Heavy ion beam probing conceptual design for the Globus-M2 tokamak
The paper discusses the application of the heavy ion beam probe (HIBP) diagnostic to the Globus-M2 spherical tokamak. Probing beam trajectory calculations were conducted to find the optimal position for HIBP primary and secondary beam-linesin the realistic machine geometry. Three configurations of t...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
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| Zitieren: | Heavy ion beam probing conceptual design for the Globus-M2 tokamak / Ph.O. Khabanov, A.V. Melnikov, V.B. Minaev, O.D. Komarov // Problems of atomic science and tecnology. — 2020. — № 6. — С. 195-199. — Бібліогр.: 16 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860184295190036480 |
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| author | Khabanov, Ph.O. Melnikov, A.V. Minaev, V.B. Komarov, O.D. |
| author_facet | Khabanov, Ph.O. Melnikov, A.V. Minaev, V.B. Komarov, O.D. |
| citation_txt | Heavy ion beam probing conceptual design for the Globus-M2 tokamak / Ph.O. Khabanov, A.V. Melnikov, V.B. Minaev, O.D. Komarov // Problems of atomic science and tecnology. — 2020. — № 6. — С. 195-199. — Бібліогр.: 16 назв. — англ. |
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| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | The paper discusses the application of the heavy ion beam probe (HIBP) diagnostic to the Globus-M2 spherical tokamak. Probing beam trajectory calculations were conducted to find the optimal position for HIBP primary and secondary beam-linesin the realistic machine geometry. Three configurations of the vacuum vessel ports of Globus-M2 were considered for the regime with toroidal magnetic field Btor=0.7 T and plasma current Ipl=0.5 MA. The optimal probing scheme with the widest area of the plasma cross-section covered by the detector grid was selected. For this scheme, the secondary beam-line was proposed.
Розглянута можливість встановлення діагностики плазми пучком важких іонів на сферичний токамак Глобус-М2. Для визначення оптимального положення первинного і вторинного іонопроводів HIBP були проведені розрахунки траєкторій зондувального пучка з урахуванням реальної геометрії установки. Розглянуто три варіанти вхідних патрубків та режим з тороїдальним магнітним полем Btor=0,7 Тл та струмом плазми Ipl=0,5 MA. Обрано оптимальну схему зондування, що забезпечує максимальну площу покриття вертикального перерізу плазми детекторною сіткою, і конфігурація вторинного іонопроводу.
Рассмотрена возможность установки диагностики плазмы пучком тяжелых ионов на сферический токамак Глобус-М2. Для определения оптимального положения первичного и вторичного ионопроводов HIBP были проведены расчеты траекторий зондирующего пучка с учетом реальной геометрии установки. Рассмотрены три варианта входных патрубков и режим с тороидальным магнитным полем Btor=0,7 Тл и током плазмы Ipl=0,5 MA. Выбраны оптимальная схема зондирования, обеспечивающая максимальную площадь покрытия вертикального сечения плазмы детекторной сеткой, и конфигурация вторичного ионопровода.
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ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2020. №6(130)
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2020, № 6. Series: Plasma Physics (26), p. 195-199. 195
https://doi.org/10.46813/2020-130-195
HEAVY ION BEAM PROBING CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FOR THE
GLOBUS-M2 TOKAMAK
Ph.O. Khabanov
1
, A.V. Melnikov
1, 2
, V.B. Minaev
3
, A.D. Komarov
4
1
NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia;
2
National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Moscow, Russia;
3
Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia;
4
Institute of Plasma Physics NSC “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Kharkiv, Ukraine
E-mail:khabanov@phystech.edu
The paper discusses the application of the heavy ion beam probe (HIBP) diagnostic to the Globus-M2 spherical
tokamak. Probing beam trajectory calculations were conducted to find the optimal position for HIBP primary and
secondary beam-linesin the realistic machine geometry. Three configurations of the vacuum vessel ports of Globus-M2
were considered for the regime with toroidal magnetic field Btor=0.7 T and plasma current Ipl=0.5 MA. The optimal
probing scheme with the widest area of the plasma cross-section covered by the detector grid was selected. For this
scheme, the secondary beam-line was proposed.
PACS: 02.60.Cb, 52.70.−m, 52.55.Fa, 52.70.Nc
INTRODUCTION
Modern experimental studies of turbulent transport
in fusion devices such as tokamaks and stellarators
require advanced diagnostic techniques, which could
allow measurements of electric fields and electrostatic
turbulence properties in bulk plasmas [1]. Heavy Ion
Beam Probe (HIBP) is an advanced fusion plasma
diagnostic technique to measure local plasma
electrostatic potential and its fluctuations inside the
plasma column. The method is based on launching into
the plasma a beam of single-charged metal ions
(primary beam, Cs
+
, Tl
+
, K
+
, Na
+
) perpendicular to the
confining magnetic field of the device and collecting
doubly-charged secondary ions, which were born inside
the plasma due to electron-impact ionization of the
primary ions [2]. In addition to plasma potential, the
method allows studying local electron density
fluctuations, and if equipped with multichannel
detection system, opens a way to correlation analysis of
turbulence properties [3-5].
HIBP has been successfully implemented on many
fusion devices, both stellarators (LHD, TJ-II, CHS,
Uragan-2M) and tokamaks (TEXT, T-10, JIPPTII-U,
ISTOK). On TJ-II stellarator HIBP was successfully
used for Alfven eigen modes studies [6, 7], on T-10
tokamak it was used for studies of Geodesic Acoustic
Modes (GAM) [8], on stellarators CHS and TJ-II it was
also used for the electron density profile measurements
[9, 10].
The Globus-M2 spherical tokamak is the upgraded
Globus-M machine (major radius R=0.36 m, minor
radius a=0.24 m), which was launched in 2018 at the
Ioffe Institute in St. Petersburg, Russia. The machine
upgrade was focused on the increase of the toroidal
magnetic field Btor from 0.4 up to 1 T and plasma
current Ipl from 0.2 up to 0.5 MA [11]. For now the
working shots with Btor=0.5 T, Ipl=0.15 MA have been
obtained [12]. The Globus-M2 project is aimed at the
research of the non-inductive current drive and plasma
heating in low aspect ratio magnetic configurations. The
use of HIBP diagnostic on Globus-M2 will provide
important information on plasma electric potential and
turbulence behavior during these scenarios.
It has been shown earlier, that the HIBP diagnostic
is applicable for the Globus-M tokamak [13], but it has
never been implemented. The aim of the current paper is
the feasibility study of HIBP for the upgraded
Globus-M2 spherical tokamak.
NUMERICAL MODEL DESCRIPTION
HIBP conceptual design implies computational
research of optimal positionsfor primary and secondary
beam-lines on the fusion device. Probing ion trajectories
in the magnetic field of Globus-M2 tokamak were
calculated using the Python code, developed during
HIBP design for T-15MD tokamak[14, 15]. The
Cartesian coordinate systemwith Y-axis directed along
the major axis of the torus was used in numerical
simulations;it is shown in Fig. 1.
As a reference scenario, the so-called “t-max”
regime with toroidal magnetic field Btor=0.7 T and
plasma current Ipl=0.5 MA was chosen [16].
Fig. 1. Cartesian coordinate system used for
calculations. The center is located on the major axis of
the torus. Btor – toroidal magnetic field of a tokamak,
Ipl – plasma current
196 ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2020. №6(130)
Plasma current distribution was set in a simple
elliptic approximation with elongation k=1.8:
( ) ( ( ⁄ ) ) ⁄ (
)
(
)
,
√( ( )⁄ ),
[ ]
[ ]
[ ] [ ]
.
This simple model is good enough to quantify the
secondary beam shift in the toroidal direction due to
plasma current magnetic field.
The example of HIBP trajectory for Cs
+
probing
beam (Ebeam=40 keV) with a fan of Cs
2+
secondary ions
is shown in Fig. 2. Here and below primary trajectories
are shown in black and secondary trajectories are shown
in red. Infinitely thin trajectories were calculated for a
single ion. Two pairs of deflecting plates in the primary
beam-line control α and β angles of the primary beam:
α-plates are sweeping plates; they are used to change the
injection angle within the vertical plane, β-plates – to
compensate toroidal displacement of the beam. Sizes of
all plates are the same (0.15×0.05 m) and the distance
between the plates is 0.05 m.
Fig. 2. HIBP trajectories at the vertical cut of Globus-
M2 tokamak. Probing scheme 1 (90° input port). Beam
energy Ebeam=40 keV. Two pairs of deflecting plates
control α and β angles of the primary beam. Beam
trajectories: black – primary, red – secondary. Blue
dots represent the contour of plasma separatrix [16]
VARIOUS PROBING SCHEMES
By varying the probing beam energy, Ebeam, and the
injection angle one can shift the HIBP sample volume
(SV) across the plasma column. A set of SVs
corresponding to the fixed value of Ebeam and several
values of the injection angle forms the detector line,
while several detector lines for various Ebeam form a
detector grid, which shows the area of the plasma cross-
section accessible for HIBP measurements. The main
target for the optimization was to choose the position of
the primary and secondary beam-lines in order to
maximize the plasma cross section area covered by the
detector grid. Three Globus-M2 vacuum vessel port
combinations (pairs) were considered. Three ports, used
for the beam injection have the following angles with
the horizon: 90° (Probing scheme 1), 25° (Probing
scheme 2) and 78° (Probing scheme 3). The detection
point was placed at the exit of the horizontal port at
(x, y, z) = (0.75, 0, 0), all linear dimensions in m.
Fig. 3 shows the detector line for the probing
scheme 1 with the 40 keV Cs
+
probing beam injected
through the 90° port. The angle α of the primary beam-
line was set to 60° in order to push the detector line
deeper into the plasma, and the toroidal angle β was set
to -5° to reduce the effect of the beam toroidal
displacement due to plasma current. To get the detector
line the beam injection angle (α) was varied by
changing the voltage applied between the α-plates. The
SVs for each αangle value are marked by closed red
dots.
Fig. 3. HIBP detector line for the probing scheme 1
(90° input port), Ebeam = 40 keV. Primary beam-line
angles are α=60°, β=-5°. Top: side view, bottom:
bottom view. Red star denotes the detection point, blue
diamond denotes plasma center
It should be noted, that in this case, despite the high
value of plasma current, the toroidal displacement of the
beam is rather small and allows adjusting secondary
trajectories to the detection point using β-plates. Fig. 4
shows the detector grid, obtained for the Cs
+
beam with
Ebeam=25…50 keV injected through the 90° port. The
beam energy is shown in the legend, detector lines of
the equal energy are marked with solid lines, and
detector lines of the equal injection angle are marked
with dash lines. The voltage, applied between the
sweeping plates (α-plates), represents the injection
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2020. №6(130) 197
angle. Detector lines connect plasma periphery with the
plasma core up to R=0.35 m, which will allow to
investigate the evolution of plasma potential profile in a
much wider radial range than, for example, Langmuir
probes.
Fig. 4. Detector grid for the probing scheme 1
(90° input port). Primary beam-line angles are α=60°,
β=-5°. Solid lines are lines of the equal energy, dashed
lines are lines of the equal injection angle, represented
by the voltage, applied between the α-plates
Fig. 5 shows the detector line for Cs
+
probing beam
with Ebeam=40 keV injected through the 25° port. Fig. 6
shows the corresponding detector grid with
Ebeam= 25…50 keV. In this case, the toroidal shift is
larger, so the angle β is set to -10°. Fig. 5 shows that the
detector line lies deep in the plasma core, passing from
the high field side (HFS) to the low field side (LFS)
through the plasma center. On the one hand, such
probing scheme allows studying plasma potential and
turbulence in the deep core and comparing fluctuations
behavior at the LFS and HFS. On the other hand, the
long path of primary trajectories in the plasma in
combination with high plasma density (ne=0.7 10
20
m
-3
in
Globus-M2 [11]) means very strong beam attenuation
leading to low signal-to-noise ratio. Fig. 6 also shows
that the area of the plasma cross-section covered by the
detector grid is rather small compared to the injection
through the 90° port.
Fig. 7 shows the detector line for Cs
+
probing beam
with Ebeam= 40 keV injected through the 78° port. Fig. 8
shows the corresponding detector grid with
Ebeam= 20….45 keV. In a similar way to the case with
the 90° port, the angle α of the primary beam-line was
set to 45° in order to push detector lines deeper into the
plasma, and the angle β was set to -5°. Fig. 7 shows the
detector line for Cs
+
probing beam with Ebeam= 40 keV
injected through the 78° port. Fig. 8 shows the
corresponding detector grid with Ebeam= 20…45 keV.
Fig. 5. HIBP detector line for the probing scheme 2
(25° input port), Ebeam=40 keV. Primary beam-line
angles are α=25°, β=-10°. Top: side view, bottom:
bottom view. Red star denotes the detection point, blue
diamond denotes plasma center
Fig. 6. Detector grid for the probing scheme 2
(25° input port). Primary beam-line angles
are α=25°, β=-10°
198 ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2020. №6(130)
Fig. 7. HIBP detector line for the probing scheme 3
(78° input port), Ebeam=40 keV. Primary beam-line
angles are α=45°, β=-5°. Top: side view, bottom:
bottom view. Red star denotes the detection point,
blue diamond denotes plasma center
Fig. 8. Detector grid for the probing scheme 3
(78° input port). Primary beam-line angles
are α=45°, β=-5°
In a similar way to the case with the 90° port, the
angle-α of the primary beam-line was set to 45° in order
to push detector lines deeper into the plasma, and the
angle β was set to -5°. The detector grid in Fig. 8 covers
the widest area of the plasma cross-section with detector
lines connecting plasma periphery with the plasma core
up to R=0.32 m. The 78° port may be considered as the
most suitable for the HIBP diagnostic.
SECONDARY BEAM-LINE OPTIMIZATION
The secondary beam-line with two sets of parallel
plates similar to those in the primary beam-line is used
to correct secondary trajectories and guide them to the
energy analyzer [8]. To choose α and β angles for the
secondary beam-line Fig. 9 was plotted. It shows α and
β angles of secondary ions velocities at the detection
point for Ebeam = 20…45 keV. The spreads for α and β
angles are -15° to 16° and 13° to 24° respectively.
Based on these values the vertical beam-line (α = 0°)
with β = 20° was chosen. As soon as the angle spreads
are wide, the dimensions of the plates were increased up
to 0.15×0.1 m as well as the distance between plates
(0.1 m).
Fig. 10 shows the trajectories for Ebeam= 40 keV
passing through the secondary beam-line. The voltages
applied to the plates were selected to guide the
secondary trajectories to the new detection point, which
represents the entrance slit of the energy analyzer.
Fig. 9. α and β angles of secondary particle velocities at
the exit port. U scan is the voltage applied to the
α-plates of the primary beam-line, injection through the
78° port. Primary beam-line angles are α=45°, β=-5°
Fig. 10. HIBP detector line for the probing scheme 3
(78° input port), Ebeam=40 keV, with the secondary
beam-line. Primary beam-line angles are α=45°,
β=-5°. Secondary beam-line angles are α=0°,
β=20°. Top: side view, bottom: bottom view. Green star
denotes the new detection point, blue diamond denotes
plasma center
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2020. №6(130) 199
CONCLUSIONS
The performed calculations show that HIBP is
applicable for the upgraded Globus-M2 spherical
tokamak. Three vacuum vessel ports were considered
for HIBP location, the 78° port was chosen as the most
suitable due to the widest area of the plasma cross-
section covered by the detector grid. Optimal angles for
the primary (α=45°, β=-5°) and secondary (α=0°,
β=20°) beam-lines were proposed.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was supported by Russian Science
Foundation project 19-12-00312. A.V. Melnikov was
partly supported by the Competitiveness Program of
NRNU MEPhI.
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Article received 05.10.2020
ПРОЕКТ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ПЛАЗМЫ ПУЧКОМ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ ИОНОВ
ДЛЯ ТОКАМАКА ГЛОБУС-М2
Ф.О. Хабанов, А.В. Мельников, В.Б. Минаев, А.Д. Комаров
Рассмотрена возможность установки диагностики плазмы пучком тяжелых ионов на сферический
токамак Глобус-М2. Для определения оптимального положения первичного и вторичного ионопроводов
HIBP были проведены расчеты траекторий зондирующего пучка с учетом реальной геометрии установки.
Рассмотрены три варианта входных патрубков и режим с тороидальным магнитным полем Btor=0,7 Тл и
током плазмы Ipl=0,5 MA. Выбраны оптимальная схема зондирования, обеспечивающая максимальную
площадь покрытия вертикального сечения плазмы детекторной сеткой, и конфигурация вторичного
ионопровода.
ПРОЕКТ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ПЛАЗМИ ПУЧКОМ ВАЖКИХ ІОНІВ
ДЛЯ ТОКАМАКА ГЛОБУС-М2
П.О. Хабанов, О.В. Мельніков, В.Б. Мінаев, О.Д. Комаров
Розглянута можливість встановлення діагностики плазми пучком важких іонів на сферичний токамак
Глобус-М2. Для визначення оптимального положення первинного і вторинного іонопроводів HIBP були
проведені розрахунки траєкторій зондувального пучка з урахуванням реальної геометрії установки.
Розглянуто три варіанти вхідних патрубків та режим з тороїдальним магнітним полем Btor=0,7 Тл та струмом
плазми Ipl=0,5 MA. Обрано оптимальну схему зондування, що забезпечує максимальну площу покриття
вертикального перерізу плазми детекторною сіткою, і конфігурація вторинного іонопроводу.
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-194673 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:03:18Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Khabanov, Ph.O. Melnikov, A.V. Minaev, V.B. Komarov, O.D. 2023-11-28T13:47:09Z 2023-11-28T13:47:09Z 2020 Heavy ion beam probing conceptual design for the Globus-M2 tokamak / Ph.O. Khabanov, A.V. Melnikov, V.B. Minaev, O.D. Komarov // Problems of atomic science and tecnology. — 2020. — № 6. — С. 195-199. — Бібліогр.: 16 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 02.60.Cb, 52.70.−m, 52.55.Fa, 52.70.Nc https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/194673 The paper discusses the application of the heavy ion beam probe (HIBP) diagnostic to the Globus-M2 spherical tokamak. Probing beam trajectory calculations were conducted to find the optimal position for HIBP primary and secondary beam-linesin the realistic machine geometry. Three configurations of the vacuum vessel ports of Globus-M2 were considered for the regime with toroidal magnetic field Btor=0.7 T and plasma current Ipl=0.5 MA. The optimal probing scheme with the widest area of the plasma cross-section covered by the detector grid was selected. For this scheme, the secondary beam-line was proposed. Розглянута можливість встановлення діагностики плазми пучком важких іонів на сферичний токамак Глобус-М2. Для визначення оптимального положення первинного і вторинного іонопроводів HIBP були проведені розрахунки траєкторій зондувального пучка з урахуванням реальної геометрії установки. Розглянуто три варіанти вхідних патрубків та режим з тороїдальним магнітним полем Btor=0,7 Тл та струмом плазми Ipl=0,5 MA. Обрано оптимальну схему зондування, що забезпечує максимальну площу покриття вертикального перерізу плазми детекторною сіткою, і конфігурація вторинного іонопроводу. Рассмотрена возможность установки диагностики плазмы пучком тяжелых ионов на сферический токамак Глобус-М2. Для определения оптимального положения первичного и вторичного ионопроводов HIBP были проведены расчеты траекторий зондирующего пучка с учетом реальной геометрии установки. Рассмотрены три варианта входных патрубков и режим с тороидальным магнитным полем Btor=0,7 Тл и током плазмы Ipl=0,5 MA. Выбраны оптимальная схема зондирования, обеспечивающая максимальную площадь покрытия вертикального сечения плазмы детекторной сеткой, и конфигурация вторичного ионопровода. This work was supported by Russian Science Foundation project 19-12-00312. A.V. Melnikov was partly supported by the Competitiveness Program of NRNU MEPhI. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Plasma diagnostics Heavy ion beam probing conceptual design for the Globus-M2 tokamak Проект діагностики плазми пучком важких іонів для токамака Глобус - М2 Проект диагностики плазмы пучком тяжелых ионов для токамака Глобус-М2 Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Heavy ion beam probing conceptual design for the Globus-M2 tokamak Khabanov, Ph.O. Melnikov, A.V. Minaev, V.B. Komarov, O.D. Plasma diagnostics |
| title | Heavy ion beam probing conceptual design for the Globus-M2 tokamak |
| title_alt | Проект діагностики плазми пучком важких іонів для токамака Глобус - М2 Проект диагностики плазмы пучком тяжелых ионов для токамака Глобус-М2 |
| title_full | Heavy ion beam probing conceptual design for the Globus-M2 tokamak |
| title_fullStr | Heavy ion beam probing conceptual design for the Globus-M2 tokamak |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heavy ion beam probing conceptual design for the Globus-M2 tokamak |
| title_short | Heavy ion beam probing conceptual design for the Globus-M2 tokamak |
| title_sort | heavy ion beam probing conceptual design for the globus-m2 tokamak |
| topic | Plasma diagnostics |
| topic_facet | Plasma diagnostics |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/194673 |
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