¹³⁷Cs circulation in forest eco systems on the territory of the Chornobyl exclusion zone (Plant)
Seasonal changes in the content of ¹³⁷Cs in plants of the forest ecosystems on the territory of the Chornobyl exclusion zone have been studied. Samples were selected from 2013 till 2015 once per two weeks. The studied objects were one- and two-year-old needles and branches of the Scots pine (P. sy...
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Zarubina, N.Ye. 2022-08-27T11:23:37Z 2022-08-27T11:23:37Z 2022 ¹³⁷Cs circulation in forest eco systems on the territory of the Chornobyl exclusion zone (Plant) / N.Ye. Zarubina // Доповіді Національної академії наук України. — 2022. — № 2. — С. 92-98. — Бібліогр.: 11 назв. — англ. 1025-6415 DOI: doi.org/10.15407/dopovidi2022.02.092 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/184961 582.287, 539.16, 546.36 Seasonal changes in the content of ¹³⁷Cs in plants of the forest ecosystems on the territory of the Chornobyl exclusion zone have been studied. Samples were selected from 2013 till 2015 once per two weeks. The studied objects were one- and two-year-old needles and branches of the Scots pine (P. sylvestris). The ¹³⁷Cs content was measured by the gamma spectrometry. In the needles and branches of P. sylvestris, the maximum values of ¹³⁷Cs concentration are noted in the summer. The minimum values of ¹³⁷Cs content in the studied organs of P. sylvestris are characteristic of the autumn-winter period. Probably, the annual fluctuations in the content of this radionuclide in various organs of the studied plants are a consequence of the existence of the constant circulation of ¹³⁷Cs in the forest ecosystems, as a result of which this radionuclide not only gets from the soil into P. sylvestris, but is also excreted from its living tissues. Досліджено сезонні зміни вмісту ¹³⁷Cs у рослинах лісових екосистем на території Чорнобильської зони відчуження. Зразки відбиралися у 2013, 2014 та 2015 рр. із періодичністю один раз на два тижні. Досліджено одно- та дворічні хвоя і пагони сосни звичайної (P. sylvestris). Вміст ¹³⁷Cs визначено за допомогою методів гамма-спектрометрії. У хвої та пагонах P. sylvestris максимальні концентрації цього радіонукліда відмічено влітку. Мінімальні значення питомої активності ¹³⁷Cs у досліджених органах сосни звичайної є характерними для осені та зими. Ймовірно, щорічні коливання вмісту цього радіонукліда в різних органах P. sylvestris є наслідком існування постійного кругообігу ¹³⁷Cs у лісових екосистемах, під час якого цей радіонуклід не тільки потрапляє з ґрунту до рослини, але й виводиться з її живих тканин. This work was financed by the STCU 5954 project. en Видавничий дім "Академперіодика" НАН України Доповіді НАН України Екологія ¹³⁷Cs circulation in forest eco systems on the territory of the Chornobyl exclusion zone (Plant) Циркуляція ¹³⁷Cs у лісових екосистемах на території Чорнобильської зони відчуження (рослина) Article published earlier |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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DSpace DC |
| title |
¹³⁷Cs circulation in forest eco systems on the territory of the Chornobyl exclusion zone (Plant) |
| spellingShingle |
¹³⁷Cs circulation in forest eco systems on the territory of the Chornobyl exclusion zone (Plant) Zarubina, N.Ye. Екологія |
| title_short |
¹³⁷Cs circulation in forest eco systems on the territory of the Chornobyl exclusion zone (Plant) |
| title_full |
¹³⁷Cs circulation in forest eco systems on the territory of the Chornobyl exclusion zone (Plant) |
| title_fullStr |
¹³⁷Cs circulation in forest eco systems on the territory of the Chornobyl exclusion zone (Plant) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
¹³⁷Cs circulation in forest eco systems on the territory of the Chornobyl exclusion zone (Plant) |
| title_sort |
¹³⁷cs circulation in forest eco systems on the territory of the chornobyl exclusion zone (plant) |
| author |
Zarubina, N.Ye. |
| author_facet |
Zarubina, N.Ye. |
| topic |
Екологія |
| topic_facet |
Екологія |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Доповіді НАН України |
| publisher |
Видавничий дім "Академперіодика" НАН України |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
Циркуляція ¹³⁷Cs у лісових екосистемах на території Чорнобильської зони відчуження (рослина) |
| description |
Seasonal changes in the content of ¹³⁷Cs in plants of the forest ecosystems on the territory of the Chornobyl exclusion
zone have been studied. Samples were selected from 2013 till 2015 once per two weeks. The studied objects were
one- and two-year-old needles and branches of the Scots pine (P. sylvestris). The ¹³⁷Cs content was measured by the
gamma spectrometry. In the needles and branches of P. sylvestris, the maximum values of ¹³⁷Cs concentration are
noted in the summer. The minimum values of ¹³⁷Cs content in the studied organs of P. sylvestris are characteristic of
the autumn-winter period. Probably, the annual fluctuations in the content of this radionuclide in various organs of
the studied plants are a consequence of the existence of the constant circulation of ¹³⁷Cs in the forest ecosystems, as a
result of which this radionuclide not only gets from the soil into P. sylvestris, but is also excreted from its living tissues.
Досліджено сезонні зміни вмісту ¹³⁷Cs у рослинах лісових екосистем на території Чорнобильської зони
відчуження. Зразки відбиралися у 2013, 2014 та 2015 рр. із періодичністю один раз на два тижні. Досліджено одно- та дворічні хвоя і пагони сосни звичайної (P. sylvestris). Вміст ¹³⁷Cs визначено за допомогою методів гамма-спектрометрії. У хвої та пагонах P. sylvestris максимальні концентрації цього радіонукліда відмічено влітку. Мінімальні значення питомої активності ¹³⁷Cs у досліджених органах сосни звичайної є характерними для осені та зими. Ймовірно, щорічні коливання вмісту цього радіонукліда в різних органах
P. sylvestris є наслідком існування постійного кругообігу ¹³⁷Cs у лісових екосистемах, під час якого цей радіонуклід не тільки потрапляє з ґрунту до рослини, але й виводиться з її живих тканин.
|
| issn |
1025-6415 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/184961 |
| citation_txt |
¹³⁷Cs circulation in forest eco systems on the territory of the Chornobyl exclusion zone (Plant) / N.Ye. Zarubina // Доповіді Національної академії наук України. — 2022. — № 2. — С. 92-98. — Бібліогр.: 11 назв. — англ. |
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| first_indexed |
2025-11-24T21:53:32Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-11-24T21:53:32Z |
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| fulltext |
92
ОПОВІДІ
НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ
АКАДЕМІЇ НАУК
УКРАЇНИ
ISSN 1025-6415. Dopov. Nac. akad. nauk Ukr. 2022. № 2: 92—98
ЕКОЛОГІЯ
ECOLOGY
Ц и т у в а н н я: Zarubina N.Ye. 137Cs circulation in forest eco sys tems on the territory of the Chornobyl ex clu sion
zone (Plant). Допов. Нац. акад. наук Укр. 2022. № 2. С. 92—98. https://doi.org/10.15407/dopovidi2022.02.092
https://doi.org/10.15407/dopovidi2022.02.092
UDC 582.287, 539.16, 546.36
N.Ye. Zarubina, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1630-7667
Institute for Nuclear Research of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv
E-mail: nataliia.zarubina@gmail.com, zarubina@kinr.kiev.ua
137Cs circulation in forest ecosystems on the territory
of the Chornobyl exclusion zone (Plant)
Presented by Academician of the NAS of Ukraine V.I. Slisenko
Seasonal changes in the content of 137Cs in plants of the forest ecosystems on the territory of the Chornobyl exclu-
sion zone have been studied. Samples were selected from 2013 till 2015 once per two weeks. The studied objects were
one- and two-year-old needles and branches of the Scots pine (P. sylvestris). The 137Cs content was measured by the
gamma spectrometry. In the needles and branches of P. sylvestris, the maximum values of 137Cs concentration are
noted in the summer. The minimum values of 137Cs content in the studied organs of P. sylvestris are characteristic of
the autumn-winter period. Probably, the annual fluctuations in the content of this radionuclide in various organs of
the studied plants are a consequence of the existence of the constant circulation of 137Cs in the forest ecosystems, as a
result of which this radionuclide not only gets from the soil into P. sylvestris, but is also excreted from its living tissues.
Keywords: 137Cs, circulation, Chornobyl NPP, plant, forest ecosystems.
Studies of the dynamics and redistribution of 137Cs along the vertical profile of soils, forest lay-
ers, fungi, and other objects indicate a gradual decrease in the levels of the specific activity of this
radionuclide in various objects of the forest ecosystems over time after the accident. The results
of studies of the seasonal dynamics of the 137Cs content are not so unambiguous and often contain
contradictory data.
In [1], it was indicated that there is an internal cycle of the annual seasonal redistribution of
137Cs between the aboveground and underground phytomasses on the territory of the Ukrainian
Polissia. By the beginning of the growing season in May, the content of this radionuclide in the
aboveground phytomass is lower than in June. By the end of the growing season, 137Cs is trans-
ferred from the aboveground part of the mosses to the underground one.
Studies [2] carried out during the growing season on the territory of Ukrainian Polissia made
it possible to assert that the contents of 137Cs in plants of different species (blueberry, lingonberry,
male fern, and bracken) are subject to seasonal changes characteristic of each species and phy sio-
logical features associated with them.
93ISSN 1025-6415. Допов. Нац. акад. наук Укр. 2022. № 2
137Cs circulation in forest ecosystems on the territory of the Chornobyl exclusion zone (Plant)
In [3], it was indicated that, in blueberries on the territory of the Ukrainian Polissia, the
maximum content of 137Cs was found in the ground phytomass during the period of mass fruit-
ing in July. It was also noticed that beginning from March, the specific activity of this radio-
nuclide in the terrestrial phytomass almost steadily increases. After the berries ripen, there is
an intensive outflow of 137Cs from the aboveground phytomass to the rhizomes till October-
November.
In fungi-macromycetes of the forest ecosystems on the territory of the Ukrainian Polissia,
the seasonal dynamics of the 137Cs content was recorded — the maximum levels of specific acti-
vity of this radionuclide are registered in their fruit bodies in October, the minimum levels are
found in June [4].
The authors of [5] determined that the levels of the specific activity of 137Cs in the above-
ground phytomass of the forest ecosystems in winter increases by 10 times compared to that of
May. In [6], it is indicated that the seasonal dynamics of 137Cs accumulation in the growth of
Scots pine (a pollution indicating organ of the standing timber as a whole) is characterized by an
almost unidirectional change in the 137Cs concentration downward from spring to autumn.
In [7], seasonal changes in the assimilation apparatus of the Scots pine are taken into consi-
deration. The author showed that sharp decreases in the 137Cs concentration (by 2-3 times) from
spring to autumn are characteristic of physiologically active needles of the current year. The sta-
bilization begins around September. The same patterns were observed for two-year-old needles.
But, at the same time, no clearly marked changes in the content of this radionuclide in two- and
three-year-old needles are observed during the growing season.
The aim of the work was to study the seasonal variations in the content of 137Cs in various
objects of the forest ecosystems during the calendar year at a remote stage of the development
of the accidental situation. The changes in the concentration of this radionuclide in the plant
(Scotch pine) of the forest ecosystems in the exclusion zone of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant
are discussed in. what follows.
Materials and methods. Sampling sites. We studied the 137Cs circulation in different organs
of the Scotch pine on the territory of the exclusion zone of Chornobyl NPP (ChNPP). The sam-
pling sites are located at different distances and directions from Chornobyl NPP (Fig. 1).
The sampling sites within the Chornobyl exclusion zone are located at the following coor-
dinates: Dytiatky (30˚07’21.83’’E, 51˚07’13.37’’N), Paryshiv (51˚17’57.54’’E, 30˚18’17.43’’N),
Leliv (30˚09’36.63’’E, 51˚19’19.74’’N).
The sampling was carried out during 3 years between 2013 and 2015.
The size of the sampling sites is approximately 10 m by 10 m. The soil at the sampling sites
belong to the sod-podzolic type. The Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) prevails among the wood
vegetation on the territory of the studied sampling sites.
Sampling of organs of P. sylvestris. Samples were taken once every two weeks.
The objects of research were one- and two-year needles and branches of P. sylvestris.
P. sylvestris was used as the main research object for several reasons:
this species is the predominant species of the forested areas on the territory of the Chorno-
byl exclusion zone — 91565.0 hectares (pine forests occupy almost 60 % of the forested area) [8];
sampling of photosynthesis’ organs of this plant species is available throughout the year;
the ability to carry out the simultaneous sampling of needles and branches of different ages.
94 ISSN 1025-6415. Dopov. Nac. akad. nauk Ukr. 2022. № 2
N.Ye. Zarubina
To study the dynamics of the 137Cs content, samples of branches with needles were taken us-
ing a pruner without felling a tree. Each sampling was taken from 7 out of the specified 15 model
trees. The sample consisted of 15 annual and 15 two-year-old branches with needles.
Under laboratory conditions, the needles were separated from the branches, and the resulting
4 samples (one- and two-year-old needles and branches) were dried separately at room tempera-
ture for 1-1.5 months.
The obtained samples after the drying were ground using a laboratory mill and placed in dis-
posable calibrated plastic dishes for the following gamma-spectrometric studies [9].
Radiometry. 137Cs specific activity measurements were performed employing a CANBERRA gam-
ma-spectrometric unit based on the coaxial high-purity HPGe semiconductor detector, model GC6020.
The detection unit was covered with 100-mm lead protection allowing effective measure-
ments of samples with comparatively low radionuclide specific activity.
The measurement time was from 600 to 14,400 seconds depending on the specific activity of
radionuclides. The measurement errors of this series of samples did not exceed 10 % and, as a rule,
were within the limits of 3-5 % of the radionuclide activity.
When carrying on the research of the content of radiocaesium (137Cs with a half-life of about
30 years in this work) in the same object, it is necessary to exclude the influence of the physical
decay of this element in it. The recalculation of the results was carried out on the “zero” date of
the event (for 1986/04/26) according to the formula of radioactive decay. The data obtained in
this way excluded the influence of that part of the radionuclide that had decayed on the date of
each specific sampling. In the study, the values of 137Cs activity concentrations in different organs
of P. sylvestris are shown, being recalculated using the radioactive decay formula.
In this article, the 137Cs specific activity in samples (dry weight) is given in Bq/kg.
Fig. 1. The sampling sites within the Chornobyl exclusion zone: 1 — Leliv; 2 — Paryshiv; 3 — Dytiatky
95ISSN 1025-6415. Допов. Нац. акад. наук Укр. 2022. № 2
137Cs circulation in forest ecosystems on the territory of the Chornobyl exclusion zone (Plant)
Results and discussion. As a result of the studies, it was found that the content of 137Cs in
annual needles is, on average, higher than in other studied organs of P. sylvestris at all sampling
sites. The lowest levels of specific activity of 137Cs are characteristic of 2-year-old branches. An
exception is the Paryshiv sampling site, where the content of 137Cs in this organ is slightly higher
than in 2-year-old needles (Table 1).
Needles and branches show seasonal changes in 137Cs specific activity levels, unlike soil
(Fig. 2-4). The maximum content of this radionuclide is typical of annual needles and branches from
the beginning of the growing season (from May till autumn). By the end of the growing season, the
concentration of 137Cs in young needles and branches in some years decreases by almost an order of
magnitude smaller. Increases in the levels of specific activity of 137Cs during the season of vegetation
in needles and branches are observed during the second year of their lives, which correlate well with
similar changes in the content of this radionuclide in annual needles and branches (Table 2).
An increase in the levels of the specific activity of 137Cs is observed with the onset of the in-
tensive growth of young needles and branches. During this period, the plant requires significantly
larger amounts of nutrients and water. Additional amounts of radionuclide may come with water,
which leads to an increase in the content of 137Cs in growing needles and branches. The pine is an
obligate mycotroph. Probably, the indicated additional intake of 137Cs into the plant during the
period of intensive growth of young branches and needles is associated not only with its intake
in the dissolved form with water, but is also the result of the existing symbiosis: an additional
amount of 137Cs can come from the long-term depot of this radionuclide — mushroom mycelium
at the high pumping of water through the Gartig network into the root system of the plant and
further into the growing organs.
The annual decrease in the 137Cs content in all the studied organs of P. sylvestris by autumn may
indicate the existence of the circulation of this radionuclide in forest ecosystems in the soil–plant
chain. Thus, 137Cs enters into the soil not only with litter, but also its outflow from living plant tis-
sues can occur. The literature indicates that potassium constantly circulates in plants [9]. It can be
assumed that cesium, being a chemical analog of potassium, can also constantly circulate in the plant.
Peaks and drops in the specific activity of 137Cs in different organs of P. sylvestris, not related
in time to the growing season, can be caused by short-term changes in weather conditions. The
latter can cause the drying out or moistening of the forest litter, which is reflected in changes in
the number of soil microflora and active mycelium of fungi, as well as in the intensity of their vital
Table 1. Average contents of 137Cs
in various organs of P. sylvestris
on the territory of sampling sites
from 2013 till 2015, Bq/kg dry weight
Organ Leliv Paryshiv Dytiatky
1st needles 811 ± 587 194 ± 160 1292 ± 582
1st branches 531 ± 418 142 ± 103 871 ± 580
2nd needles 280 ± 184 75 ± 49 464 ± 190
2nd branches 258 ± 142 80 ± 41 374 ± 165
Table 2. Spearman correlation coefficients
between the contents of 137Cs in different organs
of P. sylvetsris on the territory of sampling sites
Organ Leliv Paryshiv Dytiatky
1st needles – 1st branches 0.888 0.852 0.828
1st needles – 2nd needles 0.821 0.661 0.762
1st needles – 2nd branches 0.807 0.665 0.653
1st branches – 2nd needles 0.736 0.642 0.620
1st branches – 2nd branches 0.782 0.777 0.705
2nd needles – 2nd branches 0.847 0.681 0.680
96 ISSN 1025-6415. Dopov. Nac. akad. nauk Ukr. 2022. № 2
N.Ye. Zarubina
Fig. 2. Specific activity of 137Cs in different organs of P. sylvestris, sampling site Leliv, Bq/kg dry weight
Fig. 3. Specific activity of 137Cs in different organs of P. sylvestris, sampling site Paryshiv, Bq/kg dry weight
Fig. 4. Specific activity of 137Cs in different organs of P. sylvestris, sampling site Dytiatky, Bq/kg dry weight
97ISSN 1025-6415. Допов. Нац. акад. наук Укр. 2022. № 2
137Cs circulation in forest ecosystems on the territory of the Chornobyl exclusion zone (Plant)
activity. This, in turn, can lead to abrupt changes in the value of the specific activity of 137Cs in
various organs of the Scots pine [10].
As a result of the executed studies, an abnormally high content of 137Cs in the pine needles
and branches at the Dytiatky sampling site was detected (see Fig. 4 and Table 1). The relatively
low content of this radionuclide in the soil of this sampling site cannot be the cause for the no-
ticed phenomenon [11]. The specific activity of 137Cs in the pine organs at this sampling site is
approximately 1.5 times higher than at the Leliv sampling site (10-km zone) and 2 times higher
than at the Paryshiv sampling site. The high content of 137Cs in the needles and branches may be
due to the structural features of the forest litter at this sampling site. The thickness of the litter at
the Dytiatky sampling site differs significantly from the thickness of the litter at other sampling
sites. If, at the Leliv and Paryshiv sampling sites, the average thickness of the soil layer A0f + A0h
is 7 cm, at the Dytiatky sampling site, it is only 1.5 cm. The low volume of the litter layer contains
a smaller amount of soil biota and fungi, which are a barrier to the entry of 137Cs into the plant.
This, probably, leads to the relatively high 137Cs content in the pine needles and branches at the
Dytiatky sampling site.
Conclusions. The levels of the specific activity of 137Cs in needles and branches of P. sylvestris
vary depending on the season. This process occurs almost simultaneously for one- and two-year-
old branches and needles. The maximum values of the 137Cs content in the studied organs of P.
sylvestris are observed in summer. From the beginning of autumn till the end of the year, slight
spikes in the values of the 137Cs content are observed against the general background of low con-
centrations of this radionuclide.
Based on the data obtained, it can be argued that the 137Cs content in the needles and branch-
es of the Scots pine is not a constant value, but is subjected to seasonal changes. The redistribu-
tion of this radionuclide in forest ecosystems has a complex multidirectional character. Probably,
in forest ecosystems, there is a constant circulation of 137Cs in the soil-plant chain.
This work was financed by the STCU 5954 project.
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(Soil). Dopov. Nac. akad. nauk Ukr., No. 10, pp. 85-92. https://doi.org/10.15407/dopovidi2020.10.085
Received 18.11.2021
Н.Є. Зарубіна, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1630-7667
Інститут ядерних досліджень НАН України, Київ
E-mail: nataliia.zarubina@gmail.com, zarubina@kinr.kiev.ua
ЦИРКУЛЯЦІЯ 137Cs У ЛІСОВИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМАХ НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ
ЧОРНОБИЛЬСЬКОЇ ЗОНИ ВІДЧУЖЕННЯ (РОСЛИНА)
Досліджено сезонні зміни вмісту 137Cs у рослинах лісових екосистем на території Чорнобильської зони
відчуження. Зразки відбиралися у 2013, 2014 та 2015 рр. із періодичністю один раз на два тижні. Дослідже-
но одно- та дворічні хвоя і пагони сосни звичайної (P. sylvestris). Вміст 137Cs визначено за допомогою мето-
дів гамма-спектрометрії. У хвої та пагонах P. sylvestris максимальні концентрації цього радіонукліда від-
мічено влітку. Мінімальні значення питомої активності 137Cs у досліджених органах сосни звичайної є
характерними для осені та зими. Ймовірно, щорічні коливання вмісту цього радіонукліда в різних органах
P. sylvestris є наслідком існування постійного кругообігу 137Cs у лісових екосистемах, під час якого цей ра-
діонуклід не тільки потрапляє з ґрунту до рослини, але й виводиться з її живих тканин.
Ключові слова: 137Cs, циркуляція, Чорнобильська АЕС, рослина, лісові екосистеми.
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