Кам’яна індустрія стоянки Кобулеті

• Опубліковано в: : Археологія і давня історія України
• Дата: 2020
• Автори: Манько, В.О., Чхатарашвілі, Г.Л.
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Українська
• Опубліковано: Інститут археології НАН України 2020
• Теми: Статті
• Онлайн доступ: https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/187377
• Назва журналу: Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
• Цитувати: Кам’яна індустрія стоянки Кобулеті / В.О. Манько, Г.Л. Чхатарашвілі // Археологія і давня історія України: Зб. наук. пр. — К.: ІА НАН України, 2020. — Вип. 4 (37). — С. 94-106. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — укр.

У статті розглянуто матеріали з кременю та
 обсидіану з багатошарової ранньоголоценової стоянки Кобулеті. Розкопки стоянки були поновлені у
 2019 р. Дослідження призвели до відкриття ділянки зі складною стратиграфією, на якій вдалося дослідити три однокультурних шари доби раннього голоцену. Основними характеристиками отриманих комплексів було використання відтискної техніки для отримання пластинчастих заготовок. Отримані пластинчаті заготовки використовувалися для виготовлення вкладнів мисливського
 озброєння. Культура Кобулеті, що існувала протягом раннього голоцену, стала основою для формування низки неолітичних культур Закавказзя та Східної Європи. The Kobuleti site is located on the territory of the
 Kobuleti village in Adjara (Georgia). The site was discovered
 on the cape of the left bank of the Kintrishi
 River. The cape formed by two ravines occupied the
 area ca. 50 × 50 m, towering 16—25 m above the river
 level. The site height above the sea level is 60 m. The
 cape is composed of basalt rocks, only its upper part is
 associated with sediments of a pack of paleosoils.
 Geographically the site is connected with the Colchis
 Plain which occupies the part of coastal territory.
 The Kintrishi River flows along the southern part of
 the plain at the very border with the foothills. Currently
 the Colchis Plain is associated with a subtropical climate
 zone but this does not mean that the climate was
 the same at the beginning of the Holocene when the
 site was abandoned. At the beginning of the Holocene
 the territory of Western Georgia had a rather temperate
 climate where coniferous species of trees including
 fir, spruce, and pine were widespread.
 The inhabitants of the site, therefore, chose a strategically
 important place for settlement, only 20 km from
 the sea coast, on the banks of the river flowing into the
 Black Sea, on the border of two landscape zones of the
 plain and foothills.
 In total, 1529 artifacts have been found, including
 911 made of flint and 618 made of obsidian.
 The technique of blanks removal is focused on obtaining
 blades and microblades by manual pressing
 method. Findings of round tablets are also associated
 with the same cores, with the negatives of removing
 flakes to correct the working platform.
 In general, we can say that flint knapping occurred
 mainly outside the site. This is evidenced by the ratio
 of blades and flakes. There are almost three times
 more blades than flakes. This circumstance suggests
 that the site was visited sporadically, that the base
 camp of visitors was situated in a different place.
 The complex has 257 tools. The most numerous are
 retouching blades, bladelets, and microblades and their
 segments. Mostly, such products have a small semiflat
 retouch along the edges, but there are also products
 with alternative retouching. There are blades with
 notches. Marked products with single wide notches
 and products with 2—3 edge notches.
 Burins also are represented in a large series. Burins
 show a great typological diversity. There are burins on
 truncated facetted blades, including bilateral burins.
 There are many angle burins on broken blades. Often,
 such blades are double. There is a symmetrical dihedral
 burin. All of the listed burins are made on blades.
 All transverse and dihedral angle burins are made on
 flakes. There is one combined tool: burin on truncated
 facetted blade — the endscraper.
 Scrapers are very few in comparison with burins.
 All of them are made on flakes, they are the endscrapers.
 There is a series of chisels on massive segments of
 blades and on flakes. Probably, some retouched flakes
 were used as scrapers and chisels.
 Truncated facetted blades are found, including oblique
 truncated facetted blades and oblique truncated
 facetted blade with a negative of microburins spall. A
 fairly representative complex associated with hunting
 weapons. This is a series of bladelets and microblades
 with abrupt retouch.
 In general, the typology of the assemblage indicates
 that the site was used as temporary hunting camp
 where a minimal number of production activities were
 carried out.