Згасаюча традиція: про одну групу навершь ранньоскіфського часу

• Veröffentlicht in: Археологія і давня історія України
• Datum: 2022
• 1. Verfasser: Фрунт, О.С.
• Format: Artikel
• Sprache: Ukrainisch
• Veröffentlicht: Інститут археології НАН України 2022
• Schlagworte: Статті
• Online Zugang: https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/187578
• Назва журналу: Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
• Zitieren: Згасаюча традиція: про одну групу навершь ранньоскіфського часу / О.С. Фрунт // Археологія і давня історія України: Зб. наук. пр. — К.: ІА НАН України, 2022. — Вип. 1 (42). — С. 93-104. — Бібліогр.: 27 назв. — укр.

З початку ХХ ст. дослідники звертали увагу на
 специфічну серію навершь скіфського часу з пласкими зображеннями птахів на циліндричних втулках. Аналіз археологічного контексту показав, що ці знахідки пов’язані з ритуальними комплексами.
 Стилістичні особливості і відмінна від ранніх типів навершь конструкція є відображенням нових
 тенденцій в культурі кочовиків півдня Східної Європи у другій—третій чвертях VI ст. до н. е. Since the beginning of the 20th century, researchers
 have paid attention to a series of the Scythian poletops
 with flat images of birds. These findings are one of
 the indicators of the assemblages of the second—third
 quarter of the 6th century BC.
 At the moment, there are 4 sites in Central and
 Eastern Europe with finds of pole-tops from this series.
 These are Ulskii, barrow 2 (1909) and barrow 10 (1982)
 in the Kuban region, Răscăieţii Noi, barrow 1 in the
 Lower Dniester region and Zashchita, barrow 1 in the
 Dnieper Forest-Steppe.
 Pole-tops with a flat reduced image of bird heads are
 found in the Kuban sites, which can be considered as
 ritual places or shrines. Zashchita, barrow 1 can probably
 also be considered as a ritual place. There were no
 burial pits in such mounds. Under the burial mounds
 there were wooden structures with tent-shaped roofs
 or wooden canopy, but there were no human burials.
 Excavations of recent decades have revealed that a
 pair of pole-tops were part of a wooden altar and were
 located at the entrance to the ritual place.
 Probably, such pole-tops, like other sacred objects
 and details of the horse bridle, were ordered in one of
 the workshops in the Transcaucasus, where the art was
 formed under the influence of Lydian tradition of jewelry
 and toreutics. This can explain the fact that the finds differ
 from the early group of the pole-tops with rattles and
 three-dimensional figures of animals. The finds from Ulskii,
 barrow 2 (1909) and barrow 10 (1982) dated based
 on a horse bridle to the middle of the 6th century BC.
 The artifacts from Zashchita, barrow 1 and Răscăieţii
 Noi barrow appear to be replicas. They can be dated to
 the second half of the 6th century BC.
 Thus, the series of tops with flat reduced images of
 birds of prey was formed in the Kuban region and, apparently,
 as a result of the contacts of local elites with
 the Transcaucasus and the influence of Lydian jewelry
 art and toreutics. The archaeological context of the finds
 proves their use outside the funeral rite but at the same
 time expresses a connection with the idea of sacrifice
 and sacralization of space. These objects mark the final
 stage of their use in the ritual of the Early Scythian
 Age. From the last quarter of the 6th century BC poletops
 as a cultural phenomenon also disappeared in the
 5th century BC. Future research will have to show why
 the tradition of using these ritual attributes faded out
 and was “reinstated’ in the 4th century BC. In conclusion,
 it should be noted that the results allow us to make
 changes in the classification of the pole-tops.