Triggering pulse generators developed for the high-voltage dischargers of magnetic systems and for the generator of pulse voltages used by the relativistic electron beam accelerator "TEMP-B"
The pulse generators were developed to trigger the high-voltage dischargers of magnetic systems and the dischargers of the generators of pulsed voltages used by the relativistic electron beam (REB) accelerator “TEMP-B”. The description of the triggering pulse generators designed by the NSC KIPT to a...
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2021
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| Zitieren: | Triggering pulse generators developed for the high-voltage dischargers of magnetic systems and for the generator of pulse voltages used by the relativistic electron beam accelerator "TEMP-B" / A.B. Batrakov, A.A. Zinchenko, U.F. Lonin, A.G. Ponomarev, S.I. Fedotov // Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. — 2021. — № 4. — С. 35-38. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. |
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Batrakov, A.B. Zinchenko, A.A. Lonin, U.F. Ponomarev, A.G. Fedotov, S.I. 2023-12-03T13:47:52Z 2023-12-03T13:47:52Z 2021 Triggering pulse generators developed for the high-voltage dischargers of magnetic systems and for the generator of pulse voltages used by the relativistic electron beam accelerator "TEMP-B" / A.B. Batrakov, A.A. Zinchenko, U.F. Lonin, A.G. Ponomarev, S.I. Fedotov // Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. — 2021. — № 4. — С. 35-38. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 29.20.-с; 29.90. +r DOI: https://doi.org/10.46813/2021-134-035 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/195131 The pulse generators were developed to trigger the high-voltage dischargers of magnetic systems and the dischargers of the generators of pulsed voltages used by the relativistic electron beam (REB) accelerator “TEMP-B”. The description of the triggering pulse generators designed by the NSC KIPT to actuate the dischargers of the pulsed voltage generators (PVG) and the dischargers of magnetic systems has been given. These are used by the commutation systems of capacitor banks with the stored energy margin in the range of 60 to 150 kJ. The generators provide the generation of voltage pulses with the amplitude of up to 20 kV. Розроблено генератори імпульсів для запуску високовольтних розрядників магнітних систем і генератора імпульсних напруг прискорювача релятивістських електронних пучків (РЕП) «ТЕМП-Б». Приведено опис генераторів і розглянута їх робота з розрядниками, спроектованими в ННЦ ХФТІ, які використовуються в системах комутації конденсаторних батарей з енергетичним запасом від 60 до 150 кДж. Генератори забезпечують отримання імпульсів напруги з амплітудою до 20 кВ. Разработаны генераторы импульсов для запуска высоковольтных разрядников магнитных систем и генератора импульсных напряжений ускорителя релятивистских электронных пучков (РЭП) «ТЕМП-Б». Приведено описание генераторов и рассмотрена их работа с разрядниками, спроектированными в ННЦ ХФТИ, которые используются в системах коммутации конденсаторных батарей с энергетическим запасом от 60 до 150 кДж. Генераторы обеспечивают получение импульсов напряжения с амплитудой до 20 кВ. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Relativistic and nonrelativistic plasma electronics Triggering pulse generators developed for the high-voltage dischargers of magnetic systems and for the generator of pulse voltages used by the relativistic electron beam accelerator "TEMP-B" Генератори імпульсів запуску високовольтних розрядників для магнітних систем і генератора імпульсних напруг прискорювача релятивістських електронних пучків «ТЕМП-Б» Генераторы импульсов запуска высоковольтных разрядников для магнитных систем и генератора импульсных напряжений ускорителя релятивистских электронных пучков «ТЕМП-Б» Article published earlier |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| title |
Triggering pulse generators developed for the high-voltage dischargers of magnetic systems and for the generator of pulse voltages used by the relativistic electron beam accelerator "TEMP-B" |
| spellingShingle |
Triggering pulse generators developed for the high-voltage dischargers of magnetic systems and for the generator of pulse voltages used by the relativistic electron beam accelerator "TEMP-B" Batrakov, A.B. Zinchenko, A.A. Lonin, U.F. Ponomarev, A.G. Fedotov, S.I. Relativistic and nonrelativistic plasma electronics |
| title_short |
Triggering pulse generators developed for the high-voltage dischargers of magnetic systems and for the generator of pulse voltages used by the relativistic electron beam accelerator "TEMP-B" |
| title_full |
Triggering pulse generators developed for the high-voltage dischargers of magnetic systems and for the generator of pulse voltages used by the relativistic electron beam accelerator "TEMP-B" |
| title_fullStr |
Triggering pulse generators developed for the high-voltage dischargers of magnetic systems and for the generator of pulse voltages used by the relativistic electron beam accelerator "TEMP-B" |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Triggering pulse generators developed for the high-voltage dischargers of magnetic systems and for the generator of pulse voltages used by the relativistic electron beam accelerator "TEMP-B" |
| title_sort |
triggering pulse generators developed for the high-voltage dischargers of magnetic systems and for the generator of pulse voltages used by the relativistic electron beam accelerator "temp-b" |
| author |
Batrakov, A.B. Zinchenko, A.A. Lonin, U.F. Ponomarev, A.G. Fedotov, S.I. |
| author_facet |
Batrakov, A.B. Zinchenko, A.A. Lonin, U.F. Ponomarev, A.G. Fedotov, S.I. |
| topic |
Relativistic and nonrelativistic plasma electronics |
| topic_facet |
Relativistic and nonrelativistic plasma electronics |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
Генератори імпульсів запуску високовольтних розрядників для магнітних систем і генератора імпульсних напруг прискорювача релятивістських електронних пучків «ТЕМП-Б» Генераторы импульсов запуска высоковольтных разрядников для магнитных систем и генератора импульсных напряжений ускорителя релятивистских электронных пучков «ТЕМП-Б» |
| description |
The pulse generators were developed to trigger the high-voltage dischargers of magnetic systems and the dischargers of the generators of pulsed voltages used by the relativistic electron beam (REB) accelerator “TEMP-B”. The description of the triggering pulse generators designed by the NSC KIPT to actuate the dischargers of the pulsed voltage generators (PVG) and the dischargers of magnetic systems has been given. These are used by the commutation systems of capacitor banks with the stored energy margin in the range of 60 to 150 kJ. The generators provide the generation of voltage pulses with the amplitude of up to 20 kV.
Розроблено генератори імпульсів для запуску високовольтних розрядників магнітних систем і генератора імпульсних напруг прискорювача релятивістських електронних пучків (РЕП) «ТЕМП-Б». Приведено опис генераторів і розглянута їх робота з розрядниками, спроектованими в ННЦ ХФТІ, які використовуються в системах комутації конденсаторних батарей з енергетичним запасом від 60 до 150 кДж. Генератори забезпечують отримання імпульсів напруги з амплітудою до 20 кВ.
Разработаны генераторы импульсов для запуска высоковольтных разрядников магнитных систем и генератора импульсных напряжений ускорителя релятивистских электронных пучков (РЭП) «ТЕМП-Б». Приведено описание генераторов и рассмотрена их работа с разрядниками, спроектированными в ННЦ ХФТИ, которые используются в системах коммутации конденсаторных батарей с энергетическим запасом от 60 до 150 кДж. Генераторы обеспечивают получение импульсов напряжения с амплитудой до 20 кВ.
|
| issn |
1562-6016 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/195131 |
| citation_txt |
Triggering pulse generators developed for the high-voltage dischargers of magnetic systems and for the generator of pulse voltages used by the relativistic electron beam accelerator "TEMP-B" / A.B. Batrakov, A.A. Zinchenko, U.F. Lonin, A.G. Ponomarev, S.I. Fedotov // Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. — 2021. — № 4. — С. 35-38. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. |
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ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2021. № 4(134) 35
https://doi.org/10.46813/2021-134-035
TRIGGERING PULSE GENERATORS DEVELOPED
FOR THE HIGH-VOLTAGE DISCHARGERS OF MAGNETIC SYSTEMS
AND FOR THE GENERATOR OF PULSE VOLTAGES USED
BY THE RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON BEAM ACCELERATOR “TEMP-B”
A.B. Batrakov, A.A. Zinchenko, Yu.F. Lonin, A.G. Ponomarev, S.I. Fedotov
National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Kharkiv, Ukraine
E-mail: a.batrakov67@gmail.com
The pulse generators were developed to trigger the high-voltage dischargers of magnetic systems and the dis-
chargers of the generators of pulsed voltages used by the relativistic electron beam (REB) accelerator “TEMP-B”.
The description of the triggering pulse generators designed by the NSC KIPT to actuate the dischargers of the pulsed
voltage generators (PVG) and the dischargers of magnetic systems has been given. These are used by the commuta-
tion systems of capacitor banks with the stored energy margin in the range of 60 to 150 kJ. The generators provide
the generation of voltage pulses with the amplitude of up to 20 kV.
PACS: 29.20.-с; 29.90. +r
INTRODUCTION
The REB accelerator “TEMP-B” with the energy re-
serve of up to 150 kJ is intended for the generation of
the high-power REB pulses and the slowing-down
X-ray emission. The generator enables the generation of
the REB with the current of 2 to 20 kA and the particle
energy of 300 to 800 keV. Just one current pulse of the
accelerator is able to yield a maximum dose of the slow-
ing-down X-ray emission, i.e. ~ 9100 Р. The main pow-
er supply source of such an accelerator is the pulse volt-
age generator (PVG) that was assembled according to
the specially updated Arkadev-Marx circuit. It consists
of the four (4) parallel operating channels. The shaped
high-voltage pulse is sent via the electrode from PVG to
the magnet-isolated vacuum diode of the REB accelera-
tor. The diode is divided into two parts. The first part
connects the PVG electrode with the insulating column
and the second part is a vacuum in the insulating col-
umn. The magnetic field is applied to shape and trans-
port the REB and avoid the beam current losses in the
vacuum diode. The magnetic field is created by the cur-
rent flowing through the conical and cylindrical sole-
noids. The conical solenoid is situated outside the vac-
uum diode and it provides the magnetic insulation. The
cylindrical solenoid is arranged inside the vacuum diode
and it is intended for the REB shaping and transporting.
To provide a stable operation of the shaping and accel-
erating line the REB accelerator requires the noise-
immune discharger triggering systems. The transistor-
type generator circuits developed by us shape the high-
voltage pulses of 20 kV that are used to trigger high-
power dischargers. These have galvanic decouplers be-
tween the input control pulse and the pulses of the de-
vices designed to directly actuate high-power discharg-
ers. These dischargers provide a considerable decrease
in electric noises that arise during the operation of the
devices of this type and considerably improve a stable
operation of the accelerator on the whole.
TRIGGERING PULSE GENERATOR
FOR THE HIGH-VOLTAGE DISCHARGERS
OF THE PVG
A successful operation of the REB accelerator
“TEMP-B” requires a reliable operation of its numerous
units. It can be attained through the stable triggering of
the all systems of it [1]. Pulse signals are sent from the
synchronizing device to the pulse generator to actuate
the high-voltage dischargers of the PVG. Transistor-
type high-voltage pulse shaper-based circuit was devel-
oped to provide a stable operation of triggering dis-
chargers. The generator provides the generation of volt-
age pulses with the amplitude of up to 20 kV and the
current of 5 A in the short-circuit mode; the pulse dura-
tion of the first half-wave is 12 µs and the pulse repeti-
tion rate is within 10 Hz. Fig. 1 gives the generator cir-
cuit designed for the actuation of the high-voltage dis-
chargers of the PVG.
Fig. 1. The generator circuit designed for the actuation
of the high-voltage dischargers of the PVG
The circuit consists of the dividing transformer T1;
the voltage doubler consisting of VD1, VD2, C1 and
C2, storage capacitors C3 and C4 and the symistor-
based switch-board VD6, and the step-up pulse trans-
former T3 whose secondary winding sends the signal to
the control electrode of the discharger. The symistor
VTA41-800V acts as a switch-board that provides the
discharge of storage capacitors onto the high-voltage
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2021. № 4(134) 36
transformer. The transformation ratio of the transformer
T3 is equal to 35. The secondary high-voltage winding
of the transformer consists of the four (4) sections and it
enables the generation of the triggering pulse within the
order of 20 kV. The triggering pulse generator devel-
oped for the actuation of the dischargers enables the
generation of the actuating pulse several times higher
than that of similar devices [2]. Fig. 2 gives the voltage
pulse oscillogram.
Fig. 2. Output voltage pulse oscillogram
in the idling mode
A maximum value of the current that flows in the
discharge circuit is defined by the inductance of the
primary winding of the transformer and it is equal to
about 40 A. Fig. 3 gives the current oscillogram ob-
tained in the short-circuit mode.
Fig. 3. Triggering current pulse in the short-circuit
mode for the active loading of 0.13
The VD6 symistor control pulse is sent from the
triggering device via the dividing transformer T2 and
the current limiting resistor R3. The control pulse that
actuates the symistor VD6 has a positive polarity with
the amplitude of 15 V and the duration of 4 µs. The re-
sisters R1 and R2 are intended for the limitation of the
charging current of storage capacitors C3 and C4. The
resistor R5 confines the discharge current of the capaci-
tors C3 and C4 to the level of 400 A. The light emitting
diode VD4 indicates the operation of the actuating gen-
erator. The represented triggering pulse generator circuit
allowed us to attain the stable actuation of high voltage
dischargers and it can be applied for the power supply
systems used by the VPGs and pulse current generators
(PCGs) that contribute to the solution of different tech-
nological problems relating to the change in the proper-
ties of condensed media, modification of the surfaces of
polycomposite materials, etc.
TRIGGERING PULSE GENERATORS
FOR THE HIGH-VOLTAGE DISCHARGERS
OF MAGNETIC SYSTEMS
Triggering pulse generators used for the actuation of
the high-voltage dischargers of magnetic systems gener-
ate the pulses that drive the dischargers of conical and
cylindrical solenoids [3]. These allow us to create the
appropriate conditions for the magnetic insulation and
for the beam transportation. The delay in the actuation
of the discharger of the cylindrical solenoid is within the
order of 15 ms. The magnetic field intensity of the coni-
cal solenoid was equal to 4 kE and the intensity of the
magnetic field of the cylindrical solenoid intended for
the REB focusing and transportation was equal to
11.7 kE. Magnetic systems are actuated by the spark
dischargers R1 P. 21654, assembly 7 that were devel-
oped by the Institute for the Physics Technology of the
Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist
Republic and these are used as the switch-boards for the
energy – intensive capacitor banks. Usually the hydro-
gen thyratron-based triggering pulse generator circuit is
used. The hydrogen thyratron discharges the prelimi-
nary charged high-voltage capacitor bank onto the pri-
mary winding of the high-voltage transformer. The gen-
erated high-voltage pulse is sent from the secondary
transformer winding to the control electrode of the dis-
charger. The application of the hydrogen thyratron pre-
supposes the use of the high-power filament trans-
former, the high-voltage power supply source to charge
the storage capacitor, and the shaper of the high –
voltage driving pulse that is sent to the net-shaped elec-
trode of the thyratron. It takes approximately 5…7 min
for the hydrogen thyratron to get prepared for the opera-
tion.
The suggested generator circuit allows us to get rid
of the large-size transformers, to use standard semicon-
ductor devices and to cut uptime. The triggering pulse
generator circuit designed for the actuation of the high-
voltage dischargers of magnetic systems is given in
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. The triggering pulse generator circuit
designed for the actuation of high-voltage dischargers
of magnetic systems
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2021. № 4(134) 37
The triggering pulse generator circuit designed for
the actuation of the high-voltage dischargers of mag-
netic systems includes the voltage converter fabricated
using the push-pull circuit with the midpoint on the
VT1-VT2 transistors. The converter operation fre-
quency is 16 kHz. The limitation of the charging current
of the capacitors С6 to С11occurs at the level of 30 mA
at the initial time instant, using the capacitor C1 for the
input ac voltage circuit. As the capacitors C6 to C11 are
charged the charging current is cut down and the con-
verter is switched to the voltage stabilization mode,
maintaining the C6 to C11 voltage at the level of 350 V.
The standard thyristor VS1-BT12-600 is used for the
switching of the capacitors C6-C11. The ignition coil
B115-U-ХL with the transformation ratio of 88 is used
as the step-up transformer. When the thyrister VS1 is
switched on via the ignition coil the so-called “resonance
charge of the capacitors” C12, C13 occurs [4]. The charg-
ing of the capacitors C12 and C13 occurs prior to the
breakdown of the additional uncontrolled spark dis-
charger FV1.The breakdown voltage of this discharger is
within 10 kV. The voltage value to which the capacitors
C12 and C13 are charged is derived from the formula:
1 1
1
2 in o
c
o s
U CU
C C
, (1)
where cU is the С12 and С13 capacitor voltage, 1
inU is
the С6 through С11 capacitor voltage driven to the sec-
ondary winding of the step-up transformer and it is
equal to 1
in tr inU K U = 88350 V = 30.8103 V, 1
oC , is
the C6 - C11 capacitors capacitance driven to the sec-
ondary winding of the step-up transformer and it is
equal to 1 2 6 2 105 10 F 88 6 46 10 Fo trC C K . sC ,
is the С12 and С13 capacitors capacitance.
The calculated capacitor voltage value is equal to
17.3103 V and it results in the confident actuation of the
uncontrolled spark discharger.
The formula (1) shows that a decrease in the capaci-
tance value of sC results in its increased voltage value
and the action time of the high voltage is reduced.
Therefore, the capacitance value of sC is selected ex-
pecting that the action time of the high voltage that ex-
ceeds the value of the breakdown voltage of the spark
discharger would be longer than the delay time of the
breakdown of this spark discharger.
Fig. 5. T3 spark coil voltage and current oscillogram
The discharge of the additional capacitor via the
uncontrolled spark discharger onto the built-in high-
voltage transformer of the spark discharger
(R1 P. 21654 assembly 7) results in the actuation of this
discharger. The oscillogram in Fig. 5 shows the opera-
tion of the triggering circuit.
The oscillogram shows that the T3 coil voltage for
beam 1 is 350 V. The current measured on the resis-
tance of 0.3 for beam 2 is 12 A. The current change
rate in the spark coil T3 is 0.2 A/µs that enables the use
of the standard tyristor. Fig. 6 gives the oscillogram for
the uncontrolled discharger voltage measured using the
capacitive voltage divider with the dividing ratio of 200.
Fig. 6. FV1 uncontrolled discharger voltage oscillogram
The given oscillogram shows that the discharger
breakdown occurs at the voltage value of 10 kV.
The pulse generators developed for the actuation of
high-voltage dischargers allow us to synchronize the
operation of the REB accelerator “TEMP-B”. Fig. 7
shows the oscillogram for the total magnetic field inten-
sity distribution along the acceleration column axis with
an actuation of the two solenoids and the VPG trigger-
ing pulse is sent at the maximum intensity in magnetic
systems.
Fig. 7. Oscillogram for control pulses and the total
magnetic field intensity distribution along
the acceleration column axis
In Fig. 7, beam 1 is the total magnetic field intensity
distribution along the acceleration column axis, beam 2
is the first solenoid triggering pulse, beam 3 is the sec-
ond solenoid triggering pulse, beam 4 is the VPG trig-
gering pulse.
The synchronizing device control pulses provide se-
ries actuation of the high-voltage dischargers of mag-
netic systems and the high-voltage dischargers of the
generator of pulse voltages are actuated at the time of a
maximum intensity of the magnetic field.
CONCLUSIONS
The pulse generators developed for the actuation of
the high-voltage dischargers of magnetic systems and
high-voltage dischargers of the generators of pulse volt-
ages enable the generation of an appropriate triggering
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2021. № 4(134) 38
pulse required for the stable operation of actuating dis-
chargers.
The circuit suggested for the generator of triggering
pulses enables the creation of a simple device for trig-
gering pulses with a low-voltage storage capacitor and it
permits the use of standard semiconductor devices and
allows us to shorten the uptime.
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Article received 16.06.2021
ГЕНЕРАТОРЫ ИМПУЛЬСОВ ЗАПУСКА ВЫСОКОВОЛЬТНЫХ РАЗРЯДНИКОВ
ДЛЯ МАГНИТНЫХ СИСТЕМ И ГЕНЕРАТОРА ИМПУЛЬСНЫХ НАПРЯЖЕНИЙ УСКОРИТЕЛЯ
РЕЛЯТИВИСТСКИХ ЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ ПУЧКОВ «ТЕМП-Б»
А.Б. Батраков, А.А. Зинченко, Ю.Ф. Лонин, А.Г. Пономарев, С.И. Федотов
Разработаны генераторы импульсов для запуска высоковольтных разрядников магнитных систем и гене-
ратора импульсных напряжений ускорителя релятивистских электронных пучков (РЭП) «ТЕМП-Б». Приве-
дено описание генераторов и рассмотрена их работа с разрядниками, спроектированными в ННЦ ХФТИ,
которые используются в системах коммутации конденсаторных батарей с энергетическим запасом от 60 до
150 кДж. Генераторы обеспечивают получение импульсов напряжения с амплитудой до 20 кВ.
ГЕНЕРАТОРИ ІМПУЛЬСІВ ЗАПУСКУ ВИСОКОВОЛЬТНИХ РОЗРЯДНИКІВ ДЛЯ МАГНІТНИХ
СИСТЕМ І ГЕНЕРАТОРА ІМПУЛЬСНИХ НАПРУГ ПРИСКОРЮВАЧА РЕЛЯТИВІСТСЬКИХ
ЕЛЕКТРОННИХ ПУЧКІВ «ТЕМП-Б»
О.Б. Батраков, А.А. Зінченко, Ю.Ф. Лонін, А.Г. Пономарьов, С.І. Федотов
Розроблено генератори імпульсів для запуску високовольтних розрядників магнітних систем і генератора
імпульсних напруг прискорювача релятивістських електронних пучків (РЕП) «ТЕМП-Б». Приведено опис
генераторів і розглянута їх робота з розрядниками, спроектованими в ННЦ ХФТІ, які використовуються в
системах комутації конденсаторних батарей з енергетичним запасом від 60 до 150 кДж. Генератори забезпе-
чують отримання імпульсів напруги з амплітудою до 20 кВ.
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