Small size “DI-2” accelerator with the plasma current switch and inductive energy accum ulator as a material irradiation test rig
This scientific paper delves into the basic characteristics of the updated “DI-2” accelerator, i.e., currents, voltages and pulse duration as a function of a delay time between the pulses generated by the major pulse current generator (PCG) and the PCG for plasma guns (PG). Consideration was given t...
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| Zitieren: | Small size “DI-2” accelerator with the plasma current switch and inductive energy accum ulator as a material irradiation test rig / V.B. Yuferov, E.I. Skibenko, I.V. Buravilov, А.S. Svichkar, А.N. Ponamoriev, V.V. Katrechko, V.V. Nikulshina // Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. — 2022. — № 4. — С. 154-156. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
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Yuferov, V.B. Skibenko, E.I. Buravilov, I.V. Svichkar, А.S. Ponamoriev, А.N. Katrechko, V.V. Nikulshina, V.V. 2023-12-06T10:32:49Z 2023-12-06T10:32:49Z 2022 Small size “DI-2” accelerator with the plasma current switch and inductive energy accum ulator as a material irradiation test rig / V.B. Yuferov, E.I. Skibenko, I.V. Buravilov, А.S. Svichkar, А.N. Ponamoriev, V.V. Katrechko, V.V. Nikulshina // Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. — 2022. — № 4. — С. 154-156. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 29.27.−a, 79.20.Rf DOI: https://doi.org/10.46813/2022-140-154 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/195665 This scientific paper delves into the basic characteristics of the updated “DI-2” accelerator, i.e., currents, voltages and pulse duration as a function of a delay time between the pulses generated by the major pulse current generator (PCG) and the PCG for plasma guns (PG). Consideration was given to the possibility of the use of heavy-current accelerators “VGIK-1” and “DI-2” as test rigs to study the effect of the heavy-current electron beam onto the surface of different materials to modify their physical and chemical properties. Наведено основні характеристики модернізованої установки “ДІ-2”, струм, напруга та тривалість імпульсу в залежності від часу затримки між імпульсами основного генератора імпульсного струму (ГІС) та ГІС плазмових гармат (ПГ). Розглянута можливість використання прискорювачів “ВГІК-1” та “ДІ-2” у якості дослідницького стенду по впливу сильнострумового електронного пучка на поверхню різних матеріалів для модифікації фізико-хімічних властивостей. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Diagnostics and methods of researches Small size “DI-2” accelerator with the plasma current switch and inductive energy accum ulator as a material irradiation test rig Малогабаритний прискорювач “ДІ-2” з плазмовим комутатором струму та індуктивним накопичувачем енергії як стенд для опромінення матеріалів Article published earlier |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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| title |
Small size “DI-2” accelerator with the plasma current switch and inductive energy accum ulator as a material irradiation test rig |
| spellingShingle |
Small size “DI-2” accelerator with the plasma current switch and inductive energy accum ulator as a material irradiation test rig Yuferov, V.B. Skibenko, E.I. Buravilov, I.V. Svichkar, А.S. Ponamoriev, А.N. Katrechko, V.V. Nikulshina, V.V. Diagnostics and methods of researches |
| title_short |
Small size “DI-2” accelerator with the plasma current switch and inductive energy accum ulator as a material irradiation test rig |
| title_full |
Small size “DI-2” accelerator with the plasma current switch and inductive energy accum ulator as a material irradiation test rig |
| title_fullStr |
Small size “DI-2” accelerator with the plasma current switch and inductive energy accum ulator as a material irradiation test rig |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Small size “DI-2” accelerator with the plasma current switch and inductive energy accum ulator as a material irradiation test rig |
| title_sort |
small size “di-2” accelerator with the plasma current switch and inductive energy accum ulator as a material irradiation test rig |
| author |
Yuferov, V.B. Skibenko, E.I. Buravilov, I.V. Svichkar, А.S. Ponamoriev, А.N. Katrechko, V.V. Nikulshina, V.V. |
| author_facet |
Yuferov, V.B. Skibenko, E.I. Buravilov, I.V. Svichkar, А.S. Ponamoriev, А.N. Katrechko, V.V. Nikulshina, V.V. |
| topic |
Diagnostics and methods of researches |
| topic_facet |
Diagnostics and methods of researches |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
Малогабаритний прискорювач “ДІ-2” з плазмовим комутатором струму та індуктивним накопичувачем енергії як стенд для опромінення матеріалів |
| description |
This scientific paper delves into the basic characteristics of the updated “DI-2” accelerator, i.e., currents, voltages and pulse duration as a function of a delay time between the pulses generated by the major pulse current generator (PCG) and the PCG for plasma guns (PG). Consideration was given to the possibility of the use of heavy-current accelerators “VGIK-1” and “DI-2” as test rigs to study the effect of the heavy-current electron beam onto the surface of different materials to modify their physical and chemical properties.
Наведено основні характеристики модернізованої установки “ДІ-2”, струм, напруга та тривалість імпульсу в залежності від часу затримки між імпульсами основного генератора імпульсного струму (ГІС) та ГІС плазмових гармат (ПГ). Розглянута можливість використання прискорювачів “ВГІК-1” та “ДІ-2” у якості дослідницького стенду по впливу сильнострумового електронного пучка на поверхню різних матеріалів для модифікації фізико-хімічних властивостей.
|
| issn |
1562-6016 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/195665 |
| citation_txt |
Small size “DI-2” accelerator with the plasma current switch and inductive energy accum ulator as a material irradiation test rig / V.B. Yuferov, E.I. Skibenko, I.V. Buravilov, А.S. Svichkar, А.N. Ponamoriev, V.V. Katrechko, V.V. Nikulshina // Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. — 2022. — № 4. — С. 154-156. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
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154 ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2022. №4(140)
https://doi.org/10.46813/2022-140-154
SMALL-SIZE “DI-2” ACCELERATOR WITH THE PLASMA CURRENT
SWITCH AND INDUCTIVE ENERGY ACCUMULATOR AS A MATERIAL
IRRADIATION TEST RIG
V.B. Yuferov, E.I. Skibenko, I.V. Buravilov, А.S. Svichkar, А.N. Ponamoriev,
V.V. Katrechko, V.V. Nikulshina
National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”,
Kharkiv, Ukraine
E-mail: igor_buravilov@kipt.kharkov.ua
This scientific paper delves into the basic characteristics of the updated “DI-2” accelerator, i.e., currents,
voltages and pulse duration as a function of a delay time between the pulses generated by the major pulse current
generator (PCG) and the PCG for plasma guns (PG). Consideration was given to the possibility of the use of heavy-
current accelerators “VGIK-1” and “DI-2” as test rigs to study the effect of the heavy-current electron beam onto the
surface of different materials to modify their physical and chemical properties.
PACS: 29.27.−a, 79.20.Rf
INTRODUCTION
One of the most promising methods used for the
modification of the near-surface layer of the items made
of different materials to improve their surface-
volumetric strength and corrosion–operative properties
is considered to be at the moment the electron-beam
pulsed treatment. In comparison to the widely spread
laser technology the electron-beam technology has great
opportunities for the control and monitoring of the
amount of energy supplied to the large areas of the
treated surface and it differs by the energy distribution
volumicity in the pre-surface layer of the treated
material and by a high efficiency coefficient [1].
Heavy-current accelerators of a direct action
generate the electron beam with the power up to
109 W/сm2 in μs-, ήs- range of action. In particular,
these include also the accelerators with the inductive
energy accumulator (IEA) and plasma current switch
(PCS) [2]. Appropriate impact energies result in super-
high heating rates (108…1010 K/s) attaining melting
temperatures followed by the subsequent cooling of the
thin near-surface layer of the material (10-7…10-6 m).
Rather short time (10-6…10-3 s) of action of high
temperatures, formation of maximum temperature
gradients (up to 107…108 К/m) that provide cooling of
the near-surface layer due to the heat removal to the
basic volume of the material at the rate of 104…109 К/s
create favorable conditions for the formation of
amorphous-, nano-, and submicrocrystalline structure in
the near-surface layer.
The main problem of the use of the accelerators of
this type for applied technology purposes is relating to
the difficulties of the recording of the output beam
parameters. It results in the difficulties of the
standardization of the treatment process and in
origination of the spread in the characteristics of the
treated parts. The solution of this problem requires the
introduction of efficient numerical methods of the
control of the primary circuit parameters and computer-
aided synchronization systems and at the present time
NSC KIPT is involved in the solution of this problem.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Consideration was given to the use of the heavy-
current accelerators of a direct action of μs- and ήs-
ranges “DI-2” and “VGIK-1” that were developed by
NSC KIPT to arrange the test rig for the treatment of the
materials by heavy-current electron beams:
• Small-size electron accelerator of a direct action
“DI-2” with the inductive energy accumulator and
plasma current switch [3, 4] was arranged in a basement
and flooded with water. After that it was rebased and
upgraded. Maximum parameters of the upgraded
accelerator “DI-2” allow for the generation of the high-
energy electron beams up to 400 keV, with the current
up to 200 kА and duration of 10 ns to 300 ns. The
accelerator “DI-2” includes the pulsed current generator
(PCG) based on the low-induction capacitor IKM-50/3
(3 µF, 50 kV) and coaxial vacuum duct, i.e. the IEA that
is pumped with energy during the discharge of the
major PCG, the PCS and the vacuum diode that form
the electron beam source.
• The small-size electron accelerator “VGIK-1”
was built based on pulsed voltage generator (PVG)
according to the Arkadev-Marx diagram with the
following parameters: electron beam energy up to
300 keV, current 15 kA, and the pulse duration of 1 μs.
In the past, the accelerator “VGIK-1” was used for the
experiments carried out to modify the surface-
volumetric properties of different materials [5].
The experimental data obtained for the effect of the
electron beam of a μ-second range were described in
detail in [6]. Expectedly, the use of shorter pulses with
controlled parameters will result in the generation of the
physical and chemical properties of the treated materials
required for the industry.
EXPERIMENTAL DATA OBTAINED USING
THE “DI-1” TEST RIG
The upgraded “DI-2” accelerator showed that the
high-power pulsed source can be created using the
small-size heavy current electron accelerator of a direct
action in combination with the IEA and PCS and it can
mailto:igor_buravilov@kipt.kharkov.ua
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2022. №4(140) 155
be used for the solution of a wide range of applied
problems of the material science and appropriate
experiments.
The “DI-2” accelerator was modified to create a new
power supply and accelerator control system that
enabled the reduction of energy losses and improvement
of the control of the repeatability of the experiments. An
increased stability of the output parameters of the
accelerator can be attained through an increase in the
plasma density in the discharge gap and through more
uniform distribution of the plasma density in the anode-
cathode gap.
Some experimental data obtained using the “DI-2”
accelerator are given below for different delay times Т
between the pulses of the PCG, PG, and the major PCG.
The load (diode) voltage was measured using the
calibrated capacitive voltage divider with the division
factor of K = 2000 [7]. The currents were measured
using 2 Rogovsky belts (of a μs- and ήs-range) that were
arranged on the capacitor bank of the major PCG in the
region of the vacuum diode. The Rogovsky belt (of a
µs-range) was also used for the current control of PG.
The measurements were taken using the numerical
oscilloscope SIGLENT SDS2204X with the bandwidth
of 200 MHz. The charge of capacitive banks was
controlled using ohmic voltage dividers and digital
voltmeters [7]. The obtained measurement data are
given in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Standard oscillograms with different time delays
The oscillograms show the following channels:
voltage divider (C) that is the capacitive voltage divider
on the load (diode), the diode current (total accelerator
current), the current of the PCG, i.e. the current of the
major PCG, the PG current (total current of 12 PGs).
The oscillograms give the initial conditions in the upper
right corner, in particular the charge voltage of the
major PCG, the charge voltage of the PCG for PG, the
delay time between the triggering of the PCG of PG and
the major PCG – T, the residual pressure in the chamber
– P0 (Torr). Some oscillograms show the values of γ-
measurements (X-ray) that were recorded by the
accumulating dosimeter ID-0.2 designed for the
measurement of the absorbed dose of radiation. The
current pulse duration varied on average in the range of
20 to 300 ήs.
Fig. 2 gives the overvoltage pulse oscillogram for
the capacitive voltage divider at a fixed delay time of
Т = 7.52 μs. The given delay value enables the
generation of the overvoltage pulse above 300 kV at a
time of tens ns. The experiment also shows a high data
repeatability at a fixed delay time value.
156 ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2022. №4(140)
Fig. 2. Voltage pulse oscillogram for the capacitive
voltage divider
DISCUSSING THE EXPERIMENTS
The main task when upgrading the accelerator was
to get good data repeatability and the possibility to
control the output parameters of the accelerator pulse
(the diode overvoltage and current and the impact phase
duration). To attain this goal we were to preset the
parameters of the primary circuit, in particular PCG, PG
and the major PCG voltage, to control the residual
pressure of the neutral gas and preset the delay time
between the triggering of the controlled dischargers of
PCG – PG and the major PCG (T). The charge voltage
of the capacitive bank of the PCG was limited by the
opportunities of the used electrotechnical circuit
elements that should be correlated with the geometrical
configuration of the accelerator. The pressure was also
limited by the opportunities of the vacuum evacuation
system that enabled the operation at the acceptable level
of (5…8)∙10-5 Тоrr. Hence, it is reasonable to use
particularly the delay time T for the regulation and
search of the optimal mode. Pulse oscillograms in Figs.
1 and 2 show that the control of only this single
parameter enables the smooth control of the electron
beam energy, the impact phase duration and
respectively the temperature affecting the treated
materials.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the previous data obtained for the
accelerator “VGIK-1” and experimental data obtained
for the accelerator “DI-2” as described in the paper we
can draw the following conclusions:
• The heavy – current accelerators used in combi-
nation with the IEA and PCS to treat the material
surface have great prospects due to their high
parameters and short impact time of the electron beam
and also due to the opportunity to exercise control of its
repeatability.
• Varying just one parameter (delay T) at constant
charge voltages of capacitive accumulators we can
select the required parameters (I, U) of the impact of the
electron beam on the materials.
• At sufficiently high beam power density a low
electron energy provides a low radiation level that
simplifies the radiation protection that plays an
important role in the accelerators used for technological
purposes.
• The use of the accelerators in combination with
IEA and PCS nullifies the need for the use of bulky high
– voltage generators that noticeably reduces the
overweight characteristics of the electric power supply
circuits of the accelerator and it also reduces the high
voltage protection expenditures and decreases the
overall overweight parameters of the accelerator.
REFERENCES
1. G.A. Mesiats. Heavy Current Pulsed Electron
Beam in the Technology. N.: “Nauka”, 1983, 169 p.
2. O.V. Manuilenko, I.N. Onishchenko, A.V. Pa-
shchenko, I.A. Pashchenko, V.B. Yuferov. Current
Flow Dynamics in Plasma Opening Switch // Issues of
the Nuclear Science and Technology. 2021, N 4(134),
p. 6-10.
3. V.G. Artyukh, E.I. Skibenko, Yu.V. Tkach,
V.B. Yuferov. Study of a high-current plasma opening
switch: Preprint KIPT 89-28, 1989, p. 12.
4. E.I. Skibenko, A.N. Ozerov, I.V. Buravilov,
V.B. Yuferov. Operational Characteristics of the
Electron Accelerator Based on the Plasma-Filled Diode
// Issues of the Nuclear Science and Technology. 2021,
N 1(131), p. 78-83.
5. D.V. Vinnikov, I.V. Buraveilov, V.B. Yuferov,
A.N. Ponamariev, V.I Tkachev. Possibilities of the Use
of the Small-Size Accelerator VGIK-1 // Issues of the
Nuclear Science and Technology. 2019, N 6, p. 115-
121.
6. I.M. Nekluydov, V.B. Yuferov, L.G. Sorokovoi,
O.S. Drui, N.A. Kosyk, E.V. Mufel, I.V. Buravilov,
V.I. Tkachev, A.N. Ponamariev. On Some Processes
During the Interaction of High-Power Pulsed Electron
Beam with Solid – Body Surfaces // Issues of the
Nuclear Science and Technology. 2003, N 4, p. 326-
328.
7. A. Shvab. High – Voltage Measurements.
Metering Devices and Methods. M.: “Energoatom-
izdat”, 1983, p. 70-74.
Article received 08.08.2022
МАЛОГАБАРИТНИЙ ПРИСКОРЮВАЧ «ДІ-2» З ПЛАЗМОВИМ КОМУТАТОРОМ СТРУМУ ТА
ІНДУКТИВНИМ НАКОПИЧУВАЧЕМ ЕНЕРГІЇ ЯК СТЕНД ДЛЯ ОПРОМІНЕННЯ МАТЕРІАЛІВ
В.Б. Юферов, Є.І. Скибенко, І.В. Буравілов, О.С. Свічкар, О.М. Пономарев,
В.В. Катречко, В.В. Нікульшина
Наведено основні характеристики модернізованої установки “ДІ-2”, струм, напруга та тривалість
імпульсу в залежності від часу затримки між імпульсами основного генератора імпульсного струму (ГІС) та
ГІС плазмових гармат (ПГ). Розглянута можливість використання прискорювачів “ВГІК-1” та “ДІ-2” у
якості дослідницького стенду по впливу сильнострумового електронного пучка на поверхню різних
матеріалів для модифікації фізико-хімічних властивостей.
|