Поховання у сидячому положенні на території Південної Русі

• Published in: Археологія і давня історія України
• Date: 2021
• Main Author: Бібіков, Д.В.
• Format: Article
• Language: Ukrainian
• Published: Інститут археології НАН України 2021
• Subjects: Танатологія
• Online Access: https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/187454
• Journal Title: Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
• Cite this: Поховання у сидячому положенні на території Південної Русі / Д.В. Бібіков // Археологія і давня історія України: Зб. наук. пр. — К.: ІА НАН України, 2021. — Вип. 1 (38). — С. 229-241. — Бібліогр.: 57 назв. — укр.

Стаття присвячена південноруським похованням Х—ХІ ст., здійсненим у сидячому положенні.
 Аналіз їх речового набору та обрядових рис дозволяє
 простежити шляхи трансформації цього звичаю,
 а також — зміну соціального та етнічного складу похованих. The article is devoted to the burials of the X—XI centuries,
 where the deceased were found in a sitting position.
 Despite the fact that this custom itself is undoubtedly
 of Norman origin, the issue of ethnic and social attribution
 of most complexes from the territory of Southern
 Rus’ has not received appropriate attention among the
 researchers. Information was collected on 17 Southern
 Rus’ burials, which, according to some researchers, were
 carried out in a sitting position. However, it is not always
 possible to establish the posture of the deceased
 with complete confidence. The basic variants of mutual
 arrangement of bone remains are allocated and on their
 basis the most widespread ways of giving to a body a sitting
 position are reconstructed.
 Both by the social composition of the buried and
 chronologically, the burial complexes can be divided
 into two separate groups. The first group includes rich
 burials in chamber tombs. All of them are dated by the
 X century and are located in the necropolises of Kyiv
 and Shestovytsia, two points of the highest concentration
 of the Scandinavian ethnic component in Southern
 Rus’. A wide range of objects of Scandinavian origin
 was found in the toms, there are burials with weapons,
 slaves and horses killed. Undoubtedly, the dead belonged
 to the military-trade elite. In combination with
 chamber tombs, a sitting posture can be an indicator of
 the Scandinavian origin of the dead.
 Sedentary burials of the second group are located in
 the peripheral areas of the Southern Rus’ and belong to
 the Christian era (approximately — the end of the X—
 XI centuries). Burials are carried out at the level of the
 day surface, are marked by rather «poor» inventory and,
 as a rule, do not have burial structures. They can be associated
 with the ordinary Slavic population and its efforts
 to recreate certain prestigious features of the funeral
 rites of the previous period. Probably, the sedentary position
 symbolized a dominant status in society, and in the
 funeral rite carried only a social, not a religious stress.