Analyses of structure phase stability of U-Mo target of the neutron source
The paper presents analyses of structure phase stability of fuel materials by means of phase diagrams of martensite transformation method, proposed earlier for the system of “iron-carbon-vacancy”. It was shown that role of molybdenum in stabilization of uranium gamma-structure under irradiation is t...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
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| Cite this: | Analyses of structure phase stability of U-Mo target of the neutron source / B.V. Borts, I.N. Laptev, A.A. Parkhomenko, A.F. Vanzha, I.A. Vorobjev, Yu.A. Marchenko // Problems of atomic science and tecnology. — 2020. — № 1. — С. 161-166. — Бібліогр.: 22 назв. — англ. |
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| author | Borts, B.V. Laptev, I.N. Parkhomenko, A.A. Vanzha, A.F. Vorobjev, I.A. Marchenko, Yu.A. |
| author_facet | Borts, B.V. Laptev, I.N. Parkhomenko, A.A. Vanzha, A.F. Vorobjev, I.A. Marchenko, Yu.A. |
| citation_txt | Analyses of structure phase stability of U-Mo target of the neutron source / B.V. Borts, I.N. Laptev, A.A. Parkhomenko, A.F. Vanzha, I.A. Vorobjev, Yu.A. Marchenko // Problems of atomic science and tecnology. — 2020. — № 1. — С. 161-166. — Бібліогр.: 22 назв. — англ. |
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| description | The paper presents analyses of structure phase stability of fuel materials by means of phase diagrams of martensite transformation method, proposed earlier for the system of “iron-carbon-vacancy”. It was shown that role of molybdenum in stabilization of uranium gamma-structure under irradiation is to hinder of the phase to phase transformations of martensite type. The role of point defects and electron structure in the process of homogenization of alloy structure in the process of irradiation was studied.
Проведено аналіз структурно-фазової стабільності паливних матеріалів за допомогою методу фазових діаграм мартенситних перетворень, запропонованого раніше для системи «залізо–вуглець–вакансії». Показано, що роль молібдену в стабілізації гамма-структури урану під опроміненням пов’язана з утрудненням фазових перетворень мартенситного типу. Розглянуто роль точкових дефектів і електронної структури в процесі гомогенізації структури сплаву під опроміненням.
Проведен анализ структурно-фазовой стабильности топливных материалов с помощью метода фазовых диаграмм мартенситных превращений, предложенного ранее для системы «железо–углерод–вакансии». Показано, что роль молибдена в стабилизации гамма-структуры урана под облучением связана с затруднением фазовых превращений мартенситного типа. Рассмотрена роль точечных дефектов и электронной структуры в процессе гомогенизации структуры сплава под облучением.
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ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2020. №1(125) 161
UDC 669.018.2
ANALYSES OF STRUCTURE PHASE STABILITY OF U-Mo TARGET
OF THE NEUTRON SOURCE
B.V. Borts, I.N. Laptev, A.A. Parkhomenko, A.F. Vanzha, I.A. Vorobjev, Yu.A. Marchenko
National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Kharkiv, Ukraine
E-mail: parkhomenko@kipt.kharkov.ua
The paper presents analyses of structure phase stability of fuel materials by means of phase diagrams of
martensite transformation method, proposed earlier for the system of “iron-carbon-vacancy”. It was shown that role
of molybdenum in stabilization of uranium gamma-structure under irradiation is to
hinder of the phase to phase transformations of martensite type. The role of point defects and electron structure in
the process of homogenization of alloy structure in the process of irradiation was studied.
INTRODUCTION
Creation in NSC KIPT, mutually with Argone
National Laboratory, USA, of the subcritical assembly,
driven by electron accelerator 100 MeV, as the
prototype 5-th generation of nuclear reactors [1] is one
of the most important scientific projects which are under
realization in Ukraine.
Use of uranium with molybdenum alloys, which
maintain in the wide range of temperatures the isotropic
volume-centered cubic lattice of high-temperature
uranium γ-phase, highly resistant to irradiation
influence [2, 3], constitutes the solution to increase
metallurgical and radiation resistance of uranium target
of the neutron source (NS).
Taking into account that one of the variants of the
NS target material in uranium-molybdenum alloy
(710% Мо), it is necessary to perform analyses of
structure phase stability in conditions, corresponding to
NS operating parameters, that is under relatively low
target temperatures (not more than 100 С) and integral
neutron fluxes (about 10
19
n/cm
2
), mainly of the thermal
spectrum.
Transformations of martensite type [4, 5] play an
important role in formation of structures in reactor
materials under irradiation – in uranium, zirconium,
structural steels. As the analyses shows, alloys with 9,
10.5, and 13.5% Mo, irradiated under mentioned above
parameters, are subject to phase transformation of
martensite type under irradiation from α-modification
with rhomb lattice into meta-stable high-temperature
modification of γ-uranium with cubic lattice, with alloy
homogenization attendant to this transformation. In the
initial state it constituted eutectoid: particles of inter-
metallide U2Mo (gamma grove-phase) were dispersed in
alpha-uranium matrix.
After irradiation the alloy constituted homogenous
solid solution based on the gamma-uranium. It means
that, impact of low-temperature low dose irradiation
was similar to influence of heating of this alloy to
temperature above 771 С [6, 7]. Despite several decays
of research of this alloy the nature of this effect remains
unclarified in full. This is confirmed by recent mutual
research of specialists from the USA and China [8].
This paper is aimed at checking the possibility to use
the developed earlier by authors method of phase
diagram of martensite transformation (MFDMT) [4, 5],
to study the structure phase stability of uranium and
uranium-molybdenum alloy, and also determination of
molybdenum role in stabilization of uranium gamma-
structure under irradiation.
HYSTERESIS LOOP OF PHASE
TRANSFORMATION IN URANIUM
Initially the hysteresis loop of FCC-BBC trans-
formations was constructed without reference to any
particular metal or alloy. That is why, answer on the
question – whether our assumptions on the existence of
hysteresis loops under phase transformations in the
systems other than iron are correct was very important
for us. Uranium constitutes particular interest from this
point of view. In pure uranium the high-temperature
γ-phase has BBC lattice, but phase changes in it in the
process of cooling do not result in appearance of FCC-
structure. Uranium lattice turns into tetragonal below
771 С. However, in BCT – iron the ration is с/а > 1, in
uranium it is с/а < 1. It means that crystallographic
BCT-cell of uranium has non-elongated, as in iron, but
oblate from (Fig. 1) [9]. Below 668 С, uranium lattice
becomes orthorhombic, similar to drawn hexagonal. The
cell of FCC lattice of iron is presented for comparison,
and areas of BCT-structures in iron and uranium are
presented. Fig. 4 indicates angles of cells deformation
(from 35.25 to 25.88).
Calculations and modeling demonstrated that
hysteresis loops of phase transformations exist either in
pure uranium or in iron (Fig. 2).
Defomations of the cells according to the scheme
(see Fig. 1,d) and formulas, which were discovered for
iron [4]. The difference is only that deformation angles,
in the process of BBC→BCT→OR(orthorhombic
phase) transformations, are changed in the limits from
35.25 tо 25.88. Similar to BBC→BCT→FCC trans-
formations in iron, OR-structure (stable as FCC in iron)
should be understood as final, to which certain tetra-
gonality corresponds, equal approximately to
с/а = 0.577. In other words, if in iron c/a changes from
1 to , in uranium it is 1 to 1/ . Analyses of expe-
rimental meanings of uranium cell parameters demon-
strated that both big parameters correspond to smaller in
equal proportion with different authors: a/b = 0.489,
a/c = 0.576 [9]. Almost full coincidence of experimental
meaning of ratio а/с = 0.576 and design value с/а =
0.577 allows to make a conclusion that experimentally
determined parameter a of the orthorhombic structure,
in fact, is the parameter c of the drawn tetragonal lattice.
162 ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2020. №1(125)
Fig. 1. Crystallographic cells of different phase states of uranium:
a – high-temperature BBC γ-phase, existing over 771 С; b – tetragonal (a = b>c) β-phase (BCT), existing under
temperatures from 668 С to 771 С; с – orthorhombic low-temperature α-phase (OR); d – deformation scheme of
uranium lattice (a = b = c) (indicated with Figs. 2 and 3) in the cooling process
Fig. 2. Curves 1 and 2 – upper and lower branches of the loop; 3 and 4 – change of internal energy of the system
under its deformation along the upper branch and its derivative, which determines the point of extremum (dimension
scale is optional). ΔV/V – volume relative change in the process of phase transformations, φ – angle of elastic
displacement of atoms in the process of transformation of structure from one phase conditions into another:
ΔV1 – smooth changes of volume of the system in the cooling process (changes are performed by deformation along
the upper branch of hysteresis loop on the angle equal approximately 2,5), ΔV2 – change of volume under
unchanged temperature (growth of volume takes place due to isolation of martensite alpha-phase)
It should be marked specially, that in iron, direct
martensite transformation (γ→α) is performed with
appearance of phase with density less than initial FCC-
phase. This process takes place under high cooling
speed as demands in over-balanced concentration of
vacancies.
In uranium, phase transformations pass with
appearance of more solid β- and α-phases. Such
processes do not need vacancies and can pass under
a
d
b
c
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2020. №1(125) 163
slow cooling. In other words the β-phase is elastically
drawn tetragonal γ-phase. Its formation is the smooth
process caused, mainly, by well-ordered displacement
of central atoms in BCT-structure [3]. This
displacement takes place in parallel planes (200) in
opposite directions ˂100˃, ˂100˃ up to extreme
meaning of the energy system, which corresponds in our
description, to the extremum in the hysteresis loop (see
Fig. 2, curves 3 and 4).
Under such energy meaning the system looses
stability – the shifting atom passes through deformation
barrier and stepwise incorporates in to the plane (100)
or (100). Thus α-phase can form. Despite all
differences, process of phase γ→β→α transformation,
either like in iron, is collective, shearing and thus
martensite.
SYSTEM OF URANIUM-MOLYBDENUM
According to the literary data, molybdenum in
uranium behaves itself as the interstitial element. While
dissolving in uranium, molybdenum atom (similar to
carbon atom in iron) occupies the center of octahedron
which forms two contiguous BBC cells [9]. Such [9]
octahedron constitutes the elementary cell of U2Mo
phase.
Fig. 3. Changes of BBC lattice parameter in the system
U-Mo depending on content of Mo in uranium.
Experimental data are taken from the paper [10]
Elementary calculations witness that even under
smallest inter-atom distance (3.4 Å in the alloy with
12% Мо, Fig. 3) in the center of octahedron, enough
place is remained for free placement of molybdenum
atom. (For reference: diameter of uranium atom 2.76 Å,
diameter of free volume in the center of octahedron
3.14 Å, diameter of molybdenum atom 2.78 Å).
Approximation for zero content of molybdenum
presented in this paper and calculation of ΔV/V allows
to perform estimation of change of the volume on each
percent of molybdenum with value approximately equal
to 0.55%. In particular this effect of densification allows
compensating the negative effect from decrease of
enrichment on uranium-235, when developing
compositions based on uranium-molybdenum for use in
experimental and research reactors [2].
If molybdenum in uranium formed the substitution
solution, then its influence would distribute on each cell
of BBC lattice, or on 8 closest to it cells. It means that
in the first case for stabilization of BBC-structure
concentration of molybdenum about 50 at.% is needed,
and in the second case – less 7 at.%. When recalculating
into weight percents it is, correspondingly 24 and 2.4%.
As Mo atom, dissolving in uranium gets into the
center of octahedron, formed with two cells, it should be
supposed, that influence of molybdenum atom is spread
only on these two cells (4 atoms). Based on this we can
estimate the critical concentration of molybdenum,
which should from the BBC-structure in the whole
volume 100:4 = 25 at.%. In weight percents the optimal
concentration of molybdenum in uranium will
constitute: 25:2.45 = 10.2 wt.%. This meaning is in
good consent with experimental data, according to
which U-10%Mo alloy has the best combination of
properties and is more stable thermodynamically, than
for example U-7%Mo alloy [11].
Changes of position of hysteresis loops in
coordinates “normal stress σn – angle φ” (angle φ –
characterizes elastic displacement of atoms in the
process of restructuring from one phase condition into
another) is presented on Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Consistent deformation of the hysteresis loop in the system uranium-molybdenum:
1 – initial loop; 2, 3, 4 – loops in the system U-Mo with molybdenum content 3, 6, 9 wt.% of molybdenum,
correspondingly. Calculations are performed for BBC parameter of uranium lattice equal to 3.500 Å
164 ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2020. №1(125)
Taking into account, that positive direction of the
ordinate axis corresponds to the growth of tensile
stresses, the obtained results can be interpreted as
growth of values of compressive stress under step-by-
step increasing concentration of molybdenum from
three to nine percent (Fig. 5).
Fig. 5. Increase of compressive stresses in the process
of alloying the uranium with molybdenum
Thus despite significant growth of compressive
stress, reaching 8 GPa, uranium-molybdenum alloys
retain the BBC-lattice, which is confirmed by X-ray
research [11]. As in the process of alloying of uranium
with molybdenum hysteresis loops exist, which can be
seen from Fig. 4, the martensite transformations under
concentrations of molybdenum less than 10 wt.% also
take place. At this the width of the hysteresis loop
characterizes not only the stress value necessary for
martensite transformation but also in the reverse
proportion to molybdenum concentration, describes the
corresponding volumes of transformations. Together
with the growth of molybdenum concentration it
describes the corresponding volumes of transformations.
Width of the hysteresis loop (that is distance between
lower and upper loop branches) decreases with the
growth of molybdenum concentration and
correspondingly decreases the value of specific volume
of martensite transformation.
Similar to alloy Fe-C (carbon in iron – interstitial
impurity) [4, 12], decrease of transformation
temperature (that is growth of transformation energy) in
U-Mo system and decrease of specific volume of
transformation with growth of concentration of alloying
element take place.
UNDER IRRADIATION
It should be noted the processes of homogenization
of the structure and composition of metals and alloys in
non-equilibrium conditions (not only under irradiation)
constitute the known fact. Thus, even particles of the
cementite in alloy iron – 1% carbon, which do not decay
under annealing temperature 900 С in equilibrium
conditions, are decayed under rolling deformation on
90%, when high concentration of point defects appears
in the material [13]. Formation of such defects in
strained materials is still subject if intensive research
(see review [14]). Under influence of irradiation process
of homogenization can result in the following – initially
fragile fuel became more plastic under irradiation
influence [15, 16].
Homogenization can be resulted from large
oversaturation with point defects – vacancies appearing
in thermal peaks. One fission of uranium atom results in
formation of 100000 of point defects. Vacancies, from
one side stimulate high stresses needed for transition [4,
5] and from the other – provide anomalously high
diffusion and high solubility of molybdenum in gamma-
phase [17].
The fact of homogenization of U-Mo alloy [6, 7] is
not something extraordinary. For example, in Ti, phase
transformation takes place from tetragonal beta-phase
into high-temperature alpha phase (BBC) and
molybdenum results in sharp decrease of transformation
start temperature on several hundreds degrees, that is in
complication of phase transition. Authors of [18]
showed that this effect is connected with the increase of
localization (concentration level) of valence electrons
(LLVE) in the system Me-add-mixture (Mo). At this the
LLVE of Mo significantly higher than that of Ti, If
alloying is performed by another element, which does
not have significant advantage over Ti on LLVE, for
example Zr, no significant decrease of temperature of
martensite phase transition (that is complication of
transition) is observed.
The same difference in the influence effects of Mo
and Zr is observed in uranium. Unlike Mo, Zr changes
the uranium lattice when cooling (tempering) not
remaining it in high-temperature gamma-phase [8]. This
proves that not only in titanium but also in uranium the
effect of molybdenum influence (except influence on
diffusion) can be connected also with influence of
localized (valence) electrons on formation of atomic
bonding and stabilization of crystal lattice.
Such approach (to uranium as transition materials)
corresponds to then results of recent paper [19] in which
group of actinoides-5f (Pa
91
–No
102
) is considered as
transition metals. By means of quantum-mechanical
methods authors demonstrated that in chemical
compounds with metals there can appear in uranium
short 6d-6d covalent bonds of neighbor ions. That can
disturb 5f-6d balance of separate uranium ion, as a
result of which fluctuations of chemical bond take
place. They increase the density of 6d electrons due to
destabilization of 5f-shell. Destabilization of electron
structure of uranium ion is connected with hybridization
5f-6d. Jumps of external 5f electrons on 6d level due to
excitation of fluctuations of chemical covalent bonds
with growth of temperature can result in phase α→β→γ
transitions. Formation of “short” U-U-bonds in the
process of uranium alloying with molybdenum was
shown in paper [20] by method of mathematical
modeling.
In uranium, in conditions of transition, anomalously
high self-diffusion is observed. It connected with the
fact that enthalpy of migrations decreases almost to
zero, when conditions of stability of crystal lattice to
uniform deformation (σ ˂ С11–С12) no longer works. At
this, the energy of vacancies formation becomes lower
than one electron-volt, is significantly lower the table
data [17].
wt.%
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2020. №1(125) 165
We can see the following picture of the process of
homogenization under irradiation of uranium-
molybdenum alloy, when swelling (clustering of point
defects) does not exist yet.
Large (in comparison with irradiation of non-
fissionable in reactors) speed of formation of point
defects (one displacement on atom corresponds to burn
out 0.001%) under uranium fission creates their
exclusively high oversaturation in the matrix: this
results in two effects.
1. According to paper [21] under these conditions
of irradiation increase of parameter of crystal lattice
takes place in matrix and correspondingly internal
tensile stresses appear which can reach the meanings
more that 1 GPa. These stresses stimulate flow of direct
alpha-beta-gamma transition which flows according to
the demands of thermal-dynamics (increase of volume
under increase of temperature). Thus appears the
gamma-phase. Let’s compare the stresses on diagram
(see Fig. 4) with stresses caused be defects under
neutron irradiation. According to data of R. Stoller from
Oak-Ridge National Laboratory, USA under irradiation
in water-water energy reactors of reactor vessel steel
(97% of iron) already under doses less that 0.1 and
irradiation temperature not more than 100 С the level
of oversaturation with vacancies Сv/С
0
v constitutes
about 10
4
times [22]. According to formula, derived for
determination of chemcical potential of vacancies, the
corresponding values of stresses
σ = kT/Ωln(Сv/С
0
v),
(where k, T, Ω – correspondingly the Boltzmann
constant, irradiation temperature, atomic volume of iron
1.18∙10
-23
cm
-3
) caused by vacancies should constitute
not less than 700 kg/mm
2
, which on the value order
corresponds to the used by us meanings of stresses on
the left axis of diagram Fig. 4.
2. Presence of such oversaturation is similar to that
the material temperature is very high, corresponding to
the area of existence of high-temperature gamma-phase,
in which solubility of molybdenum can reach 20% [9].
CONCLUSIONS
1. According to MFDMT hysteresis loop was
constructed for phase transitions in pure uranium. It was
shown that despite significant changes from the process
of martensite formation in pure iron, the martensite
transitions in uranium are realized similar to the loop
constructed for pure iron.
2. It was shown that tetragonality of BCT-structure
(β-phase) are less than one, and atoms displacement
angle during the phase transformation of lattice are
changed in the ranges from 35.25 до 25.88. Calculated
meaning of structure tetragonality (с/a) corresponds to
0.577, which significantly differs from the case with
iron (tetragonality is more than one) and corresponds to
experimental meanings.
3. Isolation of martensite crystal takes place with
appearance of more solid orthorhombic phase. But the
process takes place during cooling which does not result
either in cracking or in cavitation.
4. Alloying of uranium with molybdenum assists in
stabilization of BBC-structure and process of
homogenization under influence of irradiation of
particles of nuclear decay does not allow development
of processes of ordering and formation of phase U2Mo.
As a result, processes of ordering with further isolation
of ordered phase (similar to steels), cannot become the
reason of cracking or swelling. Effect of molybdenum
influence (except influence on diffusion) can also be
connected with influence of localized (valence)
electrons on formation of inter-atomic bonding and
stabilization of crystal lattice.
5. In the same way, as it occurs in alloy Fe-C
(carbon in iron – interstitial impurity), decrease of
transformation temperature and decrease of specific
volume of transformation with growth of alloying
element take place in the system U-Mo.
6. Homogenization can be caused by large
oversaturation with point defects taking place in thermal
peaks. This can result in two effects.
– High internal tensile stresses appear which
stimulates flowing of direct alpha-beta-gamma
transition, which flows according to the demands of
thermal-dynamics (increase of volume with the increase
of temperature). Thus appears the gamma-phase.
– Presence of such oversaturation is similar to that
the temperature of the materials is very high,
corresponding to the area of existence of high-
temperature gamma-phase, in which solubility of
molybdenum can reach 20%.
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Статья поступила в редакцию 30.10.2019 г.
АНАЛИЗ СТРУКТУРНО-ФАЗОВОЙ СТАБИЛЬНОСТИ U-Mo-МИШЕНИ
НЕЙТРОННОГО ИСТОЧНИКА
Б.В. Борц, И.Н. Лаптев, А.А. Пархоменко, А.Ф. Ванжа, И.А. Воробьев, Ю.А. Марченко
Проведен анализ структурно-фазовой стабильности топливных материалов с помощью метода фазовых
диаграмм мартенситных превращений, предложенного ранее для системы «железо–углерод–вакансии».
Показано, что роль молибдена в стабилизации гамма-структуры урана под облучением связана с
затруднением фазовых превращений мартенситного типа. Рассмотрена роль точечных дефектов и
электронной структуры в процессе гомогенизации структуры сплава под облучением.
АНАЛІЗ СТРУКТУРНО-ФАЗОВОЇ СТАБІЛЬНОСТІ U-Mo-МІШЕНІ
НЕЙТРОННОГО ДЖЕРЕЛА
Б.В. Борц, І.Н. Лаптєв, О.О. Пархоменко, О.Ф. Ванжа, І.О. Воробйов, Ю.О. Марченко
Проведено аналіз структурно-фазової стабільності паливних матеріалів за допомогою методу фазових
діаграм мартенситних перетворень, запропонованого раніше для системи «залізо–вуглець–вакансії».
Показано, що роль молібдену в стабілізації гамма-структури урану під опроміненням пов’язана з
утрудненням фазових перетворень мартенситного типу. Розглянуто роль точкових дефектів і електронної
структури в процесі гомогенізації структури сплаву під опроміненням.
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-194751 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T15:43:48Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Borts, B.V. Laptev, I.N. Parkhomenko, A.A. Vanzha, A.F. Vorobjev, I.A. Marchenko, Yu.A. 2023-11-29T14:35:21Z 2023-11-29T14:35:21Z 2020 Analyses of structure phase stability of U-Mo target of the neutron source / B.V. Borts, I.N. Laptev, A.A. Parkhomenko, A.F. Vanzha, I.A. Vorobjev, Yu.A. Marchenko // Problems of atomic science and tecnology. — 2020. — № 1. — С. 161-166. — Бібліогр.: 22 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/194751 669.018.2 The paper presents analyses of structure phase stability of fuel materials by means of phase diagrams of martensite transformation method, proposed earlier for the system of “iron-carbon-vacancy”. It was shown that role of molybdenum in stabilization of uranium gamma-structure under irradiation is to hinder of the phase to phase transformations of martensite type. The role of point defects and electron structure in the process of homogenization of alloy structure in the process of irradiation was studied. Проведено аналіз структурно-фазової стабільності паливних матеріалів за допомогою методу фазових діаграм мартенситних перетворень, запропонованого раніше для системи «залізо–вуглець–вакансії». Показано, що роль молібдену в стабілізації гамма-структури урану під опроміненням пов’язана з утрудненням фазових перетворень мартенситного типу. Розглянуто роль точкових дефектів і електронної структури в процесі гомогенізації структури сплаву під опроміненням. Проведен анализ структурно-фазовой стабильности топливных материалов с помощью метода фазовых диаграмм мартенситных превращений, предложенного ранее для системы «железо–углерод–вакансии». Показано, что роль молибдена в стабилизации гамма-структуры урана под облучением связана с затруднением фазовых превращений мартенситного типа. Рассмотрена роль точечных дефектов и электронной структуры в процессе гомогенизации структуры сплава под облучением. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Physics and the technology of construction materials Analyses of structure phase stability of U-Mo target of the neutron source Аналіз структурно-фазової стабільності U-Mo-мішені нейтронного джерела Анализ структурно-фазовой стабильности U-Mo-мишени нейтронного источника Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Analyses of structure phase stability of U-Mo target of the neutron source Borts, B.V. Laptev, I.N. Parkhomenko, A.A. Vanzha, A.F. Vorobjev, I.A. Marchenko, Yu.A. Physics and the technology of construction materials |
| title | Analyses of structure phase stability of U-Mo target of the neutron source |
| title_alt | Аналіз структурно-фазової стабільності U-Mo-мішені нейтронного джерела Анализ структурно-фазовой стабильности U-Mo-мишени нейтронного источника |
| title_full | Analyses of structure phase stability of U-Mo target of the neutron source |
| title_fullStr | Analyses of structure phase stability of U-Mo target of the neutron source |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analyses of structure phase stability of U-Mo target of the neutron source |
| title_short | Analyses of structure phase stability of U-Mo target of the neutron source |
| title_sort | analyses of structure phase stability of u-mo target of the neutron source |
| topic | Physics and the technology of construction materials |
| topic_facet | Physics and the technology of construction materials |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/194751 |
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