Фортеці Великого князівства Литовського на теренах Київської землі (з історії вивчення)

• Published in: Археологія і давня історія України
• Date: 2022
• Main Author: Біляєва, С.О.
• Format: Article
• Language: Ukrainian
• Published: Інститут археології НАН України 2022
• Subjects: Статті
• Online Access: https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/187627
• Journal Title: Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
• Cite this: Фортеці Великого князівства Литовського на теренах Київської землі (з історії вивчення) / С.О. Біляєва // Археологія і давня історія України: Зб. наук. пр. — К.: ІА НАН України, 2022. — Вип. 2 (43). — С. 99-110. — Бібліогр.: 49 назв. — укр.

Статтю присвячено питанням історії вивчення фортець Великого князівства Литовського на
 теренах Київській землі за писемними та археологічними джерелами. Запропонований порівняльний
 аналіз та типологія фортець, намічені завдання подальших досліджень. The study of fortresses on the territory of the Kyiv
 area in the Lithuanian period is one of the actual tasks
 of the formation of a new look on the Ukrainian history.
 As it is known it was the stage of the castell tower system
 of fortification, taking not only defense, but social
 and political, economic position, status of administrative
 centers and places of living of the social elite.
 In the course of the Lithuanian period, the following stages
 of the development of system of castell constructing are
 fixed: At the end of 14th — at the beginning of 15th century
 the castell tower system of fortification had been formed;
 On the second stage at the middle of 15th — in the second
 half of 16th century — the period of adaptation of the
 castell tower system to the artillery and the appearance
 of the system of basteja.
 In the Kyiv area two types of fortress constructing
 were fixed. The North and central parts of the area: the
 continuation of Old Rus traditions of the fortification on
 the base of wooden and earth constructions with two or
 three flour wooden towers. The transmission to the arm
 stage on the base of artillery took place. Planning structure:
 triangle and rectangular forms.
 On the South — the transition to the stone tower system,
 fortificated with wooden-earth constructions and
 stone counterforts, two or three flour towers, distribution
 of European types artillery. Planning structure: triangle
 and rectangular forms.
 For example: the Kyiv Castle which became the center
 of statehood in the time of Vladimir Olgerdovich; the system
 of castles in the rest of the territory; the creation of the
 fortification system of the South by Prince Vytautas, which
 facilitated trade in Europe from Krakow to the Black Sea
 coast and composition of the new federal state.