«А дівчат амазонки привчали до зброї, коней та полювання…»

• Veröffentlicht in: Археологія і давня історія України
• Datum: 2020
• 1. Verfasser: Фіалко, О.Є.
• Format: Artikel
• Sprache: Ukrainisch
• Veröffentlicht: Інститут археології НАН України 2020
• Schlagworte: Амазонки археологічні
• Online Zugang: https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/187342
• Назва журналу: Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
• Zitieren: "А дівчат амазонки привчали до зброї, коней та полювання…" / О.Є. Фіалко // Археологія і давня історія України: Зб. наук. пр. — К.: ІА НАН України, 2020. — Вип. 3 (36). — С. 347-359. — Бібліогр.: 35 назв. — укр.

У статті розглянуто серію поховань скіфських
 дівчаток зі зброєю. Завдяки аналізу поховальних
 комплексів доводиться коректність віднесення дітей до групи амазонок. According to ancient authors Amazons treated their
 new-borns differently. They usually gave the boys to their
 fathers. At the same time, they raised the girls themselves.
 Moreover, the girls since childhood were taught martial art
 and hunting. That is, first of all they were taught archery
 and horseback riding. Based on these data, we drew attention
 to the Scythian girls’ graves with weapons.
 17 such burials of girls are known today in the area
 of European Scythia. They are fixed on the territory of
 the Steppe Dnieper Region, Crimea, Transnistria and
 Don Region.
 All children’s graves are individual except for one
 (with a teenager-servant). Only two of them were
 robbed in antiquity.
 All graves (with one exception) were excavated in the
 kurhans. An analysis of the types of burial structures
 showed that undercut graves and catacombs predominate.
 Simple pits are represented by only two cases.
 The spread of these types of graves on different regions
 coincides with the same graves of adult Amazons.
 All burials were made according to the rite of inhumation.
 The western orientation of the dead is predominant.
 In general, burial sites, rites and anthropological
 types of Amazons are identical to those recorded for
 the population of European Scythia.
 Material support is divided in three main groups:
 1) universal (meat meals with a knife and utensils);
 2) Female (spindles with spinners, earrings, necklace,
 bracelets, rings, stone dishes); 3) Male (weapons, horse
 bridles, hryvnias). The combination of the components
 of these kits has usually marked the burial of the Amazons.
 The nature of the weapon shows that it was intended
 primarily for the remote combat.
 The evidence of social stratification is, first of all, the
 size of burial structures and the composition of material
 support. According to these indicators, three social groups
 are distinguished in the Amazon girls’ environment.
 The chronological range of the burial complexes of
 girls with weapons is determined from the end of the
 5th to 3—2 centuries BC. However, the main group of
 these tombs is dated 4th century B.C.