Попередні дані про ливарницьку справу мешканців городища Ширяєве

• Published in: Археологія і давня історія України
• Date: 2022
• ISSN: 2227-4952
• Main Author: Каравайко, Д.В.
• Format: Article
• Language: Ukrainian
• Published: Інститут археології НАН України 2022
• Subjects: Археологія і природничі науки
• Online Access: https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/187584
• Journal Title: Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
• Cite this: Попередні дані про ливарницьку справу мешканців городища Ширяєве / Д.В. Каравайко // Археологія і давня історія України: Зб. наук. пр. — К.: ІА НАН України, 2022. — Вип. 1 (42). — С. 155-162. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — укр.

У статті зроблено спробу систематизувати всі
 наявні дані щодо ливарницької справи на городищі
 скіфського часу Ширяєве в Путивльському Посейм’ї.
 Розглянуто предмети імпорту, знаряддя праці ливарника та його матеріали. Подано результати елементного аналізу оплавлених зразків із залишками металу та кольорових металів — виплесків. Зроблено попередній висновок щодо можливості виплавки
 міді із збагаченої руди місцевим населенням. The Shyriaeve hillfort has been permanently explored
 for 5 years. Сonsidering the excavations of the
 late 1940s and 1950s, the total excavation area reaches
 556 m2. The period of existence of the fortified settlement
 covers the late 6th—4th centuries BC. As a result
 of recent work, three chronological horizons have been
 distinguished. The spectacular material is obtained
 which allows us to get closer to the characteristics of
 different aspects of life of ancient inhabitants.
 One of the least studied cases is the degree of development
 of the bronze foundry. The information available
 today allows us to describe this craft in general
 terms and draw preliminary conclusions.
 Copper and (or) bronze were imported goods. Finds
 of the fragments of amphorae, glass beads and cowrie
 shells should be included in the category of other imported
 items. Exchange links with the neighbors have
 been established but the extent of their intensity remains
 unclear.
 The consequence of activities of local craftsmen are
 the findings of clay tapholes and crucibles. Other tools,
 including chisels, are made of iron. There is no complete
 certainty about its use by artisans — foundries,
 because such things were multifunctional.
 Other finds include the bronze or copper bars which
 were commodity ingots, in the primary raw material
 for smelting various products. Craftsmen also used
 colored scrap metal in the form of various plates and
 fragments of objects.
 Indisputable evidence of local production is its remnants
 in the form of splashes. The conducted analyzes
 with care allow to assume smelting of copper from ore
 directly within the settlement.
 The ways of getting copper ore (bronze) and a
 number of other things to the Shyriaeve hillfort have
 not been clarified yet. It is possible to assume that
 the main importer was the hillfort of Basivka — the
 central point of the Sula river basin. To date there is
 little material for a full analysis of the foundry of the
 residents of the Shyriaeve hillfort. Its study has just
 begun.