Improving the Efficiency of the low-Voltage potential application Method at top oxygen Blowing in Converter
Introduction. The main factor of oxygen blowing in converters is the interaction of oxygen jet with the molten metal bath. It determines hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer, slag formation and causes metal losses with emissions affecting the yield of liquid steel.
 Problem Statement. The m...
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| Опубліковано в: : | Наука та інновації |
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| Дата: | 2020 |
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Видавничий дім "Академперіодика" НАН України
2020
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| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Цитувати: | Improving the Efficiency of the low-Voltage potential application Method at top oxygen Blowing in Converter / S.I. Semykin, T.S. Golub, S.A. Dudchenko // Наука та інновації. — 2020. — Т. 16, № 2. — С. 79-86. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860133262282719232 |
|---|---|
| author | Semykin, S.I. Golub, T.S. Dudchenko, S.A. |
| author_facet | Semykin, S.I. Golub, T.S. Dudchenko, S.A. |
| citation_txt | Improving the Efficiency of the low-Voltage potential application Method at top oxygen Blowing in Converter / S.I. Semykin, T.S. Golub, S.A. Dudchenko // Наука та інновації. — 2020. — Т. 16, № 2. — С. 79-86. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Наука та інновації |
| description | Introduction. The main factor of oxygen blowing in converters is the interaction of oxygen jet with the molten metal bath. It determines hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer, slag formation and causes metal losses with emissions affecting the yield of liquid steel.
Problem Statement. The most promising research aimed at improving the slag formation and increasing the yield of liquid steel in the conditions of modern metallurgical practice. It deals with the electro physical effects on the metal smelting process. It includes the method of low-voltage potentials application developed in the Iron and Steel Institute of Z.I. Nekrasov of the NAS of Ukraine (ISI NASU).
Purpose. To study the possibilities and to evaluate ways to improve the efficiency of the method of low-voltage potential application for top oxygen blowing in the converter.
Materials and Methods. The tests were carried out on a 160-ton industrial oxygen converter equipped with a device for low-voltage potential application on the lance and a metal bath with imposition of a negative or positive polarity to the lance throughout the blowing period. The top blowing option through five nozzle tip has been studied while producing medium carbon steel with intermediate deslagging.
Results. The analysis of the array of experimental industrial heats carried out in 160-t converters in conditions of low-voltage potential application, has made it possible to identify the following patterns of changes in the electrical characteristics of the bath from the blowing parameters. It was established that regardless of the polarity of the potential at the lance, the magnitude of the values of current and useful power of impact in lance–metal bath circuit over blowing periods depends on: the level of the voltage at the source of current and the height of the lance in the converter's volume above the metal bath. Thus, it is necessary to maintain the position of the lance: from the beginning of the blowing, depending on the location of the scrap, at a height of 0.9—1.0 m, in the main blowing period, at 1.0—1.2 m, and in the final period, at 1.0—1.1 m, which is made taking into account the effective support of the current during the blowing at an adequate level to achieve the maximum level of the effect of the low voltage potential application.
Conclusions. Industrial testing of the recommended blow mode in 160-t converters showed the possibility to almost double the efficiency of using low-voltage potential application compared with the previously developed and accepted at the plant mode of its application.
Вступ. Основним фактором продувки в кисневих конвертерах є взаємодія кисневого струменя з розплавленою ванною, який і визначає гідродинаміку, тепло- і масообмін, шлакоутворення, а також величину втрат металу з виносами і викидами, що впливають на вихід рідкої сталі.
Проблематика. До найбільш перспективних досліджень, спрямованих на поліпшення процесу шлакоутворення й підвищення виходу рідкої сталі в умовах сучасної металургійної практики можна віднести електрофізичні впливи на процес виплавки металу, такі як метод використання низьковольтних потенціалів, що розробляється в Інституті чорної металургії ім. З.І. Некрасова Національної академії наук України (ІЧМ НАНУ).
Мета. Дослідження можливостей і оцінка шляхів підвищення ефективності використання методу накладення низьковольтного потенціалу при верхній кисневій продувці в конвертері.
Матеріали й методи. Випробування проводили на промисловому кисневому конвертері потужністю 160 т, обладнаному пристроєм накладання низьковольтного потенціалу на фурму та металеву ванну з підведенням до фурми негативної чи позитивної полярності протягом усього періоду продувки. Було досліджено варіант продувки зверху через п’ятисоплову фурму при виробництві середньовуглецевої марки сталі за технологією з проміжним скачуванням шлаку.
Результати. Аналіз масиву дослідних промислових плавок, проведених в 160-тонних конвертерах в умовах накладання низьковольтного потенціалу, дозволив виявити закономірності зміни електричних характеристик ванни від параметрів продувки. Встановлено, що, незалежно від роду й полярності потенціалу на фурмі, величина сили струму та корисної потужності впливу у ланцюзі фурма—металева ванна за періодами продувки залежать: від напруги на джерелі струму та від взаємної висоти розміщення фурми в конвертері відносно металу. Таким чином, необхідною є підтримка положення фурми: з початку продувки залежно від розміщення скрапу, на висоті 0,9—1,0 м, в основний період продувки — на висоті 1,0—1,2 м, і в заключний період — 1,0—1,1 м, що реалізується з урахуванням ефективної підтримки сили струму під час продувки на достатньому рівні для досягнення максимального рівня ефекту від впливу низьковольтного потенціалу.
Висновки. Промислові випробування рекомендованого режиму продувки в умовах 160-тонного конвертера показали можливість майже подвоїти ефективність методу накладання низьковольтного потенціалу порівняно з розробленим раніше та прийнятим на заводі режимом його застосування.
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| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:45:40Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
79
https://doi.org/10.15407/scin16.02.079
sEMykin, s.i., GoluB, t.s., and DuDchEnko, s.a.
Iron and Steel Institute of Z.I. Nekrasov, the NAS of Ukraine,
1, Ac. Starodubov Sq., Dnipro, 49107, Ukraine,
+380 56 790 0512, office.isi@nas.gov.ua
iMPRovinG tHe eFFiciencY oF tHe
LoW-voLtaGe PotentiaL aPPLication MetHod
at toP oXYGen BLoWinG in conveRteR
цитування: semykin, s.i., Golub, t.s., and Dudchenko, s.a. improving the Efficiency of the low-Voltage
potential application Method at top oxygen Blowing in Converter. Nauka innov. 2020. V. 16, no. 2. p. 79—
86. https://doi.org/10.15407/scin16.02.079
Introduction. The main factor of oxygen blowing in converters is the interaction of oxygen jet with the molten
metal bath. It determines hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer, slag formation and causes metal losses with
emissions affecting the yield of liquid steel.
Problem Statement. The most promising research aimed at improving the slag formation and increasing the
yield of liquid steel in the conditions of modern metallurgical practice. It deals with the electro physical effects on
the metal smelting process. It includes the method of lowvoltage potentials application developed in the Iron and
Steel Institute of Z.I. Nekrasov of the NAS of Ukraine (ISI NASU).
Purpose. To study the possibilities and to evaluate ways to improve the efficiency of the method of lowvoltage
potential application for top oxygen blowing in the converter.
Materials and Methods. The tests were carried out on a 160ton industrial oxygen converter equipped with
a device for lowvoltage potential application on the lance and a metal bath with imposition of a negative or
positive polarity to the lance throughout the blowing period. The top blowing option through five nozzle tip has
been studied while producing medium carbon steel with intermediate deslagging.
Results. The analysis of the array of experimental industrial heats carried out in 160t converters in conditions
of lowvoltage potential application, has made it possible to identify the following patterns of changes in the
electrical characteristics of the bath from the blowing parameters. It was established that regardless of the polarity
of the potential at the lance, the magnitude of the values of current and useful power of impact in lance–metal
bath circuit over blowing periods depends on: the level of the voltage at the source of current and the height of the
lance in the converter's volume above the metal bath. Thus, it is necessary to maintain the position of the lance:
from the beginning of the blowing, depending on the location of the scrap, at a height of 0.9—1.0 m, in the main
blowing period, at 1.0—1.2 m, and in the final period, at 1.0—1.1 m, which is made taking into account the
effective support of the current during the blowing at an adequate level to achieve the maximum level of the effect
of the low voltage potential application.
Conclusions. Industrial testing of the recommended blow mode in 160t converters showed the possibility to
almost double the efficiency of using lowvoltage potential application compared with the previously developed
and accepted at the plant mode of its application.
K e y w o r d s : oxygen converting, lowvoltage potential, current strength, useful power, lance position.
ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16(2)
semykin, s.i., Golub, t.s., and Dudchenko, s.a.
80 ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (2)
according to Worldsteel, in 2018, the world crude
steel production reached 1808 million tons [1].
at the same time, almost 21 million ton steel is
produced in ukraine. Due to its “flexibility” and
fast adaptability to changing charge and tech-
nological conditions, the oxygen converter pro-
cess has the major share in it.
the main factor of oxygen blowing in conver-
ters is the interaction of high-speed oxygen jet
with the molten metal bath [2—6]. it determines
hyd rodynamics, heat and mass transfer, slag for-
mation and cause the amount of metal losses with
emissions affecting the yield of liquid steel [7—
10]. the most promising research aimed slag for-
mation improvement and yield of liquid steel in-
crease in the conditions of modern metallurgical
practice include electro physical effects on the
pro cess of metal smelting, that include the method
of low-voltage potentials application developed
in the iron and steel institute of Z.i. nekrasov of
the nas of ukraine (isi nasu). the method uti-
lized a low voltage application to the slag-metal
steelmaking bath and improves heat and mass
transfer in the top blown oxygen converter. nu-
merous industrial trials confirmed the advanta-
ges of the suggested method: increasing the metal
temperature (on average by 8—12 °C), decreasing
consumptions of pig iron and metal charge (by
3—8 kg/t), increasing the refining degree of me-
tals, and some others [11].
the purpose of this work was to study and eva-
luate the possibilities to improve the efficiency of
the method of low-voltage potential application
for top oxygen blowing in the converter.
the industrial trials were performed with an
160-t top blown oxygen converter (working volu-
me 125 m3 and metal level 1.3 m) specially equip-
ped for the low voltage application of positive or
negative polarity to the electrically isolated lan-
ce and opposite polarity to the bottom electrode
ma de of carbon-containing refractories during the
whole blowing period. in these tests, a five-nozz-
le top lance with a critical section diameter of la-
val nozzle of 32 mm and the angle of inclination
of the nozzle to the lance axis of 14 degrees was
used. the oxygen was blown for 20—22 min at
380—420 m3/min. schematic diagram of the ex-
perimental set-up is given in Fig. 1.
the heats were carried out at medium-carbon
steel smelting according to the technology with
intermediate deslagging on the options: 1 — wit-
hout effects; 2 — with a supply to the lance of a
potential of negative polarity; 3 — with a supply
of positive polarity. During the blowing the lance
position and electrical characteristics for the cir-
cuit lance—metal bath for options 2 and 3 (current
and voltage) were recorded on a pC.
Blowing mode was characterized with a small
amount of slag at a practically unchanged posi-
tion of the lance during the smelting. the tech no-
logical modes of smelting in the oxygen conver-
ters were regulated by “the technological inst-
ruction” of the enterprise.
Figs. 2—3 show the diagrams of change of the
lance height and electrical parameters in the lan-
ce—metal bath circuit (current and voltage) du ring
the heats with low-voltage application of diffe-
rent polarity on the lance.
380 V
10 a
8
9
500 a
12 V
2
6
12
10
7 11
4
9
5 V
A
3
1
Fig. 1. schematic diagram of the experimental set-up: 1 —
starter; 2 — rectifier; 3 — resistance; 4 — shunt and ammeter;
5 — voltmeter; 6 — current supply to the lance; 7 — bottom
contact electrode-carbon contained refractory brick; 8 —
source of current; 9 — copper cables; 10 — lance; 11 — metal-
slag bath; 12 — converter
improving the Efficiency of the low-Voltage potential application Method at top oxygen Blowing in converter
ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (2) 81
30
20
10
13:36:29 13:43:41 13:50:53
Blowing time, h:min:s
13:58:05 14:05:17
C
ur
re
nt
×
1
0,
A
, V
ol
ta
ge
, V
, L
an
ce
p
os
iti
on
, m
0
40
50
60
13:29:17
it was established that the dynamics of chan-
ges in the electrical properties of the bath was
variable during the blowing and differs some-
w hat depending on the polarity of the potential:
the level of current at negative polarity of poten-
tial on the lance was higher than at positive po-
larity of potential even despite the unchanged
level of the lance position for a long time during
the blowing.
it follows from the diagrams that option 2 was
characterized by a smoother increase in current
values to maximum values at the beginning of the
blowing till the deslagging without significant
fluctuations. it corresponded to uniform active
slag formation in this option with bath foaming
and ensuring even and constant contact in the lan-
ce—metal bath circuit that corresponds to the
results of previous studies [12—13]. option 3 was
characterized by an abrupt increase in current
(amplitude of 5—10 a) in the period before des-
lagging. it probably indicates less favorable con-
ditions for slag formation from the point of view
of ensuring contact in the lance—metal bath cir-
cuit for low-voltage potential application. ho we-
ver, values of current close to those obtained in
option 2 were achieved.
analysis of diagrams of current and voltage
changes indicates similar changes in time of the
Fig. 2. Diagrams of change of the
current (a), voltage (b) measured
in a circuit a blowing lance–metal
bath at a certain lance position
above the metal (c) at low-voltage
application of negative polarity on
the lance
Fig. 3. Diagrams of change of the
current (a), voltage (b) measured
in a circuit a blowing lance–metal
bath at a certain lance position
above the metal (c) at low-voltage
application of positive polarity on
the lance
30
20
10
11:05:17 11:12:29 11:19:41
Blowing time, h:min:s
11:26:53
C
ur
re
nt
×
1
0,
A
, V
ol
ta
ge
, V
, L
an
ce
p
os
iti
on
, m
0
40
50
60
10:58:05
a
a
b
b
c
c
semykin, s.i., Golub, t.s., and Dudchenko, s.a.
82 ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (2)
values repeated from melting to melting, and ref-
lecting, first of all, the mutual arrangement of the
lance and the metal bath by blowing periods. high
values of voltage correspond to low values of cur-
rent in the circuit and vice versa. lowering the
lance position into the converter or raising the
level of the bath was accompanied by a de crease
in the voltage and an increase in the current values.
in general, the analysis of the graphs of current
change over time, obtained under the operating
conditions of industrial converters, showed the
following. the initial blowing period was charac-
terized by a minimum level of current that was a
consequence of both a small amount of slag and
its poor conductivity. the first maximum in the
metal bath conductivity was at the end of the pro-
cess of oxidation of silicon — the period before
deslagging. By this period, the slag basicity usual-
ly approached 1.5 units that lead to its sig nificant
foaming. after the deslagging, a high le vel of cur-
rent was observed at the beginning of the second
blowing period. it reflects the guidance of ferrous
slag, since silicon has already burned out, and the
reaction of carbon oxidation was not yet suffi-
ciently developed. the second rise in the values of
the magnitude of the current was in the middle of
the blowing. it was associated with a significant
intensification of the process of carbon oxidation.
During this period, the bath was boiling that in-
creased the level of current due to increase the
contact area of the lance with a slag-metal emul-
sion. During this period, the operator raised the
lance position to maintain the oxidizing potential
of the slag. Further, the carbon content in the me-
tal reached 0.7—0.8% and there was a transition
from surface to bulk oxidation of carbon with the
accumulation of oxygen in the metal and the in-
tensity of the carbon oxidation process increases
[14—15]. in this period the level of slag-metal
bath and the contact in the lance—metal bath
chain were also reduced. Further when the carbon
amount in the metal decreases lower than 0.2—
0.3% the level of iron oxides in the slag increases
and the slag—metal bath rise up again. it cause in-
crease the current in the lance—metal bath cir cuit.
respectively, the values of the current du ring the
blowing are largely determined by both the posi-
tion of the lance and the state of the slag phase.
it was experimentally established that the op-
tion with a negative polarity of potential on the
lance was characterized by higher values of the
“useful” power than the option with a positive
Fig. 4. Dependence of power in
lance—metal bath circuit from the
height of the lance in blowing
periods: a — before deslagging; b —
main blowing period, c — final
blowing period at the beginning of
the lining campaign
4.0
2.0
0
–2.0
1 1.5 2
a
b
c
Lance height above the metal bath, m
2.5 3
Po
w
er
in
th
e
ci
rc
ui
t l
an
ce
–m
et
al
m
et
, K
W
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
0.5
improving the Efficiency of the low-Voltage potential application Method at top oxygen Blowing in converter
ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (2) 83
po larity of potential on the lance. the reason
probably is the characterized for negative polarity
of potential active slag formation that is accom-
panied by an active bath foaming [12—13]. it
provides an increase in the contact surface of the
lance with a slag-metal bath and consequently
contributes to an increase in the magnitude of the
impact power.
special analysis of dependence of power in lan-
ce—metal bath circuit from the height of the lan-
ce position for different periods of blowing: befo-
re deslagging, the main part of blowing, the final
part of blowing for two periods of converter ope-
ration: at the beginning of the campaign on the
lining and at the end of the lining campaign
showed the following (as an example diagrams of
dependence of circuit lance—metal bath power
on the lance position above the metal bath at the
beginning of the lining campaign are shown in
Fig. 4). the lance begins to interact with the slag
melt when the height of its location decreases to
the level of 2.0—2.5 m. then the maximum power
values in the initial blowing period correspond to
the lance height about 0.9—1.0 m. in the main
part of the blowing, the maximum power was
reached at the position of the lance of about 1.0—
1.2 m. at the end of the blowing the level of the
lance that provided maximum power correspon-
ded to approximately 1.0—1.1 m. Wherein at the
end of the lining campaign, the maximum power
values were achieved at lower lance height than
in the initial period of lining campaign due to the
fact that during the campaign the lining is “worn
out” and “washed out”, and geometrical para me-
ters of the bath change- it becomes lower.
thus, it was found that to ensure the effects
from low voltage potential application at the ma-
ximum level, it is necessary to provide constant
best conditions for contact in the circuit of the
lance—metal bath, that are characterized by the
magnitude of the current (desirable with a small
amplitude of values fluctuations). to provide it,
it is necessary to move the lance to achieve immer-
sion of the tip in the slag-metal emulsion layer.
When the lance is located below rational level,
the tip approaches the low-resistance metal melt
layers that could cause the short-circuited mode.
it characterizes by very low values of the voltage
with the maximum values of the current deter-
mined by the power of the electrical equipment.
this mode, in addition, overheats an equipment
and eliminates the receipt of technological effects
from low-voltage application. the rise of the lan-
ce above the rational level leads to a sharp increase
in resistance at the site the lance—metal bath due
to the higher resistance of the slag phase and the
oscillatory movement of the reacting phases. it
leads to an unstable and underrepresented mo de
of electrical energy transfer to the converter bath
with a decrease in the current values.
taking it into account a blowing mode was
proposed and tested. it provides the low-voltage
potential application during the oxygen blowing
of converter bath with a negative polarity on the
lance and during the blowing, after gradual lo we-
ring of the lance into the converter for the period
of scrap melting, by lance moving in the converter
volume relative to the reference heights (in the pe-
riod before deslagging 30—32 caliber, during the
main blowing of 37—40 calibers, in the last quar-
Table 1. Recommended Parameters
of the Lance Position Depending on the Current
in the Lance – Metal Bath Circuit
Blowing parameters
oxygen
consumption,
m3/t
lance
position,
caliber
Current parameters
10—15 30—35 Before the current in the circuit
15—20 35—40 up to 90—95% of maximum cur-
rent level
25—30 30—35 Maintaining at the level of 90—
95% of maximum current level
30—35 35—45 Maintaining at the level of 70—
75% of the maximum current level
35—40 30—35 Maintaining at the level of 90—
95% of maximum current level
40—45 40—45 Maintaining at the level of 70—
75% of the maximum current level
45—50 (55)* 30—35 to maintain a steady flow of cur-
rent due to slag subsidence
semykin, s.i., Golub, t.s., and Dudchenko, s.a.
84 ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (2)
ter of blowing time of 32—35 caliber), the maxi-
mum level of impact power in the lance—metal
melt circuit is provided by maintaining a rational
combination of the level of voltage and current in
the circuit within the established limits (table 1).
according to the developed rational blowing
mode, 70 heats were carried out in 160-t converter
operation conditions (table 2). it was noted that
the melting carried out according to the
recommended blowing mode with low-voltage
potential application and with changing the lance
height was characterized by early slag formation
and maintaining slag in the foamed state without
overflows and without “drying” the slag during
the entire blowing. the obtained on such heats
results were compared both with the mode of
low-voltage potential application adopted in the
workshop and with the standard option of metal
blowing without electrical effects (table 2).
the analysis of the results has shown that in
addition to the previously created method of low-
voltage potential application, the recommended
blowing mode enables reducing the specific con-
sumption of metal charge by 2.5—3.0 kg/t which
is equivalent to an increase in the yield of liquid
steel by 0.21—0.3%. thus, the developed and re-
commended blowing mode makes it possib le to
almost double the efficiency of using low-volta-
ge potential application. Moreover, the num ber
of addition blowing for every 10 heats of each op-
tion was reduced from 0.4 for the option without
effects to 0.15 for the option with application
of low-voltage potential under the recommen-
ded mode.
the article presents the results of industrial
studies on 160-t converters the possibilities and
evaluation ways to improve the efficiency of the
method of low-voltage potential application for
top oxygen blowing in the converter. it was found
a change in the values of the electric current in
the chain of a lance—metal bath reflects the state
of the metal bath and is a function of a number of
parameters, such as: the electrical properties of
the metal bath, the space between the tip of the
lance and the liquid metal bath and the dynamics
of the interacting phases (gas, slag and metal),
and, above all, its main component, slag metal
emulsion. lowering the lance position into the
converter or raising the level of the bath was
accompanied by a decrease in the voltage and an
increase in the current values. high values of
voltage correspond to low values of current in the
circuit and vice versa.
it was established that at negative polarity of
potential on the lance the higher level of useful
power was observed. the second most powerful
parameter that determines the magnitude of the
developed electric current and power in lance—
metal bath circuit is the lance position height
above the metal bath in the working volume of
the converter. the best work conditions for low-
voltage application in the initial period are at
lance position of 0.9—1.0 m, in the main period
of blowing of 1.0—1.2 m, and in the final period
Table 2. Evaluation Results of the Effectiveness
of the Developed Blowing Mode in 160-t Converter
Blowing
parameters
Blowing options
Without
effects
low-voltage
application
mode, adopted
in the
workshop
recommended
blowing mode
with low-
voltage potential
application
heat amount,
pierces
70 70 70
hot metal, t 129.38 128.09 128.16
scrap, t 39.34 40.73 40.62
Metal charge, t 168.72 168.82 168.78
unit consump-
tion, kg/t:
hot metal 856.82 845.47 844.25
scrap 260.53 268.87 267.60
metal charge 1117.35 1114.35
(–3.0) *
1111.85 (–5.5)
steel, t 151.0 151.5 151.8
liquid metal
yield, %
89.49 89.73 (0.24) 89.94 (0.45)
Electric energy
consumption,
W × h/t
0 40 40
Note. * Deviation from the option without effects
improving the Efficiency of the low-Voltage potential application Method at top oxygen Blowing in converter
ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (2) 85
1.0—1.1 m, depending on the geometry of the
bath (its depth during the lining campaign).
it was found that to ensure the effects from
low voltage potential application at the maxi-
mum level, it is necessary to provide constant
best conditions for contact in the circuit of the
lance—metal bath, that are characterized by the
magnitude of the current (desirable with a small
amplitude of values fluctuations). to provide it,
it is necessary to move the lance to achieve im-
mersion of the tip in the slag-metal emulsion layer
depending on the current change in the circuit
the lance-metal bath.
industrial testing of the recommended blowing
mode in 160-ton converters, compared with the
method of using low-voltage potential applica-
tion adopted in the workshop, showed the pos-
sibility of an additional reduction of the specific
amount of the charge by 2.5—3.0 kg/t, that cor-
responds to an additional increase in the liquid
steel yield of 0.21—0.30% as compared to the
classical converter melting option without effects.
Acknowledgments. The authors are grateful to
V.V. Vakulchuk, ISI NASU researcher, and V.I. Ma
karenko, Head of the Converter Shop, for their va
luable contribution to the laboratory and industrial
experiments.
The authors declare that they have no conflict
of interest.
rEFErEnCEs
1. December 2018 crude steel production date- 64 countries reporting to worldsteel. url: http:// www.worldsteel.org.
(last accessed: 19.12.2019).
2. Bojchenko, B. M., ohotskij, V. B., harlashin, p. s. (2006). Сonverter steel production. Dnepropetrovsk: «Dnepro-Val»
[in russian].
3. Barker, k. J., paules, J. r., rymarchyk, n. (1998). Chapter 8. Oxygen Steelmaking Furnace Mechanical Description and
Maintenance Considerations. pittsburgh. the aisE steel Foundation.
4. Bigeev, a. M., Bigeev V. a. (2000). Steel metallurgy. Тheory and technology of steel smelting. Magnotigоrsk: Mstu [in
russian].
5. stubbles, J. (2005). The Basic Oxygen Steelmaking (BOS) Process. nupro Corporation.
6. smil, V. (2006). Transforming the Twentieth Century. Technical Innovations and Their Consequences. oxford university
press.
7. kolpakov, s. V., teder, l. k., Dubrovskij, s. a. (1981). Сonverter smelting. Moscow: Metallurgiia [in russian].
8. Boom, r. (2003). Mastering the heat in the Fe-C-o converter: Evolution of process control in fifty years of oxygen steel-
making. Proceedings of 4th European Oxygen Steelmaking Conf. austria. 12—15 may Eisenhütte üsterreich, 19—37.
9. Maia, B. t., imagawa, r. k., petrucelli, a. C., tavares, r. p. (2014). Effect of blow parameters in the jet penetration by
physical model of BoF converter. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 3(3), 244—256.
10. ohnuki, k., hraoka, t., inoue, t., umezawa, k., Matsumoto, n. (1994). Development of steel scrap melting process. Nip
pon steel technical report, 61, 52—57.
11. semykin, s. i., polyakov, V. F. (2014). application of low voltages in the converter smelting of steel. Steel in Translation,
44(9), 660—664.
12. semykina, Т. s., semykin, s. i. (2008). the effect of the polarity of the electric potential imposed on the converter bath
on the state and chemical composition of the slag melt. Fundamental and practical problems of ferrous metallurgy, 15,
125—129 [in russian].
13. semykin, s. i., Golub, t. s. (2018). in situ investigation of slag-Metal interactions in top Blown oxygen Converter
upon low-Voltage application. Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 70(10), 2262—2269.
14. luhtura, F. i. (2012). on the critical concentration of carbon in the melt in converter. Bulletin of the Azov State Technical
University. Engineering sciences, 24, 49—56 [in russian].
15. sushenko, a. V. (2003). Determination of the critical concentration of carbon in the top blowing oxygen converter. Bul
letin of the Azov State Technical University. Engineering science, 13, 1—7 [in russian].
Стаття надійшла до редакції / Received 10.04.19
Статтю прорецензовано / Revised 21.05.19
Статтю підписано до друку / Accepted 24.06.19
semykin, s.i., Golub, t.s., and Dudchenko, s.a.
86 ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (2)
С.І. Семикін, Т.С. Голуб, С.О. Дудченко
Інститут чорної металургії ім. з.І. Некрасова НаН України,
пл. акад. стародубова, 1, Дніпро, 49107, Україна,
+380 56 790 0512, office.isi@nas.gov.ua
ПІДВищеННя еФекТиВНосТІ МеТоДУ
ВикорисТаННя НизькоВоЛьТНих ПоТеНцІаЛІВ
При ВерхНІй кисНеВІй ПроДУВцІ коНВерТера
Вступ. основним фактором продувки в кисневих конвертерах є взаємодія кисневого струменя з розплавленою ван-
ною, який і визначає гідродинаміку, тепло- і масообмін, шлакоутворення, а також величину втрат металу з виноса-
ми і викидами, що впливають на вихід рідкої сталі.
Проблематика. До найбільш перспективних досліджень, спрямованих на поліпшення процесу шлакоутворення
й підвищення виходу рідкої сталі в умовах сучасної металургійної практики можна віднести електрофізичні впливи
на процес виплавки металу, такі як метод використання низьковольтних потенціалів, що розробляється в Інституті
чорної металургії ім. з.І. Некрасова Національної академії наук України (ІчМ НаНУ).
Мета. Дослідження можливостей і оцінка шляхів підвищення ефективності використання методу накладення
низьковольтного потенціалу при верхній кисневій продувці в конвертері.
Матеріали й методи. Випробування проводили на промисловому кисневому конвертері потужністю 160 т, облад-
наному пристроєм накладання низьковольтного потенціалу на фурму та металеву ванну з підведенням до фурми
негативної чи позитивної полярності протягом усього періоду продувки. Було досліджено варіант продувки
звер ху через п’ятисоплову фурму при виробництві середньовуглецевої марки сталі за технологією з проміжним ска-
чуванням шлаку.
Результати. аналіз масиву дослідних промислових плавок, проведених в 160-тонних конвертерах в умовах накла-
дання низьковольтного потенціалу, дозволив виявити закономірності зміни електричних характеристик ванни від
параметрів продувки. Встановлено, що, незалежно від роду й полярності потенціалу на фурмі, величина сили струму
та корисної потужності впливу у ланцюзі фурма—металева ванна за періодами продувки залежать: від напруги на
джерелі струму та від взаємної висоти розміщення фурми в конвертері відносно металу. Таким чином, необхідною
є підтримка положення фурми: з початку продувки залежно від розміщення скрапу, на висоті 0,9—1,0 м, в основ-
ний період продувки — на висоті 1,0—1,2 м, і в заключний період — 1,0—1,1 м, що реалізується з урахуванням
ефек тивної підтримки сили струму під час продувки на достатньому рівні для досягнення максимального рівня
ефекту від впливу низьковольтного потенціалу.
Висновки. Промислові випробування рекомендованого режиму продувки в умовах 160-тонного конвертера пока-
зали можливість майже подвоїти ефективність методу накладання низьковольтного потенціалу порівняно з роз-
робленим раніше та прийнятим на заводі режимом його застосування.
Ключові слова : кисневе конвертування, низьковольтний потенціал, сила струму, корисна потужність, положення
фурми.
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-184837 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1815-2066 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:45:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Видавничий дім "Академперіодика" НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Semykin, S.I. Golub, T.S. Dudchenko, S.A. 2022-07-20T11:25:36Z 2022-07-20T11:25:36Z 2020 Improving the Efficiency of the low-Voltage potential application Method at top oxygen Blowing in Converter / S.I. Semykin, T.S. Golub, S.A. Dudchenko // Наука та інновації. — 2020. — Т. 16, № 2. — С. 79-86. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. 1815-2066 DOI: doi.org/10.15407/scin16.02.079 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/184837 Introduction. The main factor of oxygen blowing in converters is the interaction of oxygen jet with the molten metal bath. It determines hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer, slag formation and causes metal losses with emissions affecting the yield of liquid steel.
 Problem Statement. The most promising research aimed at improving the slag formation and increasing the yield of liquid steel in the conditions of modern metallurgical practice. It deals with the electro physical effects on the metal smelting process. It includes the method of low-voltage potentials application developed in the Iron and Steel Institute of Z.I. Nekrasov of the NAS of Ukraine (ISI NASU).
 Purpose. To study the possibilities and to evaluate ways to improve the efficiency of the method of low-voltage potential application for top oxygen blowing in the converter.
 Materials and Methods. The tests were carried out on a 160-ton industrial oxygen converter equipped with a device for low-voltage potential application on the lance and a metal bath with imposition of a negative or positive polarity to the lance throughout the blowing period. The top blowing option through five nozzle tip has been studied while producing medium carbon steel with intermediate deslagging.
 Results. The analysis of the array of experimental industrial heats carried out in 160-t converters in conditions of low-voltage potential application, has made it possible to identify the following patterns of changes in the electrical characteristics of the bath from the blowing parameters. It was established that regardless of the polarity of the potential at the lance, the magnitude of the values of current and useful power of impact in lance–metal bath circuit over blowing periods depends on: the level of the voltage at the source of current and the height of the lance in the converter's volume above the metal bath. Thus, it is necessary to maintain the position of the lance: from the beginning of the blowing, depending on the location of the scrap, at a height of 0.9—1.0 m, in the main blowing period, at 1.0—1.2 m, and in the final period, at 1.0—1.1 m, which is made taking into account the effective support of the current during the blowing at an adequate level to achieve the maximum level of the effect of the low voltage potential application.
 Conclusions. Industrial testing of the recommended blow mode in 160-t converters showed the possibility to almost double the efficiency of using low-voltage potential application compared with the previously developed and accepted at the plant mode of its application. Вступ. Основним фактором продувки в кисневих конвертерах є взаємодія кисневого струменя з розплавленою ванною, який і визначає гідродинаміку, тепло- і масообмін, шлакоутворення, а також величину втрат металу з виносами і викидами, що впливають на вихід рідкої сталі.
 Проблематика. До найбільш перспективних досліджень, спрямованих на поліпшення процесу шлакоутворення й підвищення виходу рідкої сталі в умовах сучасної металургійної практики можна віднести електрофізичні впливи на процес виплавки металу, такі як метод використання низьковольтних потенціалів, що розробляється в Інституті чорної металургії ім. З.І. Некрасова Національної академії наук України (ІЧМ НАНУ).
 Мета. Дослідження можливостей і оцінка шляхів підвищення ефективності використання методу накладення низьковольтного потенціалу при верхній кисневій продувці в конвертері.
 Матеріали й методи. Випробування проводили на промисловому кисневому конвертері потужністю 160 т, обладнаному пристроєм накладання низьковольтного потенціалу на фурму та металеву ванну з підведенням до фурми негативної чи позитивної полярності протягом усього періоду продувки. Було досліджено варіант продувки зверху через п’ятисоплову фурму при виробництві середньовуглецевої марки сталі за технологією з проміжним скачуванням шлаку.
 Результати. Аналіз масиву дослідних промислових плавок, проведених в 160-тонних конвертерах в умовах накладання низьковольтного потенціалу, дозволив виявити закономірності зміни електричних характеристик ванни від параметрів продувки. Встановлено, що, незалежно від роду й полярності потенціалу на фурмі, величина сили струму та корисної потужності впливу у ланцюзі фурма—металева ванна за періодами продувки залежать: від напруги на джерелі струму та від взаємної висоти розміщення фурми в конвертері відносно металу. Таким чином, необхідною є підтримка положення фурми: з початку продувки залежно від розміщення скрапу, на висоті 0,9—1,0 м, в основний період продувки — на висоті 1,0—1,2 м, і в заключний період — 1,0—1,1 м, що реалізується з урахуванням ефективної підтримки сили струму під час продувки на достатньому рівні для досягнення максимального рівня ефекту від впливу низьковольтного потенціалу.
 Висновки. Промислові випробування рекомендованого режиму продувки в умовах 160-тонного конвертера показали можливість майже подвоїти ефективність методу накладання низьковольтного потенціалу порівняно з розробленим раніше та прийнятим на заводі режимом його застосування. The authors are grateful to V.V. Vakulchuk, ISI NASU researcher, and V.I. Makarenko, Head of the Converter Shop, for their valuable contribution to the laboratory and industrial experiments.
 The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. en Видавничий дім "Академперіодика" НАН України Наука та інновації Науково-технічні інноваційні проекти Національної академії наук України Improving the Efficiency of the low-Voltage potential application Method at top oxygen Blowing in Converter Підвищення ефективності методу використання низьковольтних потенціалів при верхній кисневій продувці конвертера Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Improving the Efficiency of the low-Voltage potential application Method at top oxygen Blowing in Converter Semykin, S.I. Golub, T.S. Dudchenko, S.A. Науково-технічні інноваційні проекти Національної академії наук України |
| title | Improving the Efficiency of the low-Voltage potential application Method at top oxygen Blowing in Converter |
| title_alt | Підвищення ефективності методу використання низьковольтних потенціалів при верхній кисневій продувці конвертера |
| title_full | Improving the Efficiency of the low-Voltage potential application Method at top oxygen Blowing in Converter |
| title_fullStr | Improving the Efficiency of the low-Voltage potential application Method at top oxygen Blowing in Converter |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improving the Efficiency of the low-Voltage potential application Method at top oxygen Blowing in Converter |
| title_short | Improving the Efficiency of the low-Voltage potential application Method at top oxygen Blowing in Converter |
| title_sort | improving the efficiency of the low-voltage potential application method at top oxygen blowing in converter |
| topic | Науково-технічні інноваційні проекти Національної академії наук України |
| topic_facet | Науково-технічні інноваційні проекти Національної академії наук України |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/184837 |
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