Археологізовані сліди орних знарядь на території стародавнього Чернігова

• Published in: Археологія і давня історія України
• Date: 2021
• Main Author: Черненко, О.Є.
• Format: Article
• Language: Ukrainian
• Published: Інститут археології НАН України 2021
• Subjects: Статті
• Online Access: https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/187435
• Journal Title: Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
• Cite this: Археологізовані сліди орних знарядь на території стародавнього Чернігова / О.Є. Черненко // Археологія і давня історія України: Зб. наук. пр. — К.: ІА НАН України, 2021. — Вип. 1 (38). — С. 33-43. — Бібліогр.: 34 назв. — укр.

Стаття присвячена розгляду залишків оранки, виявлених під час археологічних досліджень
 Чернігова (територія фортеці-дитинця та т. зв.
 Окольного граду) у 1986, 2005—2006 і 2010 рр.;
 обґрунтовується її датування часом не раніше
 Х ст. та висловлюються припущення щодо типів
 використаних орних знарядь. Evidence of ancient plowing systems known in
 Scandinavia, Denmark, Italy and Poland was found in
 North-western Rus on the Rurik hill-fort and Novgorod.
 Almost always they were dated to the 9th—10th century.
 Evidence of several arable area, dated by the ceramics of
 Romny culture to the 9th—10th century, was occurred on
 the left bank of the Dnieper: in Prorva, near Trubchevsk
 (Bryansk region, Russian Federation) and Avtunichi in
 the Chernihiv region. A ploughed area in the northern
 part of the Chernihiv hill fort was recorded by V. Kovalenko
 in 1986. Similar traces were recorded by the author
 in 2005—2006 on the neighboring site at the area of
 more than 1,500 m2. The plough line were visible in the
 virgin soil as long (up to 10 m) rather narrow (from 2 to
 10 cm) and deep (5—10 cm) furrows of triangular crosssection.
 They were filled by the light grey sandy loam
 with charcoal inclusions. The furrows overlapped each
 other perpendicularly forming the dense mesh. Individual
 double furrows with an internal distance of about 20
 cm were also recorded. They are evidence of use of the
 double plough with narrow sub-triangular points. Judging
 by the location of the furrows the crosswise ploughing
 of the field was repeatedly carried out over several
 years. The horizon above ploughing was dated to the
 10th century. This dating was based first of all on the
 finds of rough thick-walled Rus ceramic vessels with a
 slightly turned, flaring, flat rims, in combination with
 single fragments of handmade Romny culture ceramics
 and a slate spindle whorl. The presence of the plowing
 system directly before the appearance of settlement also
 challenges the frequently expressed opinion that earlier
 layers of the of the Chernihiv hill fort were completely
 destroyed by later activity. Had that been the case, the
 furrows would not have survived either.