Synergism and antagonism of influence low dose radiation and environment on health of population in Ukraine
The genesis of carcinogenic diseases is characterized by a multifactor dependence. The effect of low dose radiation in combination with environmental factors has a significant number of features. It was studied the influence of certain features of the environment and the mental state of the person (...
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| Cite this: | Synergism and antagonism of influence low dose radiation and environment on health of population in Ukraine / N.P. Dikiy, E.P. Medvedeva // Problems of atomic science and technology. — 2019. — № 3. — С. 53-59. — Бібліогр.: 19 назв. — англ. |
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Dikiy, N.P. Medvedeva, E.P. 2023-12-03T14:07:44Z 2023-12-03T14:07:44Z 2019 Synergism and antagonism of influence low dose radiation and environment on health of population in Ukraine / N.P. Dikiy, E.P. Medvedeva // Problems of atomic science and technology. — 2019. — № 3. — С. 53-59. — Бібліогр.: 19 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 87.19.xj; 87.23.Cc; 87.53.Ay https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/195142 The genesis of carcinogenic diseases is characterized by a multifactor dependence. The effect of low dose radiation in combination with environmental factors has a significant number of features. It was studied the influence of certain features of the environment and the mental state of the person (affect) on the development of the incidence of carcinogenic diseases of the population in Ukraine. Given the various adverse environmental conditions, the effect of radiation in low doses can be enhanced or weakened. Synergism and antagonism of the effect of low dose radiation and environment on the health of the population are discussed. Виникнення канцерогенних захворювань характеризується багатофакторною залежністю. Вплив малих доз радіації в поєднанні з факторами навколишнього середовища має значну кількість особливостей. Було вивчено вплив деяких особливостей навколишнього середовища і психічного стану людини (афекту) на розвиток захворюваності канцерогенними хворобами населення України. Виявлено залежність захворюваності канцерогенними хворобами від природних і побутових умов населення. Обговорюються також синергізм і антагонізм впливу малих доз радіації і різних екологічних факторів на розглянуті параметри. Возникновение канцерогенных заболеваний характеризуется многофакторной зависимостью. Влияние малых доз радиации в сочетании с факторами окружающей среды имеет значительное количество особенностей. Было изучено влияние некоторых особенностей окружающей среды и психического состояния человека (аффекта) на развитие заболеваемости канцерогенными болезнями населения Украины. Выявлена зависимость заболеваемости канцерогенными болезнями от природных и бытовых условий населения. Обсуждаются также синергизм и антагонизм влияния малых доз радиации и различных экологических факторов на рассматриваемые параметры. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Nuclear-physical methods and processing of data Synergism and antagonism of influence low dose radiation and environment on health of population in Ukraine Синергізм і антагонізм впливу малих доз радіації та навколишнього середовища на здоров'я населення України Синергизм и антагонизм влияния малых доз радиации и окружающей среды на здоровье населения Украины Article published earlier |
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Synergism and antagonism of influence low dose radiation and environment on health of population in Ukraine |
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Synergism and antagonism of influence low dose radiation and environment on health of population in Ukraine Dikiy, N.P. Medvedeva, E.P. Nuclear-physical methods and processing of data |
| title_short |
Synergism and antagonism of influence low dose radiation and environment on health of population in Ukraine |
| title_full |
Synergism and antagonism of influence low dose radiation and environment on health of population in Ukraine |
| title_fullStr |
Synergism and antagonism of influence low dose radiation and environment on health of population in Ukraine |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Synergism and antagonism of influence low dose radiation and environment on health of population in Ukraine |
| title_sort |
synergism and antagonism of influence low dose radiation and environment on health of population in ukraine |
| author |
Dikiy, N.P. Medvedeva, E.P. |
| author_facet |
Dikiy, N.P. Medvedeva, E.P. |
| topic |
Nuclear-physical methods and processing of data |
| topic_facet |
Nuclear-physical methods and processing of data |
| publishDate |
2019 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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Article |
| title_alt |
Синергізм і антагонізм впливу малих доз радіації та навколишнього середовища на здоров'я населення України Синергизм и антагонизм влияния малых доз радиации и окружающей среды на здоровье населения Украины |
| description |
The genesis of carcinogenic diseases is characterized by a multifactor dependence. The effect of low dose radiation in combination with environmental factors has a significant number of features. It was studied the influence of certain features of the environment and the mental state of the person (affect) on the development of the incidence of carcinogenic diseases of the population in Ukraine. Given the various adverse environmental conditions, the effect of radiation in low doses can be enhanced or weakened. Synergism and antagonism of the effect of low dose radiation and environment on the health of the population are discussed.
Виникнення канцерогенних захворювань характеризується багатофакторною залежністю. Вплив малих доз радіації в поєднанні з факторами навколишнього середовища має значну кількість особливостей. Було вивчено вплив деяких особливостей навколишнього середовища і психічного стану людини (афекту) на розвиток захворюваності канцерогенними хворобами населення України. Виявлено залежність захворюваності канцерогенними хворобами від природних і побутових умов населення. Обговорюються також синергізм і антагонізм впливу малих доз радіації і різних екологічних факторів на розглянуті параметри.
Возникновение канцерогенных заболеваний характеризуется многофакторной зависимостью. Влияние малых доз радиации в сочетании с факторами окружающей среды имеет значительное количество особенностей. Было изучено влияние некоторых особенностей окружающей среды и психического состояния человека (аффекта) на развитие заболеваемости канцерогенными болезнями населения Украины. Выявлена зависимость заболеваемости канцерогенными болезнями от природных и бытовых условий населения. Обсуждаются также синергизм и антагонизм влияния малых доз радиации и различных экологических факторов на рассматриваемые параметры.
|
| issn |
1562-6016 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/195142 |
| citation_txt |
Synergism and antagonism of influence low dose radiation and environment on health of population in Ukraine / N.P. Dikiy, E.P. Medvedeva // Problems of atomic science and technology. — 2019. — № 3. — С. 53-59. — Бібліогр.: 19 назв. — англ. |
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| fulltext |
SYNERGISM AND ANTAGONISM OF INFLUENCE LOW
DOSE RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENT ON HEALTH OF
POPULATION IN UKRAINE
N.P.Dikiy1,2∗, E.P.Medvedeva1,2
1National Science Center "Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology", 61108, Kharkiv, Ukraine
2V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 61077, Kharkiv, Ukraine
(Received April 30, 2018)
The genesis of carcinogenic diseases is characterized by a multifactor dependence. The e�ect of low dose radiation
in combination with environmental factors has a signi�cant number of features. It was studied the in�uence of
certain features of the environment and the mental state of the person (a�ect) on the development of the incidence
of carcinogenic diseases of the population in Ukraine. Given the various adverse environmental conditions, the e�ect
of radiation in low doses can be enhanced or weakened. Synergism and antagonism of the e�ect of low dose radiation
and environment on the health of the population are discussed.
PACS: 87.19.xj; 87.23.Cc; 87.53.Ay
1. INTRODUCTION
The study of the e�ect of low dose radiation on
the human body in various natural conditions has
important scienti�c signi�cance and a number of im-
portant features. Several decades ago, we did not
attach the necessary importance to the environmen-
tal threat. At present, the problem of environmental
pollution is extremely urgent, leads to negative and
irreversible changes in the state of human health.
In natural conditions, increased radioactivity acts
as a radioecological factor. The interaction of this
factor with the human body is complex, diverse and
speci�c for each biogeocenosis. An increased radia-
tion background for each biogeocenosis is created by
a diverse composition and di�erent concentration of
radionuclides. Natural radioactive elements such as
U, Th, Ra, etc. have di�erent physical characteristics
and therefore create a complex spectrum of e�ects
(short- and long-lived, solid and gaseous α, β and
γ-emitters). As a result, a person undergoes com-
bined external and internal irradiation with various
radionuclides, which are accumulated in the organ-
ism.
But the most important is that in natural condi-
tions, in addition to the action of low doses of the
human organism, the e�ect of various environmental
factors of non-radiation nature (temperature, humid-
ity, and other habitats) is inevitably superimposed.
As a rule, environmental factors are di�erent in each
biogeocenosis and therefore they are able to greatly
enhance or weaken the biological e�ect of radiation
factors. Even low levels of radiation (α, β and γ-
emitters), which are classi�ed as low doses, can accu-
mulate in environmental objects (soil, water, plants)
[1-3] and subsequently have a negative impact on the
human body. Therefore, the problem of low doses is
actual and has not been su�ciently studied so far.
To assess the e�ect of low doses of radiation on
the human organism, taking into account a com-
plex of environmental factors, plus unbalanced nu-
trition, pathological processes, etc., it is necessary to
develop methodological approaches [4]. One possi-
ble approach may be to estimate the balance of the
mineral pro�le, which is the most sensitive and early
diagnosed metabolic disturbance index. The deter-
mination of a group of biomarker elements in vari-
ous functional systems of the human organism plays
an important role in complex biochemical processes.
It is known that macro- and microelements have a
wide spectrum of synergistic and antagonistic rela-
tionships, on the one hand, and interaction with the
signaling systems of the organism, on the other.
Pollution of the environment by heavy metals
causes various toxic states in the human organism
and develops an element de�cit of such vital ele-
ments as Mg, Zn, Fe, Se, Cu, etc. Heavy metals
act as antagonists of these elements and can cause
disturbances of the mineral balances. For example, a
high content of Pb in hair in 70% of cases was com-
bined with a low content of its antagonists Zn and
Ca. This imbalance led to the appearance of various
psychopathological disorders, neurosis-like syndrome,
etc. Japanese scientist M. Nishimuta showed that
the formation of intracellular de�ciency of elements
such as Ca, Zn, Se, Mn, Fe plays an important role
∗Corresponding author E-mail address: ndikiy@kipt.kharkov.ua
ISSN 1562-6016. PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2019, N3(121).
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (71), p.53-59.
53
in the pathogenesis of diseases such as osteoporosis,
Alzheimer's, various kinds of oncological diseases [5].
The established fact is that ionizing radiation,
chemical carcinogens, oncogenic viruses, etc. are in-
hibitors of the body's immunological reactivity. In
this case, the role of macro- and microelements in
the regulation of antitumor immunity is extremely
topical.
The central problem of modern oncology is the un-
derstanding and registration at the level of the min-
eral pro�le of the di�erences in the benign and malig-
nant phenotype of the cell. In our works [6], a signif-
icant di�erence in the isotopic ratio of 44Ca/48Ca in
normal, benign, malignant tissues and paratumour of
the thyroid gland was shown (Fig.1). These results
correlated with data on the level of free radical perox-
ide oxidation and the determination of highly reactive
forms of oxygen (singlet oxygen 1O2, hydroxyl radi-
cal OH−) at the level of cell membranes. As a result
of exposure to various carcinogens, there is a distur-
bance in the balanced interaction of cellular compo-
nents: between the number of oxidation substrates,
oxygen concentrations, free radicals, antioxidants, re-
oxidation products, etc., relative to the rate of inten-
sity of these processes. As a result, the cell passes
into a di�erent stable state.
1 2 3 4
0
1
2
3
R
a
tio
4
4
C
a
/4
8
C
a
,
re
l.
u
n
its
In
te
n
si
ty
o
f
fr
e
e
r
a
d
ic
a
l,
im
p
u
ls
e
*2
0
0
0
/s
1 - normal, 2 - paratumour, 3 - non-malignannt, 4 - malignant
- Intensity of free radical
- Ratio 44Ca/48Ca
0
1
2
3
Fig.1. The intensity of induced chemiluminescence
and isotopic ratio 44Ca/48Ca of homogenates of
normal tissue, paratumour, non-malignant and
malignant tissue
In addition, structures functioning in the cell
membranes provide for the entry of Ca2+ into the
cytoplasm along the gradient of its concentration
(Ca2+-channels), as well as the active Ca2+ transport
system against the concentration gradient. The in-
consistent functioning of the passive and active trans-
port systems of Ca2+ through the plasma and intra-
cellular membranes has been demonstrated [7,8] on
a statistically representative material in children (10-
12 years) with the initial stages of osteopenia and
osteoporosis.
The lifestyle choices have a substantial e�ect
on the risk of developing many common cancers.
Increasing evidence indicates that comprehensive
lifestyle changes could prevent cancer progression,
and it is, therefore, crucial that public health mea-
sures are strengthened to better promote these in-
terventions as part of a more holistic approach to
cancer control. The interplay between immunity
and diet, lifestyle, environmental, in�ammatory and
metabolomic factors, and the multi-biome (including
viruses and protozoa) have important implications for
prevention cancer [9].
The aim of the work is to assess the e�ect of low
doses radiation in combination with environmental
factors on the development of some pathologies of
the population in Ukraine.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was based on material sites of Medical
Statistics of Ukraine, WHO and the statistics, which
published in specialized journals of the inventory of
cancer in Ukraine from 1976 to 2016 yr., and overall
infant mortality, as well as statistics on Ukrstat air
pollution. Also were used data from the State Forest
Resources Agency of Ukraine.
Correlation and regression analysis were calcu-
lated by standard programs Mathcad 14, time series
analysis was calculated by program Statistica 6.0.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
To understand the in�uence of factors of low-
intensity radiation and environmental on the health
of the population, various studies have been carried
out. Radiosensitivity of biosystems to incorporated
radionuclides (137Cs, 90Sr, 235U, 232Th, 226Ra, 40K,
etc.) in any case leads to the appearance of various
changes at the cell level. At present, the carcinogenic
e�ect of radiation is no longer in doubt. There is a
fact of di�erent mechanisms of formation of antitu-
mor immunity in di�erent individuals. As there is no
doubt and the fact of di�erent mechanisms of forma-
tion of antitumor immunity in di�erent individuals.
In the literary sources of recent decades, a lot of data
has been accumulated on these questions, which are
very diverse.
In recent years, there have been violations of evo-
lutionary chemical equilibria on the earth and they
are of a large regional or global nature. Such changes,
especially clearly manifested in the last 50 years, are
due to human activities. These include the drying
up of forests surrounding the major industrial cities,
the "bloom" of lakes and reservoirs, the waters of
which acquire a speci�c smell and often become com-
pletely unsuitable for drinking, the deterioration of
the quality of river waters which lost their former
transparency and become more like gutters, num-
ber of birds that had previously �lled the forests
and meadows. Another visible sign of the negative
changes was a sharp increase in allergic diseases in
children. Physicians and toxicologists will add to
this the "rejuvenation" of many dangerous diseases,
54
changes in the physiological state and behavior of
men - their feminization and demaskulination. Many
diseases are now endemic, which in most cases is due
to the presence of local sources of chemical pollution.
Behind all this lies the changes in chemical pro-
cesses in the human environment and the natural en-
vironment. Most of them are associated with the
inevitable in the conditions of continuous population
growth with increasing human interference in natu-
ral biosphere processes by means of pollution of air,
water and soil by various kinds of chemicals-waste
products and synthesis products.
The most important biogenic component of the
atmosphere is isoprene. It is believed that the emis-
sion of isoprene (like ethylene) increases many times
under stress conditions � with tissue damage, dur-
ing drought, etc. Also, we can de�nitely talk about
the physiological and biocenotic functions of terpene
hydrocarbons and their derivatives [10].
20 40
200
250
300
350
400
450
m
or
bi
di
ty
/1
05
forest cover
female14
male14
Fig.2. The incidence of cancer of man and women
in Ukraine depending on the level of forest cover
0 20 40 60
3
6
9
forest cover, %
m
or
bi
di
ty
/1
05
lung 2014 female
Fig.3. Morbidity of lung cancer of the population in
Ukraine depending on the level of forest cover
The forest contributes greatly to the puri�cation
of atmospheric air from soot, smoke, and dust, pre-
vents their further spread, weakens the e�ect of other
harmful impurities. Green plantations can adsorb to
70...80% of aerosols and dust. The deciduous planta-
tions, then coniferous-deciduous and, �nally, conifer-
ous, most e�ectively purify the air from unfavorable
gaseous impurities. The willow, poplar and ash trees
are able to absorb 200...250 grams of chlorine dur-
ing the vegetative period, and shrubs � 100...150 g.
It is established that the largest amount of lead was
accumulated by leaves of horse chestnut, maple leaf:
600...800 and 300mg/kg of dry matter, respectively.
Among volatile organic compounds are particu-
larly important phytoncides � substances that are
destructive of insects, bacteria, fungi, other microor-
ganisms. Trees show the high activity of phytoncides
in relation to air microorganisms, hemolytic strepto-
coccus, Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. Also, phy-
toncides are produced by juniper, walnut, dogrose,
eucalyptus, etc. It is known that 1 ha of deciduous
forest secures 2...3 kg of volatile organic substances
per day and 1 ha of coniferous � 5 kg; 1 hectare of ju-
niper bushes allocates 30 kg of phytoncides per day,
which are su�cient for disinfecting the air of a large
city. In the forest, 1m3 of air contains, on the av-
erage, no more than 500 pathogenic bacteria, and in
the city � more than 36 thousand. Volatile phyton-
cides of pine needles kill infusoria for 10...15min, �r
needles - after 5 and cedar � after 15min, the aqueous
solution from the needles of these trees kills protozoa
during seconds.
It is established that most plants act selectively:
phytoncides of oak leaves and poplar kill causative
agents of dysentery, �r needles - diphtheria, pine - tu-
berculosis, etc. Phytoncides, allocated by forest plan-
tations, have a bene�cial e�ect on the nervous system
of man. Phytoncides are activating the most impor-
tant physiological processes in an organism. The phy-
toncides heal the air, and they are rightly called the
vitamins of the atmosphere. It is noticed that in the
young pine forest the air almost does not contain bac-
teria.
A great di�culty is �nding out the patterns of in-
teraction of the incidence of various forms of cancer
in men and women, depending on environmental con-
ditions, for example, the density of green plantations.
In Fig.2 shows the dependence of the incidence of var-
ious forms of cancer in men and women. It can be
seen that oncological morbidity for men and women
has the same tendency. The number of cases of can-
cer morbidity falls as there is a higher percentage of
greening the environment. It is, of course, di�cult to
explain these results. But a similar trend is also found
for individual types of cancer (lung cancer and breast
cancer). In Fig.3 the dependence of cases of lung can-
cer morbidity on the density of green plantations is
presented. The "modern tuberculosis", chronic bron-
chitis, tobacco smoke, asbestos, etc. stimulate the ap-
pearance of peripheral lung cancer very often. There
is an opinion that ∼90% of lung cancer cases are
caused by smoking. Among chronically ill with tu-
berculosis, the incidence of lung cancer has increased
in few times [11]. The in�uence of exo-and endocar-
cinogens under conditions of hypoxia due to air pol-
55
lution, especially in the urban zone, creates favorable
conditions for the transformation of cells in the scar
with impaired blood circulation. Scar develops lo-
cal immunosuppression, and favorable conditions for
the development of cancerous proliferative cells are
created. Violation of the proliferation and di�erenti-
ation of cells in the lung tissue leads to cancer. Thus,
the complex relations exist between a human organ-
ism and environment. They include the reaction of an
organism to tumoral processes and in�uence of a tu-
mor to an organism. Only the immune system of the
organism can react to the emergence of transformed
cells in the organism. Environmental conditions play
a key role and are the basis for protecting the or-
ganism from the development of the tumor process.
0 20 40 60
35
42
49
breast, 2014
m
or
di
bi
ty
b
re
as
t,
pe
r 1
05
forest cover, %
Fig.4. Morbidity of breast cancer of women living
in Ukraine, depending on the level of forest cover
In Fig.4 the dependence of cases of breast can-
cer depending on the density of green plantations is
presented. There is a similar tendency. In this case,
other mechanisms of interaction between the organ-
ism and the environment are included. Such inter-
action may be synergistic, additional, inhibitory or
even lead to the formation of a new unknown e�ect.
The organism's response to the action of exogenous
and endogenous factors, apparently, leads to the ac-
tivation of internal metabolic processes, with the for-
mation of feedback. Violation of such autoregulatory
mechanisms can lead to malignancy or other struc-
tural changes in the tissue or organ. It is known [12]
that the mammary glands contain epidermal growth
factor, which plays an important role in the process
of carcinogenesis.
In Fig.5, the dependence of osteotropic cancers of
women depending on the density of green plantations
is shown. This dependence clearly demonstrates that
this type of morbidity does not depend on this envi-
ronmental factor. Osteotropic cancer is characterized
by defects in �brous structures, the main substance
of connective tissue, "speci�c" metabolic reactions,
and a peculiar microelement balance. The imbalance
of elements such as B, Zn, Ca, Ni, which are involved
in the exchange of connective tissue, is usually mani-
fested by the excessive accumulation of Sr. Stable Sr
with its high intake into the organism causes dam-
age and deformation of the joints and other disorders
that can develop malignant tumors of bones. The
literature data indicate that Sr is a biologically im-
portant element that plays an important role in the
processes of bone formation with insu�cient Ca in
the environment. The increased content of stable Sr
is relevant for large industrial regions. Sr initially
compensates for Ca in the bones, and its further ac-
cumulation leads to the development of osteopenic
disorders, which are often detected in almost 93% of
osteotropic cancers. The main factors in the appear-
ance of the tumor process are, apparently, calcium
interactions, in particular, an increase in the concen-
tration of Ca2+ on the surface of cells and an increase
in the cellular charge.
0 20 40 60
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
m
or
bi
di
ty
/1
05
forest cover, %
female bone 2014
Fig.5. Incidence of cancer of the bones of women
living in Ukraine, depending on the forest cover
2 4 6
150
200
250
300
m
or
bi
di
ty
, p
er
1
05
heavy and extremely heavy crimes, per 105
male 2014
female 2014
Fig.6. Morbidity of cancer diseases of the
population of Ukraine depending on a grave and
extremely serious crimes
Also, environmental pollution a�ects mental ill-
ness. It is known that the e�ects of air pollution on
cardiovascular health and lung diseases like asthma
are well established, but this area of brain health is a
newer area of research. The University of Washing-
ton studied for a direct connection between toxic air
and psychological distress [13]. Especially dangerous
crimes, apparently, can also be attributed to mental
56
illnesses. In this regard, it should be noted that dis-
eases of cancer and particularly dangerous criminal
o�enses have a common cause, which, apparently, is
due to the impact of adverse factors on a central ner-
vous system. Air pollution, too, has been associated
with behavior changes � spending less time outside,
for instance, or leading a more sedentary lifestyle �
that can be related to psychological distress or social
isolation.
One of the reasons for the growth of mental ill-
nesses is intoxication (or autointoxication), caused
by compounds that pollute the environment. Char-
acteristic for the biochemical syndrome of intoxica-
tion are violations of biochemical neutralizing syn-
theses - the synthesis of rhodanous compounds, of
glutamine, the synthesis of paired glucuronic and es-
terosulfuric acids, of methylation products. With the
syndrome of intoxication, many detoxi�cation prod-
ucts are formed (detoxi�cation). However, with pro-
longed intoxication, their synthesis begins to decrease
(damage to the liver and other organs, where detoxi-
�cation occurs), and the amount of toxic substances
increases.
2 4 6
0
20
40
60
m
or
bi
di
ty
, p
er
1
05
heavy and extremely heavy crimes, per 105
lung 2014 female
lung 2014 male
Fig.7. Morbidity of lung cancer in Ukraine,
depending on a grave and extremely serious crimes
Macro and micro elements are also biologically ac-
tive ingredients of the nervous tissue and the chemical
basis of the central nervous system. The disruption of
the exchange of macro- and microelements (Na, Ca,
K, Al, Mg, Zn, Se, Mn, Co, Cu) plays an important
role in the pathogenesis of the neurological pro�le.
Recently, a lot of information has appeared on the
signi�cance of Mg in the functioning of the nervous
system. Disorders of higher nervous activity are ac-
companied by changes in the transmembrane trans-
port of ions, primarily Mg. De�ciency of Mg leads to
behavioral disorders, hyperactivity, impulsivity. In a
state of stress, the excretion of Mg from the organism
by the hormones adrenaline and cortisone increases.
The Mg de�ciency correlates with an excess of other
neurotoxic elements Pb, Al, Cd, Ni, Cr, Se. At the
same time, the content of Fe, Na, Cu in concentra-
tions exceeding the physiological threshold, acquire
the properties of neurotoxic elements. Psychopathic
conditions are often accompanied by the presence of
toxic products such as ammonia, uric acid. The dis-
turbance of oxidation-reduction processes is an im-
portant link in various psychopathological symptoms.
In general, this may be due to the restriction of O2
intake. Oxygen starvation refers to signi�cant dis-
orders of the central nervous system. N.M. Emanuel
[14] showed that during oxidation-reduction reactions
various inhibitors appear in the form of free radical
compounds (OH−, H3O
+, H2O2), i.e. the same rad-
icals as under radiation irradiation. These radicals
have an inhibitory e�ect on oxidative enzymes cata-
lase, peroxidase, dehydrogenase, and oxidase. This
group of enzymes contains Fe, Cu in its structure.
2 4 6
30
40
50
crime 2013
m
or
bi
di
ty
o
f b
re
as
t,
20
13
heavy and extremely heavy crimes, per 105
Fig.8. Morbidity of breast cancer of the Ukrainian
population, depending on a grave and extremely
serious crimes
400 600 800
2
4
6
he
av
y
an
d
ex
tr
em
el
y
he
av
y
cr
im
es
, p
er
1
05
crimes 2011
rain, mm
Fig.9. The number of heavy and extremely heavy
crimes in Ukraine, depending on annual
precipitation
We can not give a correct assessment of the role
of these disorders in the pathogenesis of mental disor-
ders. But, apparently, we can say that in the organ-
ism of such individuals there are grounds by which
57
psychopathological manifestations arise [15-17]. Psy-
choemotional states of a healthy person and a pa-
tient with mental illnesses cannot be explained solely
by physiological concepts. But the formation of a
personality under conditions of a certain psychologi-
cal situation and social environment ultimately leads
some individuals to borderlines.
Figs.6-8 shows the dependence of the general in-
cidence of cancer in men and women, lung cancer,
and breast cancer versus heavy and extremely heavy
crimes, respectively. It can be seen that with the in-
crease in heavy and extremely heavy crimes, the inci-
dence of cancer is also increasing. The e�ect of toxic
compounds can be con�rmed by Fig.9, which shows
a decrease in heavy and extremely heavy crimes with
an increase in annual precipitation. Rains "scavenge"
away toxic compounds from the air.
These results con�rm the complexity of the pos-
sibility of interpretation in these pathological condi-
tions. But one can de�nitely say that these patholog-
ical conditions are one of the main national problems
[17-19].
4. CONCLUSIONS
A methodological approach was developed to as-
sess the e�ect of low radiation doses and adverse
environmental factors on the basis of biomarker
determination-the content of the mineral pro�le and
the level of products of a free radical nature.
The changes in chemical processes in the human
environment and the environment take place on the
earth. Most of them are associated with increasing
human interference in natural biosphere processes by
means of pollution of air, water, and soil by various
kinds of chemicals. Environmental pollution a�ects
mental illness. Also, especially dangerous crimes, ap-
parently, can be attributed to mental illnesses. In this
regard, it should be noted that diseases of cancer and
particularly dangerous criminal o�enses have a com-
mon cause, which, apparently, is due to the impact
of adverse factors on the higher nervous system.
Pollution of the environment signi�cantly a�ects
the health of the population. Therefore, di�erences in
the level of pollution cause di�erent degrees of cancer
in various regions in Ukraine.
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ÑÈÍÅÐÃÈÇÌ È ÀÍÒÀÃÎÍÈÇÌ ÂËÈßÍÈß ÌÀËÛÕ ÄÎÇ ÐÀÄÈÀÖÈÈ
È ÎÊÐÓÆÀÞÙÅÉ ÑÐÅÄÛ ÍÀ ÇÄÎÐÎÂÜÅ ÍÀÑÅËÅÍÈß ÓÊÐÀÈÍÛ
Í.Ï.Äèêèé, Å.Ï.Ìåäâåäåâà
Âîçíèêíîâåíèå êàíöåðîãåííûõ çàáîëåâàíèé õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ ìíîãîôàêòîðíîé çàâèñèìîñòüþ. Âëèÿíèå
ìàëûõ äîç ðàäèàöèè â ñî÷åòàíèè ñ ôàêòîðàìè îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû èìååò çíà÷èòåëüíîå êîëè÷åñòâî îñî-
áåííîñòåé. Áûëî èçó÷åíî âëèÿíèå íåêîòîðûõ îñîáåííîñòåé îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû è ïñèõè÷åñêîãî ñîñòîÿ-
íèÿ ÷åëîâåêà (àôôåêòà) íà ðàçâèòèå çàáîëåâàåìîñòè êàíöåðîãåííûìè áîëåçíÿìè íàñåëåíèÿ Óêðàèíû.
Âûÿâëåíà çàâèñèìîñòü çàáîëåâàåìîñòè êàíöåðîãåííûìè áîëåçíÿìè îò ïðèðîäíûõ è áûòîâûõ óñëîâèé
íàñåëåíèÿ. Îáñóæäàþòñÿ òàêæå ñèíåðãèçì è àíòàãîíèçì âëèÿíèÿ ìàëûõ äîç ðàäèàöèè è ðàçëè÷íûõ
ýêîëîãè÷åñêèõ ôàêòîðîâ íà ðàññìàòðèâàåìûå ïàðàìåòðû.
ÑÈÍÅÐÃIÇÌ I ÀÍÒÀÃÎÍIÇÌ ÂÏËÈÂÓ ÌÀËÈÕ ÄÎÇ ÐÀÄIÀÖI�
ÒÀ ÍÀÂÊÎËÈØÍÜÎÃÎ ÑÅÐÅÄÎÂÈÙÀ ÍÀ ÇÄÎÐÎÂ'ß ÍÀÑÅËÅÍÍß ÓÊÐÀ�ÍÈ
Ì.Ï.Äèêèé, Î.Ï.Ìåäâåä¹âà
Âèíèêíåííÿ êàíöåðîãåííèõ çàõâîðþâàíü õàðàêòåðèçó¹òüñÿ áàãàòîôàêòîðíîþ çàëåæíiñòþ. Âïëèâ ìà-
ëèõ äîç ðàäiàöi¨ â ïî¹äíàííi ç ôàêòîðàìè íàâêîëèøíüîãî ñåðåäîâèùà ì๠çíà÷íó êiëüêiñòü îñîáëè-
âîñòåé. Áóëî âèâ÷åíî âïëèâ äåÿêèõ îñîáëèâîñòåé íàâêîëèøíüîãî ñåðåäîâèùà i ïñèõi÷íîãî ñòàíó ëþ-
äèíè (àôåêòó) íà ðîçâèòîê çàõâîðþâàíîñòi êàíöåðîãåííèìè õâîðîáàìè íàñåëåííÿ Óêðà¨íè. Âèÿâëåíî
çàëåæíiñòü çàõâîðþâàíîñòi êàíöåðîãåííèìè õâîðîáàìè âiä ïðèðîäíèõ i ïîáóòîâèõ óìîâ íàñåëåííÿ. Îá-
ãîâîðþþòüñÿ òàêîæ ñèíåðãiçì i àíòàãîíiçì âïëèâó ìàëèõ äîç ðàäiàöi¨ i ðiçíèõ åêîëîãi÷íèõ ôàêòîðiâ íà
ðîçãëÿíóòi ïàðàìåòðè.
59
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