Тесла-долота трипільської культури з Наддніпров’я

• Veröffentlicht in: Археологія і давня історія України
• Datum: 2021
• 1. Verfasser: Гошко, Т.Ю.
• Format: Artikel
• Sprache: Ukrainisch
• Veröffentlicht: Інститут археології НАН України 2021
• Schlagworte: Світ Кукутень-Трипілля
• Online Zugang: https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/187494
• Назва журналу: Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
• Zitieren: Тесла-долота трипільської культури з Наддніпров’я / Т.Ю. Гошко // Археологія і давня історія України: Зб. наук. пр. — К.: ІА НАН України, 2021. — Вип. 2 (39). — С. 222-225. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — укр.

Стаття присвячена дослідженню колекції мідних тесел-долот, знайдених на поселеннях трипільської культури етапів ВІ—ВІІ і СІ, що зберігаються у Національному музеї історії України. Copper flat axes of the Szákalhát type are a fairly common
 type of tools in the contemporary withstages Trypillia
 BI—II, CI cultures of Central Europe. These tools are
 characterized by asymmetry of the profile — one curved
 side and a flat other. The collection of Trypillia metal of
 the National Museum of History of Ukraine contains five
 Szákalhát-type products from the excavations of V. Khvoyka.
 Due to the attribution, it was established that
 they originated from the settlements of Trypillia and Veremya
 (the last quarter of 5th millennium BC), Khalepya
 and Chernyakhiv (first half of 4st millennium BC). Flat
 axes from Trypillia, Veremia and Chernyakhiv belongs
 to the Szákalhát type, Városlőd variant. The axe-chisel
 from Halepya has no analogies.
 Remains of seams on the side surfaces are often
 shifted to a flat surface. indicating casting in a twosided
 form, one of the sash of which had a deeper negative
 than the other. Regarding the type of mold for
 casting flat axes from Trypillia, some questions arose.
 The presence of dents on its curved surface, which have
 been cast from a mold, may indicate the use of a model
 made of either wax or fired clay. Only in such a way
 could similar marks appear on the surface of the casting.
 It is concluded that the flat axel from Trypillia may
 have been cast according to the wax model. This technology
 has been known since the time of Varna Culture
 (5th millennium BC). But we do not know yet whether it
 was known to Trypillia population.
 The tools are cast from copper, which contains minor
 impurities of other metals (from tenths to thousandths
 parts of a percent). This corresponds to the results of spectral
 analysis of the similar products from Central Europe.
 The blade part was formed using forging: it has expanded
 sideways, the blade was given a more rounded
 shape. Sometimes the blade part was formed by the
 sediment of the cutting edge (Trypillia). The technology
 of casting flat axes blanks from the Middle Dniprо,
 followed by blacksmithing, does not differ from the
 Central European ones and is typical for the period of
 existence of these tools throughout their distribution.
 Smaller sizes and new original shapes, inherent only
 in the Dniprо products, indicate their local production.