Могили скіфських амазонок: типологія та конструктивні особливості

• Опубліковано в: : Археологія і давня історія України
• Дата: 2021
• Автор: Фіалко, О.Є.
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Українська
• Опубліковано: Інститут археології НАН України 2021
• Теми: Статті
• Онлайн доступ: https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/187489
• Назва журналу: Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
• Цитувати: Могили скіфських амазонок: типологія та конструктивні особливості / О.Є. Фіалко // Археологія і давня історія України: Зб. наук. пр. — К.: ІА НАН України, 2021. — Вип. 2 (39). — С. 138-156. — Бібліогр.: 32 назв. — укр.

У статті розглянуто поховання войовниць п’ятьох
 регіональних груп Європейської Скіфії. Репрезентовано могили 11 типів з варіантами. Проаналізовано характер конструктивних елементів
 поховальних споруд. Types of burial structures are one of the most reliable
 ethno-differentiating criterion. They are commonly
 due to local natural and economic factors that were
 accepted by the newcomer population along with main
 characteristics of their own ritual.
 As for the shape, the graves of Scythian warriors are
 arbitrarily divided into 11 types with options, which in
 general make up three main groups: simple pits and
 more intricate variable chamber constructions such as
 undercut and catacombs.
 303 graves of women with weapons from 267 barrows
 are known in the territory of European Scythia.
 More than half of them (55 %) have not been looted. By
 territorial principle they can be divided into five main
 groups: 1) Lower Dnipro steppe (or Steppe); 2) Crimea
 Foothills; 3) Danube-Dnister steppes (or Transnistria);
 4) Forest Steppe Dnipro area (or Forest Steppe); 5) Don
 region (Steppe and partly Forest Steppe).
 In total, among graves of the Amazons of European
 Scythia the undercut (alcove) graves are the most represented
 — 104, inferior to them are catacombs — 99
 and pit graves — 80, undefined — 20. However, the indicators
 for some groups differ significantly.
 We can mention the following design features of the
 graves: ground steps and hollow in the bottom of entrance
 pit, separation of entrance to dromos or chamber
 etc.
 Some specific features are also present in the arrangement
 of internal space of the graves (nishes, wall
 and ceiling design, floor decoration, arrangement of a
 funeral bed etc.).
 So, burial complexes of the female warriors correspond
 to Scythian regulations, that is, the design of
 ground and underground elements does not stand out
 in the burial ground. Here, we are dealing only with
 regional features typical for community members who
 lived there.