Wakefields and drive electron bunches dynamics in three-zone dielectric resonator at asymmetrical injection
A numerical study of the wakefield excitation in a rectangular dielectric-loaded resonator by a sequence of relativistic electron bunches in the case of non-axial injection is carried out. The effect of the shift of injected bunches on the particle dynamics, as well as on the spatial distribution of...
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| Zitieren: | Wakefields and drive electron bunches dynamics in three-zone dielectric resonator at asymmetrical injection / K.V. Galaydych, R.R. Kniaziev, G.A. Krivonosov, I.N. Onishchenko, G.V. Sotnikov // Problems of atomic science and technology. — 2019. — № 6. — С. 58-62. — Бібліогр.: 18 назв. — англ. |
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| author | Galaydych, K.V. Kniaziev, R.R. Krivonosov, G.A. Onishchenko, I.N. Sotnikov, G.V. |
| author_facet | Galaydych, K.V. Kniaziev, R.R. Krivonosov, G.A. Onishchenko, I.N. Sotnikov, G.V. |
| citation_txt | Wakefields and drive electron bunches dynamics in three-zone dielectric resonator at asymmetrical injection / K.V. Galaydych, R.R. Kniaziev, G.A. Krivonosov, I.N. Onishchenko, G.V. Sotnikov // Problems of atomic science and technology. — 2019. — № 6. — С. 58-62. — Бібліогр.: 18 назв. — англ. |
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| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | A numerical study of the wakefield excitation in a rectangular dielectric-loaded resonator by a sequence of relativistic electron bunches in the case of non-axial injection is carried out. The effect of the shift of injected bunches on the particle dynamics, as well as on the spatial distribution of the components of the bunch-excited fields, is studied. The current losses of a sequence of relativistic electron bunches due to the particles deposition on the surface of the dielectric is determined.
Проведено числове дослідження збудження кільватерного поля в прямокутному діелектричному резонаторі послідовністю релятивістських електронних згустків за умови асиметричної інжекції. Вивчено вплив зсуву згустків, що інжектуються, на динаміку частинок, а також на просторовий розподіл компонент електромагнітного поля, що збуджується. Визначено втрати струму послідовності електронних згустків внаслідок осадження частинок згустків на поверхню діелектрика.
Проведено численное исследование возбуждения кильватерного поля в прямоугольном диэлектрическом резонаторе последовательностью релятивистских электронных сгустков в случае несимметричной инжекции. Изучено влияние сдвига инжектируемых сгустков на динамику частиц, а также на пространственное распределение компонент возбуждаемого электромагнитного поля. Определены потери тока последовательности электронных сгустков вследствие осаждения частиц на поверхность диэлектрика.
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ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2019. №6(124) 58
WAKEFIELDS AND DRIVE ELECTRON BUNCHES DYNAMICS
IN THREE-ZONE DIELECTRIC RESONATOR
AT ASYMMETRICAL INJECTION
K.V. Galaydych, R.R. Kniaziev, G.A. Krivonosov, I.N. Onishchenko, G.V. Sotnikov
National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Kharkiv, Ukraine
E-mail: galaydych@kipt.kharkov.ua
A numerical study of the wakefield excitation in a rectangular dielectric-loaded resonator by a sequence of rela-
tivistic electron bunches in the case of non-axial injection is carried out. The effect of the shift of injected bunches
on the particle dynamics, as well as on the spatial distribution of the components of the bunch-excited fields, is stud-
ied. The current losses of a sequence of relativistic electron bunches due to the particles deposition on the surface of
the dielectric is determined.
PACS: 41.75.Lx, 41.60.-m, 41.75.Ht, 41.85.Ar
INTRODUCTION
Promising methods of charged particles acceleration,
theoretical and experimental studies of which are car-
ried out in many leading accelerating centers of the
world, include acceleration by the wakefields, excited
by the relativistic electron bunches in the dielectric
structures. There are several motivations for this. On the
one hand, the limits of electric field strength and power
level for traditional (conventional) acceleration schemes
have been reached. On the other hand, there are recent
advances in technology of artificial dielectric materials
manufacture capable of operating at high levels of high-
frequency breakdown, as well as advances in the for-
mation of high-charge short bunches. Dielectric wave-
guide structures can use these advances in order to
overcome the abovementioned problems to solve elec-
tromagnetic field excitation problems with both higher
field amplitude and frequency.
The simplest dielectric structure is a segment of a
cylindrical waveguide, which is partially filled by a ho-
mogeneous isotropic dielectric material with a vacuum
channel along its axis for charged particles passing. De-
spite the fact that high precision requirements are im-
posed in the manufacture and tuning of such structures,
most theoretical studies are devoted to such structures.
This fact is explained that the dispersion characteristics
of such structures, as well as the topography of the
components of the electric and magnetic fields of
eigenwaves, are well studied. Recently, more attention
has been paid to studies of accelerating structures hav-
ing planar and rectangular configurations, so-called
multizone dielectric structures with dielectric slabs and
vacuum channels for charged particles [1 - 9]. Planar
structures differ from rectangular ones in that their size
in one of the transverse directions significantly exceeds
the size in the other transverse direction. Such structures
have a number of technological advantages over cylin-
drical in manufacture and tuning. One of the advantages
of rectangular dielectric accelerating structures is that
the working mode in such a structure can be selected
with a symmetrical distribution of the longitudinal com-
ponent of the electric field in the transverse direction in
the vacuum channel. As a consequence, this reduces the
transverse forces acting on both the driver bunches and
a test bunch. This increases the efficiency of both the
excitation of the accelerating structure and further test
electron bunch acceleration.
One of the key issues of the accelerators develop-
ment is a transverse stability of the bunches. In the case
of dielectric wakefield accelerators, this issue is espe-
cially important because the electromagnetic field is
excited by the same bunches, not by an external high-
frequency source, as in conventional accelerators. As a
consequence of this instability, in addition to the bunch-
es parameters degradation (such as transverse size and
energy spread increasing, etc.), it is also possible a par-
ticles deposition on the dielectric surface. In turn, this
will lead to change in dielectric material parameters
and, as a consequence, the detuning of the Cherenkov
resonance conditions. An important case of transverse
instability is asymmetric bunch injection. Theoretical
studies of wakefields excitation in dielectric structures
under asymmetric electron bunches injection, carried
out so far, were performed in a waveguide problem
statement [10 - 13], without taking into account the fi-
nite length of the accelerating structure. In a resonator,
unlike a waveguide, all the bunches of regular sequence
are involved in the total electromagnetic field formation
and for the accumulation of electromagnetic field ener-
gy from a large number of bunches, that are regularly
injected, the most effective is the use of dielectric reso-
nators [14, 15]. Therefore, issues related to the effects,
affecting the transverse charged particles dynamics,
require detailed theoretical analysis for future recom-
mendations of appropriate dielectric accelerating reso-
nator structures experimental development. Foregoing
determines the relevance and necessity of the presented
theoretical studies.
1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The three-zone dielectric structure, the excitation of
which is planned in future experimental studies at
Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology, is a rec-
tangular metal resonator, parallel to one of the sides of
which dielectric slabs are placed. Overview of the struc-
ture under study is shown schematically in Fig. 1. The
resonator is a segment of a rectangular waveguide, the
ends of which are closed by metal grids. Electron
bunches are injected into the resonator vacuum channel.
We assume that the input and output of the resonator are
transparent for charged particles and non transparent for
the electromagnetic field, excited by the bunches.
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2019. №6(124) 59
Fig. 1. Overview of a dielectric rectangular resonator.
The metal coating, dielectric slabs, and electron bunch-
es (moving from left to right and exciting
the electromagnetic field) are shown schematically
The main goal of the simulations was to study the
dynamics of wakefields and drive relativistic electron
bunches (which excite the electromagnetic field) in the
case of their asymmetric injection with respect to the
axis of the structure (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2. Cross section of the dielectric resonator.
The location of the metal coating, dielectric slabs,
and electron bunch, injected with an offset, are shown
For numerical analysis the following parameters
were chosen. A bunch charge is 6.4 nC, an energy of
bunch electrons is 4.5 MeV, the bunch sizes: diameter is
1.0 cm, length is 1.88 cm. The offset of the bunches is
0.9 cm. The transverse parameters of the resonator are
as follows: the width of the resonator is 4.5 cm, the
height of the resonator is 9.0 cm; dielectric slabs thick-
ness is 0.82 cm; vacuum channel width is 2.86 сm; die-
lectric constant (teflon) ε = 2.051, magnetic constant
µ =1. The length of the resonator was chosen such that
it was equal to six wavelengths of a resonant with the
bunches eigenmode LM21 (the transverse distribution of
the axial component of which is symmetric in the vacu-
um channel), and was 31.92 cm. This choice of the pa-
rameters provided the conditions of a concept of reso-
nant wakefield accelerator [17]. For the PIC simulations
CST Particle Studio was used [18].
2. SIMULATION RESULTS
First of all a spectral analysis of the bunch-excited
electromagnetic field was performed. It is shown that in
the case of a single electron bunch, the spectrum of the
electromagnetic field is densely filled with many eigen
frequencies of the dielectric resonator (Fig. 3, right
plot). The wide frequency spectrum is the result of the
excitation of a large number of non-resonant frequen-
cies, which can be interpreted as a field of transient ra-
diation excited by an electron bunch during injection
and exit from the resonator. The largest amplitudes in
the spectrum correspond to the frequency of the LM21
mode, which is in resonance with the bunch and modes,
which are close to this frequency.
The bunch sequence by amplifying resonant mode
modes with frequencies close to multiple resonant fre-
quencies, and suppression of nonresonant modes, mon-
ochromatizes the spectrum of the field, excited in the
resonator (see left plot in Fig. 3).
Fig. 3. The spectrum of a longitudinal electric field,
excited by a sequence of 100 bunches (left).
The spectrum of a longitudinal electric field,
excited by the single electron bunch (right)
The distribution of the axial and transverse compo-
nents of the bunch-excited electric and magnetic fields,
both in the longitudinal (with respect to the direction of
the bunch motion) and in the transverse directions, was
obtained and analyzed as well.
Fig. 4. (top) Longitudinal and (bottom) transverse
distribution of the axial component of the electric field,
excited by the sequence of 100 electron bunches.
The vertical dashed lines indicate the position
of the dielectric slabs
Fig. 5. Transverse distribution of the transverse force
(perpendicular to the dielectric slabs) in the vacuum
channel, excited by the sequence of 100 electron bunches
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2019. №6(124) 60
Figs. 4 and 5 demonstrate the axial and transverse dis-
tribution of the longitudinal component of the electric
field, as well as the transverse distribution of the trans-
verse force, excited in the resonator by a sequence of 100
electron bunches for the cases of the on-axis injection,
and for the off-axis injection.
As the number of electron bunches injected into the
resonator increases, the amplitude of the electric field in
the resonator increases, and in the longitudinal and
transverse directions becomes more monotonic with
characteristic spatial periods of the resonant mode. In
this case, the electromagnetic field changes over time so
that the electron bunches remain in the decelerating
phases of the field, continuing to transfer it energy. The
increase of the amplitude of the electric field longitudi-
nal component in the case of asymmetric bunch injec-
tion is associated with an increase in the coupling be-
tween the resonance mode and the bunches (the reso-
nance mode amplitude is maximum at the dielectric
surface and minimum at the resonator axis). It can be
seen, that even for significant bunches offset (0.9 cm)
the spatial distribution of the field components stay al-
most the same (in comparison with on-axis injection). A
slight deformation of the profiles of the electromagnetic
field components is associated with the excitation of the
resonator oscillations with frequencies, that are multi-
ples of the repetition rate of the bunches.
The dynamics of drive bunches, injected off-axis,
was investigated in detail both in the transverse and
longitudinal directions. A comparison with the case of
on-axis injection was carried out as well. For a clear
understanding of the bunches dynamics Fig. 6 demon-
strates the position of the bunches in the vacuum chan-
nel for consecutive time moments. The positions of the
particles are given in the horizontal and vertical planes.
The first moment corresponds to the moment when the
last bunch of the sequence is fully injected into the res-
onator, the last – when this bunch reaches the exit of the
resonator. A characteristic feature of the working mode
of the resonator, on which is the excitation by the se-
quence of bunches, is the simultaneous focusing in one
transverse direction, and defocusing in another. In
which of two transverse directions is focusing, and in
which is defocusing depends on the phase of the particle
relative to the field of resonant mode of oscillation.
Fig. 6 shows that as the bunches pass along the resona-
tor vacuum channel, a part of each bunch is focused,
and another part is defocused in the respective trans-
verse directions.
The corresponding dynamics of the bunches (in the
horizontal plane only) in the case of off-axis injection is
shown in Fig. 7.
Compared to injection along the axis, there are no
qualitative differences in the bunches dynamics in the
vertical plane.
Significant qualitative differences take place only in
the horizontal plane. Because the bunch sequence en-
hances the resonant mode with symmetric (transverse)
field distribution, and suppresses modes with asymmet-
ric distribution, the bunches are not deflected as a whole
in the dielectric slabs direction. Due to focusing a sig-
nificant part of each bunch is back on the axis of the
resonator.
Fig. 6. Bunch particles dynamics in the horizontal plane
in the case of injection along the axis of the resonator
for six consecutive time moments after injection
of the last bunch of the sequence
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2019. №6(124) 61
Fig. 7. Bunch particles dynamics in the horizontal plane
in the case of asymmetric injection for six consecutive
time moments after injection of the last bunch
of the sequence
Fig. 7 demonstrates that the charge losses occur for
the bunch particles located on its periphery, therefore,
the bunches charge loss should not be significant.
As a quantitative characteristic of charge losses due
to the deposition of particles on the dielectric, the cur-
rent of the bunch sequence at the input of the resonator,
at its output, and on the surface of the dielectric slab
(towards which the bunches are shifted) was analyzed.
The corresponding dependencies are presented in Fig. 8.
Comparing the above currents, we can conclude that
current through the surface of the dielectric slab does
not tend to increase with time, that is, a gradual increase
in charge losses does not occur.
Fig. 8. Input current (top), current at the output
of the resonator (middle) and full current through
the surface of the dielectric slab (bottom)
The preliminary conclusion of this behavior is as
follows. This is due to the increasing sequence of reso-
nant mode with symmetric field distribution, and the
suppression of modes with asymmetric distribution,
which (in the case of their large excitation) make a ma-
jor contribution to the force that displaces electron
bunches as a whole.
CONCLUSIONS
A numerical study of the wakefield excitation in a
three-zone rectangular dielectric resonator with asym-
metric injection of a regular sequence of the relativistic
electron bunches was performed. The Fourier analysis
of the electromagnetic field, excited in the resonator,
showed that the maximum in the spectrum corresponds
to the resonant frequency of the bunch repetition, the
amplitudes of the higher modes are excited much weak-
er. It is shown that the presence of horizontal bunches
displacement does not significantly affect on the spatial
distribution of the electromagnetic field components,
excited in the resonator. The analysis of the transverse
dynamics of the electron bunches, as well as the current
analysis through the surface of the dielectric slabs,
demonstrated that the increase of current losses per die-
lectric slabs does not occur over time, and thus is not a
critical factor which requires high injection accuracy for
the future development of the resonant wakefield accel-
erator.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This work was supported by NAS of Ukraine, the
program "Perspective researches on plasma physics,
controlled thermonuclear fusion and plasma technolo-
gies" (Project P-1/63-2017), and by the Ukrainian budg-
et program "Support for the most important directions
of scientific researches" (КПКВК 6541230).
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Article received 28.10.2019
ДИНАМИКА КИЛЬВАТЕРНЫХ ПОЛЕЙ И ДРАЙВЕРНЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ СГУСТКОВ
В ТРЕХЗОННОМ ДИЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОМ РЕЗОНАТОРЕ ПРИ НЕСИММЕТРИЧНОЙ ИНЖЕКЦИИ
К.В. Галайдыч, Р.Р. Князев, Г.А. Кривоносов, И.Н. Онищенко, Г.В. Сотников
Проведено численное исследование возбуждения кильватерного поля в прямоугольном диэлектрическом
резонаторе последовательностью релятивистских электронных сгустков в случае несимметричной инжек-
ции. Изучено влияние сдвига инжектируемых сгустков на динамику частиц, а также на пространственное
распределение компонент возбуждаемого электромагнитного поля. Определены потери тока последователь-
ности электронных сгустков вследствие осаждения частиц на поверхность диэлектрика.
ДИНАМІКА КІЛЬВАТЕРНИХ ПОЛІВ ТА ДРАЙВЕРНИХ ЕЛЕКТРОННИХ ЗГУСТКІВ
У ТРЬОХЗОННОМУ ДІЕЛЕКТРИЧНОМУ РЕЗОНАТОРІ ЗА УМОВИ АСИМЕТРИЧНОЇ ІНЖЕКЦІЇ
К.В. Галайдич, Р.Р. Князєв, Г.О. Кривоносов, І.М. Онiщенко, Г.В. Сотніков
Проведено числове дослідження збудження кільватерного поля в прямокутному діелектричному резона-
торі послідовністю релятивістських електронних згустків за умови асиметричної інжекції. Вивчено вплив
зсуву згустків, що інжектуються, на динаміку частинок, а також на просторовий розподіл компонент елект-
ромагнітного поля, що збуджується. Визначено втрати струму послідовності електронних згустків внаслідок
осадження частинок згустків на поверхню діелектрика.
INTRODUction
1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
2. SIMULATION RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
references
ДИНАМИКА КИЛЬВАТЕРНЫХ ПОЛЕЙ И ДРАЙВЕРНЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ СГУСТКОВ В ТРЕХЗОННОМ ДИЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОМ РЕЗОНАТОРЕ ПРИ НЕСИММЕТРИЧНОЙ ИНЖЕКЦИИ
ДИНАМІКА КІЛЬВАТЕРНИХ ПОЛІВ ТА ДРАЙВЕРНИХ ЕЛЕКТРОННИХ ЗГУСТКІВ У ТРЬОХЗОННОМУ ДІЕЛЕКТРИЧНОМУ РЕЗОНАТОРІ ЗА УМОВИ АСИМЕТРИЧНОЇ ІНЖЕКЦІЇ
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-195254 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-24T06:57:58Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Galaydych, K.V. Kniaziev, R.R. Krivonosov, G.A. Onishchenko, I.N. Sotnikov, G.V. 2023-12-03T15:55:45Z 2023-12-03T15:55:45Z 2019 Wakefields and drive electron bunches dynamics in three-zone dielectric resonator at asymmetrical injection / K.V. Galaydych, R.R. Kniaziev, G.A. Krivonosov, I.N. Onishchenko, G.V. Sotnikov // Problems of atomic science and technology. — 2019. — № 6. — С. 58-62. — Бібліогр.: 18 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 41.75.Lx, 41.60.-m, 41.75.Ht, 41.85.Ar https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/195254 A numerical study of the wakefield excitation in a rectangular dielectric-loaded resonator by a sequence of relativistic electron bunches in the case of non-axial injection is carried out. The effect of the shift of injected bunches on the particle dynamics, as well as on the spatial distribution of the components of the bunch-excited fields, is studied. The current losses of a sequence of relativistic electron bunches due to the particles deposition on the surface of the dielectric is determined. Проведено числове дослідження збудження кільватерного поля в прямокутному діелектричному резонаторі послідовністю релятивістських електронних згустків за умови асиметричної інжекції. Вивчено вплив зсуву згустків, що інжектуються, на динаміку частинок, а також на просторовий розподіл компонент електромагнітного поля, що збуджується. Визначено втрати струму послідовності електронних згустків внаслідок осадження частинок згустків на поверхню діелектрика. Проведено численное исследование возбуждения кильватерного поля в прямоугольном диэлектрическом резонаторе последовательностью релятивистских электронных сгустков в случае несимметричной инжекции. Изучено влияние сдвига инжектируемых сгустков на динамику частиц, а также на пространственное распределение компонент возбуждаемого электромагнитного поля. Определены потери тока последовательности электронных сгустков вследствие осаждения частиц на поверхность диэлектрика. This work was supported by NAS of Ukraine, the program "Perspective researches on plasma physics, controlled thermonuclear fusion and plasma technologies" (Project P-1/63-2017), and by the Ukrainian budget program "Support for the most important directions of scientific researches" (КПКВК 6541230). en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Novel and advanced acceleration techniques Wakefields and drive electron bunches dynamics in three-zone dielectric resonator at asymmetrical injection Динаміка кільватерних полів та драйверних електронних згустків у трьохзонному діелектричному резонаторі за умови асиметричної інжекції Динамика кильватерных полей и драйверных электронных сгустков в трехзонном диэлектрическом резонаторе при несимметричной инжекции Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Wakefields and drive electron bunches dynamics in three-zone dielectric resonator at asymmetrical injection Galaydych, K.V. Kniaziev, R.R. Krivonosov, G.A. Onishchenko, I.N. Sotnikov, G.V. Novel and advanced acceleration techniques |
| title | Wakefields and drive electron bunches dynamics in three-zone dielectric resonator at asymmetrical injection |
| title_alt | Динаміка кільватерних полів та драйверних електронних згустків у трьохзонному діелектричному резонаторі за умови асиметричної інжекції Динамика кильватерных полей и драйверных электронных сгустков в трехзонном диэлектрическом резонаторе при несимметричной инжекции |
| title_full | Wakefields and drive electron bunches dynamics in three-zone dielectric resonator at asymmetrical injection |
| title_fullStr | Wakefields and drive electron bunches dynamics in three-zone dielectric resonator at asymmetrical injection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wakefields and drive electron bunches dynamics in three-zone dielectric resonator at asymmetrical injection |
| title_short | Wakefields and drive electron bunches dynamics in three-zone dielectric resonator at asymmetrical injection |
| title_sort | wakefields and drive electron bunches dynamics in three-zone dielectric resonator at asymmetrical injection |
| topic | Novel and advanced acceleration techniques |
| topic_facet | Novel and advanced acceleration techniques |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/195254 |
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