Житла Рудковецького городища (за матеріалами досліджень 1972—1974 р.)

• Veröffentlicht in: Археологія і давня історія України
• Datum: 2020
• 1. Verfasser: Гуцал, А.Ф.
• Format: Artikel
• Sprache: Ukrainisch
• Veröffentlicht: Інститут археології НАН України 2020
• Schlagworte: Публікація археологічних матеріалів
• Online Zugang: https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/187332
• Назва журналу: Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
• Zitieren: Житла Рудковецького городища (за матеріалами досліджень 1972—1974 р.) / А.Ф. Гуцал // Археологія і давня історія України: Зб. наук. пр. — К.: ІА НАН України, 2020. — Вип. 3 (36). — С. 223-237. — Бібліогр.: 35 назв. — укр.

У статті йде мова про житлові споруди, відкриті на городищі чорноліської культури в с. Рудківці Новоушицького району Хмельницької області у 1972—1974 рр. Будівлі були наземними чи злегка
 заглибленими з глинобитними печами та вогнищами. При їх спорудженні використовувалися дерево, глина та каміння. У приміщеннях виявлені
 фрагменти кераміки, кістки тварин, глиняна
 обмазка, окреме дрібне каміння, яке укріплювало
 стіни. Датується пам’ятка кінцем Х — першою половиною VІІ ст. до н. е. The settlement of pre-Scythian times is located near
 the Rudkivtsi village, Novoushitsky District, Khmelnytsky
 Region. The site occupies large area on the plateau
 (about 115 hectares) which rises 150 m above the
 level of the Dniester and a steep slope (about 6 hectares)
 which departs from the plateau and descends
 rapidly to the water. The settlement has the complex
 system of artificial fortifications that protect it from
 the most vulnerable areas.
 The part of settlement that occupied the slope was
 inhabited. Here in the seventees of the previous century
 the author conducted the research by the expedition
 of the Kamyanets-Podilsky Pedagogical Institute. This
 article deals with residential objects, were discovered
 on the settlement during 1972—1974.
 Residential buildings are mostly above ground or
 slightly deepened by 0.5—1 m with clay pear-shaped or
 oval in plan furnaces and hearths. For example, dwelling
 5 was lowered into the ground by 0.7 m. Dimensions
 — 8.5 × 6.5 m. In housing had functioned an clay
 oven and three hearths. The furnace, pear-shaped in
 plan, was sunk into the mainland by about half near
 the western wall and rose 0.3 m above the general level.
 Length — 2.3 m, width — 1.4 m, and width of the
 outfall — 0.35 m. The stove had a domed ceiling, which
 had fell on the bottom and covered the entire area of
 the latter with a layer (up to 3—4 cm thick) of small
 fragments of burnt plaster. In some places, along the
 perimeter of the furnace, survived to a height of 3 cm
 sides of the arch, 4 cm thick. On both sides of the estuary
 there were stone slabs across, which strengthened
 the outfall and prevented its premature destruction.
 The 3 cm thick clay bottom was smeared on a base of
 carefully laid stone tiles. In addition to the stove, there
 were three other fires inside the house.
 The results of the excavations are important, first of
 all, because it was possible to open residential buildings
 with heating devices of satisfactory safety and
 to establish their arrangement. In the construction of
 buildings used traditional materials for the time: clay,
 wood and stone. This technology is typical for the whole
 of Transnistria and neighboring regions.
 Studies have shown that the territory of the settlement
 was very densely populated. The collected materials
 allow to determine the time of functioning of the
 monument within the end of the 10th first half of the 7th century BC.