quickly create jobs and emerge from the crisis. It is now extremely important that these investments
take place on the principles of sustainable development. It is impossible to allow the construction of
new coal-fired CHPs, disposable plastic plants, and the development of new oil fields.
Also in this article, the authors analyze two key aspects of the impact of COVID-19 on the
economy, environment and society: geospatial aspects of food security and the accumulation of
problems in the field of medical waste. The importance of the former is recognized at the highest
level, and the ideologue of its solution – the UN World Food Program – became the 2020 Nobel
Laureate. At the same time, the main environmental commandment "reuse, recycle, reduce" in a
pandemic does not work. Everyone buys medical masks, although their effectiveness has been
proven to protect healthy people from the virus for a short period of time (masks should be changed
every two hours and worn if you are near an infected person or have symptoms of the virus
yourself).
It is already known that South Korea, followed by the EU, is developing a plan of green
economic incentives to overcome the crisis. The UN is urging other countries to make sure their
post-crisis investments are climate-friendly. Ukraine should follow suit, creating environmental and
economic recovery plans now. In particular, it is important to support green business and reorient
dirty production, as well as look for optimal ways to handle medical waste.
Key words: COVID-19 pandemic, sustainable development, regional environmental risks, food
security, waste management.
Problem statement. According to a new
analysis conducted by the World Bank, the
COVID-19 pandemic threatens not only
economic development but also the
achievements of the last decade in the fields of
health and education, and environmental
protection. This will have a particularly strong
impact on the poorest countries. Investing in
human capital (knowledge, skills and health that
accumulate throughout a person's life) plays a
key role in unlocking capacity and accelerating
economic growth in each country.
Economists around the world have long
predicted a global cyclical economic crisis, the
precondition for which was the recapitalization
of markets. However, no event – neither Brexit
nor the US-China trade war – suited the trigger
for the coronavirus pandemic. Researchers say
that the obvious consequences of the pandemic
are accompanied by still hidden trends: capital
outflows, isolation, as well as a high degree of
ЕКОНОМІКА ПРИРОДОКОРИСТУВАННЯ І СТАЛИЙ РОЗВИТОК
8
uncertainty, due to which businesses are
deprived of the opportunity to build any plans,
while tangible assistance from the state.
In this article, we will analyze two key
aspects of the impact of COVID-19 on the
economy, environment and society: the
geospatial aspects of food security and the
accumulation of problems in the field of medical
waste. The importance of the former is
recognized at the highest level, and the
ideologue of its solution – the UN World Food
Program – became the 2020 Nobel Laureate [1].
The main ecological commandment «reuse,
recycle, reduce» does not work in a pandemic.
Everyone buys medical masks, although their
effectiveness has been proven to protect healthy
people from the virus for a short period of time
(masks should be changed every two hours and
worn if you are near an infected person or have
symptoms of the virus yourself).
Analysis of previous research and
publications. Studies of the problems of the
impact of the pandemic on sustainable
development are relevant in modern scientific
articles. The first results of the resonance study
by modeling methods were presented on
February 16, 2020 in the report of the National
Laboratory of Imperial College of Great Britain
[2]. The model demonstrated the catastrophic
consequences of the "no countermeasures"
scenario for the health care systems of the
United States and the United Kingdom – 2,5
million and 500 thousand deaths, respectively,
which dramatically affected the change of state
policy to combat the epidemic. Since the
beginning of the epidemic, dozens of scientific
papers have been published on the development
of prognostic models and methods for predicting
the spread of COVID-19. The working group at
the Presidium of the National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine developed the SEIR_U
model for calculating the balance relations of
vulnerable groups, and also proposed
epidemiological measures, which are currently
the main weapon in the fight against the
COVID-19 pandemic [3]. Epidemiological
measures, which are currently the main weapon
in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic,
have a negative impact on the economy and
cause significant concern in society [4]. In the
context of the above, the publication of Serhiy
V. Komisarenko concerning [5].
The purpose of the article is to determine
the prerequisites for the formation of food and
health security in a pandemic and the vectors of
their optimization with the participation of
international actors.
Basic material. Pandemics in general are not
just a serious public health problem – they cause
catastrophic crises in countries where the
infection has occurred. The virus has now
spread to more than 200 countries, affecting the
world's progressive economies, including the
United States, Germany, China, Italy, South
Korea, India, Switzerland, Sweden, Singapore,
France, Australia, Britain, Finland, and the
Netherlands. Japan, Belgium and Germany.
Their economic activity has slowed down
significantly due to the introduction of
quarantine, and the anthropogenic impact on the
environment has decreased. The obvious
positive consequence of the epidemic was the
improvement of air quality – due to quarantine
on the streets of cities reduced the number of
cars, and only companies that produce vital
products and services continued to work. As a
result, by mid-2020, for example in China,
carbon dioxide emissions have been reduced by
a quarter compared to the same period in the
past [6]. Coal use at the country's six largest
power plants fell by 40 % over the same period.
Combined emissions from industrial processes,
production and construction account for 18,4 %
of global anthropogenic emissions. The financial
crisis of 2008–2009 led to an overall reduction
of emissions by 1,3 %, in 2020 – this figure will
be about 0,3 %.
Crises such as epidemics and economic
downturns usually divert attention from global
environmental problems. In the future,
proponents of renewable energy and conscious
consumption will need to work even harder to
prevent society from moving back to dirty
technology, and for funding and popular
support, they will need to demonstrate how
climate change is affecting today's challenges.
And also how to turn the crisis into
opportunities – for cleaner air and water.
The slowdown in economic activity due to
the epidemic is a serious challenge to the
environment, on the one hand, and
opportunities, on the other. After a recession and
reduced emissions, there is usually a rapid
increase. States are investing heavily in large–
scale production and infrastructure projects to
quickly create jobs and emerge from the crisis. It
is now extremely important that these
investments take place on the principles of
sustainable development. It is impossible to
allow the construction of new coal–fired CHPs,
ПАНДЕМІЯ COVID-19: ВИКЛИКИ ЧАСУ
9
disposable plastic plants, and the development
of new oil fields.
It is already known that South Korea,
followed by the EU, is developing a plan of
green economic incentives to overcome the
crisis. The UN is urging other countries to make
sure their post–crisis investments are climate–
friendly. Ukraine should follow suit, creating
environmental and economic recovery plans
now. In particular, it is important to support
green business and reorient dirty production, as
well as look for optimal ways to handle medical
waste [7].
Health care workers account for 8 per cent of
cases. At least 105 of them have died.
10,327 children have been diagnosed with
COVID-19 and 5,100 have recovered [8]. One
child under 9 died in Chernivtsi region. Children
account for 6 per cent of cases (Fig.). The
regions with the highest numbers of confirmed
COVID-19 cases are Kyiv city (11,1 per cent of
confirmed cases), Lviv (10,8 per cent), Kharkiv
(8,2 per cent), Chernivtsi (7.,8 per cent), and
Ivano-Frankivsk (7,2 per cent).
Fig. Total Coronavirus Cases in Ukraine [9]
When studying the global statistics on the
pandemic, the comparison of Ukraine in the
world rankings of causes and effects, we must
remember the following. Caution must be taken
when interpreting all data presented, and
differences between information products
published by WHO – such as the WHO COVID-
19 Situation Reports – national public health
authorities, and other sources using different
inclusion criteria and different data cut-off times
are to be expected. While steps are taken to
ensure accuracy and reliability, all data are
subject to continuous verification and change.
All counts are subject to variations in case
detection, definitions, laboratory testing, and
reporting strategies between countries, states
and territories [10].
Regional environmental risks in the context
of food security have increased since the
introduction of quarantine measures in Ukraine.
• Sustainability of small-scale and family
farms in case of quarantine. MDETA is
extremely concerned about possible
consequences of implementing quarantine
measures in family and small-scale farms with
limited quantity of employees, especially
involved in animal farming.
• Possible reduction of capacity of veterinary
labs and specialized phytosanitary quarantine
labs. As a preventive measure SSFSCP is
promoting FAO principle of biosecurity under
conditions of COVID-19 outbreak [11].
• Closure of seed shops (Donetsk oblast,
Kirovograd oblast). As the sowing campaign has
already started, and in many regions it is
necessary to re-saw winter crops due to climate
conditions in winter 2019-2020, deficit of seeds
due to closure of seed shops and small
distributors can have a serious impact on small-
scale crop producers.
• Complexity of personnel movements (all
round the country). It is very difficult to
agricultural producers, especially involved in
animal farming, to organize transportation of
critical staff to the workplaces according to
acting extraordinary sanitary rules.
ЕКОНОМІКА ПРИРОДОКОРИСТУВАННЯ І СТАЛИЙ РОЗВИТОК
10
• Impossibility of finding alternative key
specialists, in case of quarantine (Cherkassy and
Ternopyl oblast). Lack of qualified personnel is
obvious even in normal conditions, but it may
become a critical point for producers, especially
involved in animal farming, due to unexpected
quarantine of the key specialist (for ex.
Veterinarian).
• Possible restriction of transportation of
agricultural machinery in case of quarantine
(Kherson oblast). This concern is coupled with
possible delays in delivery of spare parts for
machinery during the agricultural works. None
of the regional authorities identified the lack of
fuel as an existing problem.
• Possible delays in delivery of pesticides
(Kyiv oblast). Although there is no deficit of
pesticides in the market (all deliveries to the
major distributors in Ukraine has been done
before the middle of February), possible
restriction of activities of distributors’
warehouses coupled with possible restriction in
movements may cause significant delays in
deliveries to the farmers’ warehouses or fields.
It is also unclear whether agricultural aviation
will be allowed to fly for spraying.
• Possible regional outbreaks of COVID-19
due to simultaneous return of the migrants from
EU to rural areas (Zakarpatska and Lviv oblast).
This specific concern is relevant for the whole
country, but for the Western Ukraine it is really
critical (example – full quarantine in certain
areas of Chernivtsi oblast with zero agricultural
activities).
• Huge problems for homestead farming
(Kyiv city). Majority of urban population in
Ukraine has small plots of land with little houses
in the rural areas, known as dachas. Regional
transportation ban and specific risk of COVID-
19 to the elder population makes trips to dachas
very complicated, hence putting pensioners in
front of horrible dilemma – either to travel and
be in risk due to virus or to face real hunger
starting from autumn.
According to the State Customs Service,
exports of goods from Ukraine in the first 7
months of 2020 amounted to $ 26,632 billion,
which is 7 % less than last year, imports fell by
13 % to $ 28,848 billion. The negative balance
was recorded at $ 2,216 billion (table).
Table
The volume of foreign trade in goods in January-July 2020, million US dollar*
Countries
2020 Changes to the previous year
Turnover Exports Imports Balance Commodity
circulation Exports Imports
Total 55480 26632 28848 -2216 -10 % -7 % -13 %
European Union 22461 9922 12539 -2616 -14 % -19 % -11 %
Commonwealth
of Independent
States 7946 3353 4592 -1239 -27 % -13 % -35 %
Others 25074 13357 11717 1639 2 % 5 % -2 %
* Source: State Statistics Service of Ukraine.
The regional structure of exports has
remained traditional for recent years: most
agricultural products were exported to Asia
($ 4.99 billion), followed by the EU ($ 2.9
billion) and Africa ($ 1.57 billion). Changes in
traditional markets are associated with general
economic turbulence and a high degree of
uncertainty in global markets. On the one hand,
demand for basic agricultural commodities has
not declined, despite the crisis caused by
COVID-19, and at the same time the price
situation for some crops (maize) remains
unfavorable.
UNICEF is currently appealing for US$23
million for the COVID-19 response in Ukraine,
in addition to an existing humanitarian appeal
of US$9.8 million to support families with
children in the conflict-affected east. As of yet,
UNICEF has received 52 per cent of the funding
required the 2020 Humanitarian Appeal for
Children, and 11 per cent of the funding needed
for the COVID-19 response across the country .
From the beginning of 2020 to the end of
June, the total export of agricultural products
amounted to $ 10,4 billion , according to the
State Statistics Service. Ukraine exported the
most to China, Egypt, India, the Netherlands and
Spain.
Changes in the stock markets, where
companies buy and sell, affect not only the
ПАНДЕМІЯ COVID-19: ВИКЛИКИ ЧАСУ
11
companies themselves and traders. They affect
the way investments are made in the world, as
well as pensions and other savings in many
countries, because, for example, pension funds
often invest clients' money in securities. All
major indexes of the world's leading stock
exchanges in Japan, Britain and the United
States have fallen significantly since the disease
began to spread late last year. Since the
beginning of the new year, the FTSE has fallen
by 34,1 %, the Dow Jones Industrial Average –
by 31,1 %, and the Nikkei – by 28,7 %. At the
same time, the American Dow Jones and the
British FTSE have experienced record declines
in more than 30 years – since 1987.
These figures mean that investors fear that
the spread of coronavirus will stop economic
growth and government action to support the
food sector will be insufficient. In response,
central banks in many countries have begun
lowering interest rates to make money cheaper
and loans more affordable for farmers. In theory,
this should also support consumer demand.
Among those who went to lower the discount
rate, the US Federal Reserve and the Bank of
England [12].
Losses for the Ukrainian economy from the
introduction of quarantine restrictions could
amount to 50 billion US dollars. Losses for the
economy can be calculated in 2 indicators:
losses in the cost of human lives and losses in%
of GDP. Calculation for the first indicator: if we
abolish quarantine completely, we could lose
120 thousand lives. Calculation for the second
indicator: losses are estimated on the basis of
forecasts for falling GDP from the International
Monetary Fund and the consensus forecast of
the Ministry of Economic Development, Trade
and Agriculture. Losses due to quarantine for
the economy are equal to 50-54 billion US
dollars, which is calculated as the net present
value of losses. For the United States, the cost of
statistical life is 10 million US dollars [13].
Despite a temporary cut in global carbon
emissions, the International Energy Agency has
warned that the economic shocks caused by the
coronavirus outbreak could hinder or delay
companies' investments in green energy. In
addition, the largest climate event of the year,
the 2020 UN Climate Change Conference,
scheduled for November, may be postponed
indefinitely due to the epidemic. This will lead
to the fact that the struggle of mankind against
anthropogenic climate change will greatly slow
down. The unprecedented widespread use of
disposable masks and gloves will result in
serious pollution of the environment with large
amounts of plastics and other synthetic materials
that are resistant to liquids and very slowly
degrade. At the same time, it is not
recommended to wear medical masks for more
than one day, and wet wipes made of similar
material cannot be used more than once.
This led to the fact that in the city of Wuhan
in China, which was the epicenter of the
epidemic in the country, about 200 tons of
medical waste was formed in one day – several
times more than before the epidemic and four
times more than the only one waste recycling
plant in the city [14]. A study by environmental
NGO Ocean Asia, conducted on Soko Island in
Hong Kong, found that a large number of
discarded masks were washed up on a 100-meter
beach. The consequences of contamination with
such medical waste are far-reaching. When they
are released into their natural habitat on land,
animals mistakenly eat them as food. This can
lead to serious health problems, including death.
Today, the disposal of medical waste is not
only an environmental problem. Now the entire
planet is struggling with the new dangerous
Covid-19 virus, the spread of which, according
to WHO, will be extremely difficult to stop. If
the first 100,000 cases of the disease were
recorded within three months, then the last
100,000 people fell ill in 12 days. Therefore,
right now, improper disposal of medical waste
potentially infected with coronavirus endangers
the health and life of the population, raising the
risk of epidemiological danger to the maximum
critical level. The French use pyrolysis-type
incinerators, in which hazardous medical,
biological and toxic waste is rendered harmless.
These stoves are located near residential areas,
but at the same time no harmful substances get
into the air. There is no smoke or bad smell. The
coal that is formed after combustion is used as a
raw material for the production of paving slabs
and bricks [15].
Conclusion. Realization of the existing goals
of food security remains a top priority due to the
pandemic and alarming economic vulnerability
of most regions of Ukraine. International
partners continue to focus on the economic
vulnerability of the population and implement
initiatives to reduce the income gap by creating
income-generating activities, including job
creation [16]. These include own production
through agricultural initiatives such as the
distribution of seeds, tools and agricultural
equipment to support farmers. Research also
shows an increase in the level of structural
poverty in Ukraine in 2020. The share of
households whose share in food expenditures
ЕКОНОМІКА ПРИРОДОКОРИСТУВАННЯ І СТАЛИЙ РОЗВИТОК
12
exceeds 60 % of income decreased from 26 % in
2017 to 17 % in 2019. However, their share is
expected to reach 22,1 % by the end of 2020
[17]. The pandemic has increased waste
production and reduced waste recycling. Some
cities have suspended waste disposal programs
to reduce the risk of coronavirus. Some
manufacturers have generally used quarantine as
an opportunity to return to the use of disposable
bags and plastic utensils. However, society is
steadily moving towards a "zero waste" system,
looking for new tools for the collection and
disposal of hazardous medical components.
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Стаття надійшла до редакції 12 жовтня 2020 року
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https://www.unicef.org/ukraine/media/8791/file/UNICEF%20Ukraine%20COVID-19%20Flash%20Report%2015%20September%202020.pdf
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
http://www.consumer.gov.ua/News/5787/Rozrobleno_printsipi_biozakhistu_pidpriemstv_ta_gospodarstv_v_umovakh_zhorstkogo_karantinu?fbclid=IwAR33dF24rYYPeCkVSlZ0Or6eWbcWj0h4NS0WHdvZXG-NjsXluFykIFrGtmc
http://www.consumer.gov.ua/News/5787/Rozrobleno_printsipi_biozakhistu_pidpriemstv_ta_gospodarstv_v_umovakh_zhorstkogo_karantinu?fbclid=IwAR33dF24rYYPeCkVSlZ0Or6eWbcWj0h4NS0WHdvZXG-NjsXluFykIFrGtmc
http://www.consumer.gov.ua/News/5787/Rozrobleno_printsipi_biozakhistu_pidpriemstv_ta_gospodarstv_v_umovakh_zhorstkogo_karantinu?fbclid=IwAR33dF24rYYPeCkVSlZ0Or6eWbcWj0h4NS0WHdvZXG-NjsXluFykIFrGtmc
http://www.consumer.gov.ua/News/5787/Rozrobleno_printsipi_biozakhistu_pidpriemstv_ta_gospodarstv_v_umovakh_zhorstkogo_karantinu?fbclid=IwAR33dF24rYYPeCkVSlZ0Or6eWbcWj0h4NS0WHdvZXG-NjsXluFykIFrGtmc
http://www.consumer.gov.ua/News/5787/Rozrobleno_printsipi_biozakhistu_pidpriemstv_ta_gospodarstv_v_umovakh_zhorstkogo_karantinu?fbclid=IwAR33dF24rYYPeCkVSlZ0Or6eWbcWj0h4NS0WHdvZXG-NjsXluFykIFrGtmc
https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/features-51994936
https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/features-51994936
https://kse.ua/ua/about-the-school/news/29348/
https://kse.ua/ua/about-the-school/news/29348/
https://hightech.fm/2020/05/06/covid-ecology
https://hightech.fm/2020/05/06/covid-ecology
https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/story/healthcare-waste-what-do-it
https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/story/healthcare-waste-what-do-it
http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1268719/icode/
http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1268719/icode/
https://idss.org.ua/arhiv/poverty_forecast.pdf
https://idss.org.ua/arhiv/poverty_forecast.pdf
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