To the 25- th anniversary of the institute of plasma physics of the national science center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| Datum: | 2019 |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | English |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2019
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| Zitieren: | To the 25- th anniversary of the institute of plasma physics of the national science center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” // Problems of atomic science and technology. — 2019. — № 1. — С. 267-271. — назв. — англ. |
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2023-12-01T13:59:41Z 2023-12-01T13:59:41Z 2019 To the 25- th anniversary of the institute of plasma physics of the national science center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” // Problems of atomic science and technology. — 2019. — № 1. — С. 267-271. — назв. — англ. 1562-6016 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/194908 en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Plasma diagnostics To the 25- th anniversary of the institute of plasma physics of the national science center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” До 25-річчя інституту плазмової фізики Національного наукового центру «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» К 25-летию института плазмовой физики Национального научного центра "Харьковский физико-технический институт" Article published earlier |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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To the 25- th anniversary of the institute of plasma physics of the national science center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” |
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To the 25- th anniversary of the institute of plasma physics of the national science center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” Plasma diagnostics |
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To the 25- th anniversary of the institute of plasma physics of the national science center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” |
| title_full |
To the 25- th anniversary of the institute of plasma physics of the national science center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” |
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To the 25- th anniversary of the institute of plasma physics of the national science center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” |
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To the 25- th anniversary of the institute of plasma physics of the national science center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” |
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to the 25- th anniversary of the institute of plasma physics of the national science center “kharkov institute of physics and technology” |
| topic |
Plasma diagnostics |
| topic_facet |
Plasma diagnostics |
| publishDate |
2019 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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Article |
| title_alt |
До 25-річчя інституту плазмової фізики Національного наукового центру «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» К 25-летию института плазмовой физики Национального научного центра "Харьковский физико-технический институт" |
| issn |
1562-6016 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/194908 |
| citation_txt |
To the 25- th anniversary of the institute of plasma physics of the national science center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” // Problems of atomic science and technology. — 2019. — № 1. — С. 267-271. — назв. — англ. |
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2025-11-25T22:49:28Z |
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2025-11-25T22:49:28Z |
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1850574248075067392 |
| fulltext |
267
TO THE 25-
th
ANNIVERSARY OF THE INSTITUTE OF PLASMA PHYSICS
OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE CENTER
“KHARKOV INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY”
The plasma physics research in Ukraine has strong background and long history. Theoretical investigations on
plasma physics were started in NSC KIPT (at that time named “Ukrainian Institute of Physics and Technology”) by
the famous works of L.D. Landau on collision of particles with Coulomb interaction (1936), A.I. Akhiezer and
Ya.B. Fainberg, who invented the beam-plasma instability (1948), A.I. Akhiezer and L.E. Pargamanik on kinetic
theory of plasma oscillations in the magnetic field, who predicted the possibility of electron cyclotron resonance.
Experimental research on plasma physics and controlled fusion were launched in 1956 on the initiative and under
the leadership of K.D. Sinelnikov.
Participation of NSC KIPT in solving the problem of controlled fusion and international cooperation in this field
gave the powerful impulse for plasma research. The works of K.N. Stepanov, V.I. Tereshin, V.T. Tolok,
O.A. Lavrentyev, V.F. Aleksin, O.S. Pavlichenko et al., which brought respect and recognition to the Kharkov
school of plasma physicists, became famous all over the world.
Founders of Plasma Research in KIPT
Academician Academician Academician Academician
K.D. Sinelnikov L.D. Landau A.I. Akhiezer Ya.B. Fainberg
Founders of the Main Scientific Directions in IPP NSC KIPT
Corr. Memb. NASU V.T. Tolok, Prof. O.S. Pavlichenko, Corr. Memb. NASU V.I. Tereshin.
head of plasma division. first director of IPP High energy plasma dynamics
Stellarator research. Development Physics and diagnostics of and plasma accelerators
of plasma technologies high-temperature plasma
Corr. Memb. NASU K.N. Stepanov. Dr. Sci. O.A. Lavrentyev
Plasma theory, electrodynamics of plasma Pioneer of fusion research in USSR, proposed
concepts of hydrogen bomb and plasma confinement,
electromagnetic traps
268
The Institute of Plasma Physics was the first among the NSC KIPT institutes that was established on the basis of
the plasma physics division on 3 January, 1994.
Currently, the Institute of Plasma Physics (IPP NSC KIPT) is a modern scientific center on plasma research
covering the fundamental problems of high-temperature plasma physics and controlled fusion, high-energy plasma
dynamics, applied and innovative developments in the field of low-temperature plasma, development of the plasma
diagnostics methods and novel plasma technologies.
Structure of IPP NSC KIPT:
Department of Engineering Support (Head of department V.P. Eremin)
Department of Stellarators (Head of department Ph.D. V.E. Moiseenko)
Department of Plasma Theory (Head of department Dr. Sci. D.L. Grekov)
Plasma Dynamics Department (Scientific head of department Corresponding Member of NAS of Ukraine,
Prof., Dr. Sci. I.E. Garkusha)
The Main Directions of IPP Research Activity:
1. Fusion oriented studies including plasma confinement in stellarators, high-frequency plasma heating,
diagnostics of high-temperature plasma.
2. Various aspects of the fusion reactor ITER (problems of materials for the first wall, divertor, mirrors etc.).
3. Development and application of high-power quasi-stationary and pulsed plasma accelerators.
4. Plasma technologies (multi-layer coatings and surface modification, combined discharges, DBD ozone
generators and sterilizers etc.).
5. Fundamental problems of plasma physics.
Stellarators
The main program of U-3M is focused on RF plasma production and heating, physics of plasma confinement in
stellarators, investigation of divertor in stellarator-reactor concept. Methods of wall conditioning and cleaning the
surfaces of fusion facilities with high-frequency plasma discharges were proposed and implemented. An important
contribution to the understanding of divertor physics is discovery of the vertical asymmetry effect for the divertor
plasma flows in helical divertor.
Stellarators Uragan-3M (left), Uragan-2M (central) and magnetic surfaces in Uragan-2M (right)
Stellarator Uragan-2M was put into operation in 2006. Large number of magnetic windings in Uragan-2M
provides varying magnetic configuration parameters within a wide range and thus allows studying the influence of
helical magnetic field inhomogeneities on plasma confinement.
Diagnostics of High-Temperature Plasma
Diagnostic method and the unique set of equipment for plasma probing by heavy ion beams were developed. The
developments were implemented on number of fusion facilities in the world: TJ-I and TJ-II (CIEMAT, Spain),
WEGA (IPP, Germany), TM-4 and T-10 (IAE, RF), Tuman-3 (LFTI, RF). Using this diagnostics the IPP team
participates in joint studies on the role of electric fields in plasma confinement.
269
Scheme of HIBP diagnostics and dual HIBP at CIEMAT
Plasma Theory
Comprehensive studies on various aspects of plasma production, heating, equilibrium and stability in magnetic
traps are carried out. Analysis of instabilities and the resulting anomalous transport in plasma with highly
inhomogeneous poloidal rotation was performed. The numerical codes were developed for three-dimensional
simulation of plasma transport in presence of resonant magnetic perturbations to suppress the edge localized modes.
Prospective scenarios for RF plasma production and heating in stellarators were proposed.
Plasma Accelerators
Experimental simulations of the transient events in the international thermonuclear reactor ITER are carried out
with powerful quasi-stationary plasma accelerator QSPA Kh-50. The supersonic flows of dense magnetized plasma
with velocities up to 500 km/s, ion current of 10 MA and energy density up to 40 MJ/m
2
were obtained. This plasma
accelerator is unique for adequate modeling experiments on the interaction of plasma with fusion reactor materials.
New generation quasi-stationary plasma accelerator has recently been constructed to achieve qualitatively new and
previously unstudied range of plasma parameters providing extreme energy and particle loads to the materials. New
experimental stand QSPA-M allows studying the irradiation effects on materials used in fission and fusion power
engineering.
QSPA plasma accelerators
Plasma Dynamics
The powerful plasma generators of
extreme ultraviolet radiation and soft
X-rays were developed.
The combined technologies for
modification of materials and the
methods for plasma alloying using the
pulsed flows of dense plasma were
proposed. The advanced pulsed
plasma guns are used to modify the
surface layers and to obtain the materials having
unique physical properties.
QSPA Kh-
50
QSPA M
270
Advanced Plasma Technologies
Technologies for deposition of multilayer and composite coatings in the combined arc and RF discharges have
been developed. Application of high frequency allowed substantial reduction of the surface temperature and
production of coatings with excellent adhesion on metals and dielectrics, including the inner surfaces of items. The
compact ozone generators using the dielectric barrier discharge were developed. On the basis of these ozone
generators, the high-efficiency low-temperature sterilizers with ultrasonic cavitation were designed for medicine and
industry.
Examples of plasma technology developments based on vacuum- and atmospheric pressure discharges
IPP Integration into the International Research Programmes
Since 2017 IPP NSC KIPT is involved to the EURATOM fusion programme, in particular, to EUROfusion
research on stellarators, plasma-facing components, medium size tokamaks, liquid metals, education etc. NSC KIPT
is beneficiary of EUROfusion consortium and it represents Ukrainian Research Unit in European fusion programme.
International collaboration of IPP is carried out with 25 research centers from the USA, Japan, Spain,
Austria, Germany, Belgium, Poland etc. IPP is member of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Implementing
Agreement on “Stellarator-Heliotron Concept”, participant of IAEA coordinated research projects and STCU
international cooperation projects, participates in activity of the International Center for Dense Magnetized Plasma
(Warsaw, Poland).
IPP Awards
13 staff members of IPP were awarded with State prizes and that
of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
In 2004 the K.D. Sinelnikov Prize of the National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine was obtained O.A. Lavrentyev and
V.A. Maslov for "Development of the concept of a thermonuclear
reactor and a neutron source based on a multislit electromagnetic
trap".
The State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology
for 2005 was awarded to E.D. Volkov, S.V. Kasilov, N.I. Nazarov,
271
A.I. Skibenko, K.N. Stepanov, V.V. Chechkin, O.M. Shvets for the series of works “Collective mechanisms of
plasma heating and transport in toroidal magnetic traps”.
In 2007, the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology was awarded to I.E. Garkusha,
D.G. Solyakov, V.I. Tereshin, V.V. Chebotarev for the series of works “Physical principles, development, creation
and use in radiation physics of powerful and super-powerful accelerators of ions and plasma”.
International Conferences and Schools on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion
IPP NSC KIPT is organizer of the world-famous series of International conferences-schools on plasma physics
and controlled fusion, ongoing since 1998. The conference recognized by official status of the European Physical
Society "EPS sponsored conference" and it is one of the key forums for controlled fusion, plasma physics and
technologies. Over 160 scientists from 10 countries participated in recent conference in 2018.
I.E. Garkusha
Corresponding Member of
the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
Doctor of Sciences (Phys. and Math.), Professor,
Deputy Director General of NSC KIPT,
Scientific head of IPP NSC KIPT
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