Донецький гірничо-металургійний центр і виробничі центри східноєвропейського степу доби бронзи: порівняльний аналіз виробничої діяльності

• Опубліковано в: : Археологія і давня історія України
• Дата: 2021
• Автор: Бровендер, Ю.М.
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Українська
• Опубліковано: Інститут археології НАН України 2021
• Теми: Статті
• Онлайн доступ: https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/187487
• Назва журналу: Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
• Цитувати: Донецький гірничо-металургійний центр і виробничі центри східноєвропейського степу доби бронзи: порівняльний аналіз виробничої діяльності / Ю.М. Бровендер // Археологія і давня історія України: Зб. наук. пр. — К.: ІА НАН України, 2021. — Вип. 2 (39). — С. 109-118. — Бібліогр.: 66 назв. — укр.

У статті на основі порівняльного аналізу джерел, що походять з гірничо-металургійних центрів епохи пізньої бронзи східноєвропейського степу, досліджених розкопками, визначається загальне і
 особливе в виробничій діяльності Донецького центру, активне функціонування якого пов’язується з
 носіями зрубної спільноти в її бережнівсько-маївській культурній традиції. Large-scale works have been carried out at the beginning
 of this century on the background of the set of
 Bronze Age monuments in the zone of Kartamysh copper
 ore occurrence in the Bakhmut basin of Donbass.
 Taking into account some previously researched monuments
 of mining and metallurgical activities within other
 ore occurrences of the Donetsk ridge, those works enable
 to compare the monuments of the Donetsk Mining
 and Metallurgical Center (DMMC) with other specialized
 monuments of Srubnaya cultural community in the
 copper ore territories of the Eastern European steppe.
 The monuments of Kartamysh archaeological microdistrict,
 as well as the other monuments of the Donetsk
 mining and metallurgical center, located in the zone of
 copper ore occurrences in the Bakhmut basin of Donbass,
 give evidences of all the cycles of ancient metal
 production. The majority of them are the evidence of
 the mining and ore-dressing cycle. Thus, the considerable
 volumes of mined and dressed ore, found in Kartamysh,
 as well as in other ore occurrences of the Bakhmut
 basin, currently suggest that the monuments
 in the ore territory of Donbass mainly operate within
 mining system. Similar specialization is observed in
 other mining and metallurgical areas in Eastern Europe,
 such as Mikhailo-Ovsyanka (Povolzhye) and
 Kargaly (South Ural). A feature of the DMMC is far
 lesser intensity of metallurgy and metalworking in its
 cultural frames. Limited range of DMMC monuments
 indicate that the production of metal products was focused
 only on domestic consumption.
 Fracturing of the Donbass bedrock, in contrast to the
 monolithic bedrock of Povolzhye, and especially to the
 Southern Urals, facilitated the effective use of stone
 tools in the process of mining. In the MMC, operating
 within the eastern production zone of the Srubnaya cultural
 community (Mikhailo-Ovsyanka, Kargaly), miners
 and metallurgists had to develop metallurgy more
 actively, since the features of geology in these regions
 required the use of metal tools to extract copper ores.
 Obviously, this circumstance explains a large number
 of end fragments of metal pickaxes found at Kargaly,
 as well as casting molds for casting these tools.
 The functioning of the full-scale cycle of ancient
 metal production and even visually recorded scale of
 ancient mining activity in the zone of copper ore occurrences
 of the Bakhmut basin gives reasons to assert the
 existence of mining and metallurgical center focused
 on large-scale production in the Donetsk Ridge in the
 Bronze Age. The main products of the DMMC were not
 metal items or even ingots, as it had been considered
 previously, but enriched copper ore (concentrate) as
 raw material for metallurgical production.
 Enriched ore was the commodity to be exchanged
 by the miners and metallurgists of the Donetsk center.
 It could be possibly done via professional traders with
 neighboring and distant tribes, and was exchanged for
 livestock and agriculture products, as well as for various
 household items.
 The analysis, carried out in the paper, proves that
 other mining and metallurgical complexes of the Eastern
 European steppe (Kargaly, Mikhailo-Ovsyanka),
 which had been previously explored, also operated at
 the same time and in similar to the DMMC production
 system.