Мікротопографія язичницького могильника Х ст. під садибою Десятинної церкви в Києві

• Published in: Археологія і давня історія України
• Date: 2021
• ISSN: 2227-4952
• Main Author: Козюба, В.К.
• Format: Article
• Language: Ukrainian
• Published: Інститут археології НАН України 2021
• Subjects: Танатологія
• Online Access: https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/187453
• Journal Title: Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
• Cite this: Мікротопографія язичницького могильника Х ст. під садибою Десятинної церкви в Києві / В.К. Козюба // Археологія і давня історія України: Зб. наук. пр. — К.: ІА НАН України, 2021. — Вип. 1 (38). — С. 209-228. — Бібліогр.: 20 назв. — укр.

Статтю присвячено розгляду мікротопографії
 могильника Х ст. на місці садиби пізнішої Десятинної церкви. Проаналізовані результати досліджень ХХ — початку ХХ І ст. дозволили з’ясувати місця розташування і розміри кількох курганних насипів, простежити зв’язок між інгумаціями і
 горілими плямами над ними в складі поховальних комплексів. The paper considers the issue of microtopography of
 the 10th century pagan burial ground under the later
 Desyatynna Church courtyard. At least 75 inhumation
 burials of the pagan period have been discovered here
 to the present. Also, several sections of barrow ditches
 belonging to 7 barrows were discovered during excavations
 in 2005—2011. These ditches made it possible
 to determine the approximate diameter of the ancient
 mounds, which ranged from 3.5 to 12 m.
 Analysis of the results of the burial ground evcavations
 of the 20th — early 21st century provided examples
 of a combination of inhumation pit graves with
 charcoal spots and soil layers of mounds above them in
 single burial complex.
 Sections of cultural layer belonging the object of
 the size of 14 × 6 m over, studied in the central dome
 square of the church of the late 10th century on an area
 of 9 m². Four cultural horizons containing embers, ashes,
 animal bones (with traces of fire and without it),
 fragments of pots of the 10th century, and individual
 objects, were discovered here. These layers alternated
 with soil additions 0.2—0.4 m thick. According to the
 location, construction, features of filling, this object can
 be considered as a ritual site that served the cemetery
 during funeral and post funeral rites.
 Microtopographic and stratigraphic observations allow
 us to assume the event of re-planning of part of
 the pagan burial ground in front of the Starokyivske
 hillfort fortification ditch.
 The ditch was deepened and widened up to 6 m during
 the modernization of the fortifications of the hillfort,
 which happened probably after the Pechenegs’ attack on
 Kyiv in 968. As a result, the mounds of barrows which
 were the closest to the ditch were desroyed, and the entire
 site was leveled and turned into an wide esplanade.
 New ordinary graves without mounds appeared here
 again at the final stage of the burial ground’s existence,
 in the 970—990 AD. The construction of the Desyatynna
 Church in 989 (991) put an end to the functioning of
 the pagan cemetery in this area and totally destroyed
 its outward signs.