Methods of adjusting forming lines using a low voltage thyristor switch
A method of adjusting the generating lines of a high-voltage pulse modulator with a thyristor switch at a charging voltage of 150 V is given. The degree of pre-distortion is determined to obtain in the operating mode (60 kV) a voltage pulse with the required non-uniformity at the optimal value of th...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
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nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-1958132025-02-09T10:02:24Z Methods of adjusting forming lines using a low voltage thyristor switch Методика налаштування формуючих ліній з використанням низьковольтного тиристорного ключа Методика настройки формирующих линий с использованием низковольтного тиристорного ключ Kosoi, O.I. Mats, V.O. Mytrochenko, V.V. Titov, V.Yu. Tur, Yu.D. Chertishchev, I.O. Linear charged-particle accelerators A method of adjusting the generating lines of a high-voltage pulse modulator with a thyristor switch at a charging voltage of 150 V is given. The degree of pre-distortion is determined to obtain in the operating mode (60 kV) a voltage pulse with the required non-uniformity at the optimal value of the degaussing current of the transformer. An element of fine tuning of forming lines at operating voltage is developed and applied. Приведено спосіб налаштування формуючих ліній потужного високовольтного імпульсного модулятора за допомогою тиристорного ключа при зарядній напрузі 150 В. Метод полягає у введенні у форму імпульсу модулятора при низькій напрузі передспотворень з метою отримання високовольтного імпульсу з плоскою вершиною при робочій напрузі. Визначено передспотворення для отримання в робочому режимі (60 кВ) імпульсу напруги з необхідною нерівномірністю при оптимальній величині струму розмагнічування трансформатора. Розроблено та застосовано елемент точного налаштування формуючих ліній при робочій напрузі. Приведен способ настройки формирующих линий мощного высоковольтного импульсного модулятора с помощью тиристорного ключа при заданном напряжении 150 В. Метод заключается в ведении в форму импульса модулятора при низком напряжении предискажений с целью получения высоковольтного импульса с плоской вершиной при рабочем напряжении. Определено предискажение для получения в рабочем режиме (60 кВ) импульса напряжения с необходимой неоднородностью при оптимальной величине тока размагничивания трансформатора. Разработан и использован элемент точной настройки формирующих линий при рабочем напряжении. 2021 Article Methods of adjusting forming lines using a low voltage thyristor switch / O.I. Kosoi, V.O. Mats, V.V. Mytrochenko, V.Yu. Titov, Yu.D. Tur, I.O. Chertishchev // Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. — 2021. — № 6. — С. 135-138. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 27.19+W DOI: https://doi.org/10.46813/2021-136-135 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/195813 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники application/pdf Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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DSpace DC |
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English |
| topic |
Linear charged-particle accelerators Linear charged-particle accelerators |
| spellingShingle |
Linear charged-particle accelerators Linear charged-particle accelerators Kosoi, O.I. Mats, V.O. Mytrochenko, V.V. Titov, V.Yu. Tur, Yu.D. Chertishchev, I.O. Methods of adjusting forming lines using a low voltage thyristor switch Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description |
A method of adjusting the generating lines of a high-voltage pulse modulator with a thyristor switch at a charging voltage of 150 V is given. The degree of pre-distortion is determined to obtain in the operating mode (60 kV) a voltage pulse with the required non-uniformity at the optimal value of the degaussing current of the transformer. An element of fine tuning of forming lines at operating voltage is developed and applied. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Kosoi, O.I. Mats, V.O. Mytrochenko, V.V. Titov, V.Yu. Tur, Yu.D. Chertishchev, I.O. |
| author_facet |
Kosoi, O.I. Mats, V.O. Mytrochenko, V.V. Titov, V.Yu. Tur, Yu.D. Chertishchev, I.O. |
| author_sort |
Kosoi, O.I. |
| title |
Methods of adjusting forming lines using a low voltage thyristor switch |
| title_short |
Methods of adjusting forming lines using a low voltage thyristor switch |
| title_full |
Methods of adjusting forming lines using a low voltage thyristor switch |
| title_fullStr |
Methods of adjusting forming lines using a low voltage thyristor switch |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Methods of adjusting forming lines using a low voltage thyristor switch |
| title_sort |
methods of adjusting forming lines using a low voltage thyristor switch |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| topic_facet |
Linear charged-particle accelerators |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/195813 |
| citation_txt |
Methods of adjusting forming lines using a low voltage thyristor switch / O.I. Kosoi, V.O. Mats, V.V. Mytrochenko, V.Yu. Titov, Yu.D. Tur, I.O. Chertishchev // Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. — 2021. — № 6. — С. 135-138. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. |
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ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2021. № 6(136) 135
https://doi.org/10.46813/2021-136-135
METHODS OF ADJUSTING FORMING LINES USING
A LOW VOLTAGE THYRISTOR SWITCH
O.I. Kosoi, V.O. Mats, V.V. Mytrochenko, V.Yu. Titov, Yu.D. Tur, I.O. Chertishchev
National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Kharkiv, Ukraine
E-mail: Kosoy@kipt.kharkov.ua
A method of adjusting the generating lines of a high-voltage pulse modulator with a thyristor switch at a charg-
ing voltage of 150 V is given. The degree of pre-distortion is determined to obtain in the operating mode
(60 kV) a voltage pulse with the required non-uniformity at the optimal value of the degaussing current of the trans-
former. An element of fine tuning of forming lines at operating voltage is developed and applied.
PACS: 27.19+W
INTRODUCTION
At the National Science Center "Kharkov Institute of
Physics and Technology" there are charged particle
accelerators, which are used for scientific and techno-
logical purposes. The system of pulsed high-voltage
supply of klystrons is the most energy-intensive in the
technological accelerator. This system is based on a
linear circuit of a high-voltage modulator with a reso-
nant charge of the PFN and its subsequent discharge
through a thyratron switch to a pulse transformer of
high-voltage power supply of amplifying klystrons [1].
The efficiency of high-voltage pulse modulators is
determined by two main factors: heat loss in the modu-
lator systems and the level of pulse formation on the
secondary winding of the pulse transformer closest to
the rectangular (molding efficiency). Ensuring suffi-
ciently small distortions of the pulse shape is one of the
requirements for a pulse transformer. These distortions
are due to the influence of the inductance of the primary
winding, the scattering inductance and the capacitances
of the transformer windings. Therefore, special attention
is paid to the shape of the pulse and methods of its cor-
rection. The use of a pulse transformer leads to distor-
tion of the pulse shape [2].
The scattering inductance and the inductance of the
supply ends influence the formation of the pulse front.
As the scattering inductance increases, the pulse front is
tightened. When using a pulse transformer, the most real
duration of the pulse front will be 1.2...1.5 μs. The mag-
netization inductance of the pulse transformer affects the
bevel of the pulse top. As the magnetization inductance
decreases, the pulse bevel increases. The magnetization
inductance is determined by the design parameters of the
pulse transformer, as well as the degaussing current of the
transformer. Adjustment of the peak of the voltage pulse
is carried out by adjusting the forming line.
But when operating the process accelerator in nomi-
nal mode, it is difficult to adjust the forming line.
The paper considers the method of adjusting the
pulse from the PFN at low voltages.
EXPERIMENTAL INSTALLATION
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a klystron modula-
tor. Three-phase alternating voltage supplied to the step-
up transformer (1) with a built-in three-phase rectifier.
The transformer is a power supply for the modulator-
rectified voltage up to 35 kV. A single-phase oil-cooled
charging choke (2) with charging diodes connected to a
rectifier is a modulator charger. The inductance of the
choke is equal to L = 3.2 H.
Fig. 1. Block diagram of the klystron modulator:
1 transformer-rectifier; 2 charging circuit;
3 – PFN; 4 pulse transformer; 5 klystron;
6 thyratron; 7 trigger unit; 8 synchronization
unit; 9 voltage regulator
The rectified voltage is regulated by a thyristor reg-
ulator (9), which simultaneously performs the function
of a voltage stabilizer. This voltage is proportional to
the input voltage, it is fed through the charging choke to
the PFN (3). The pulse transformer has a transformation
coefficient n = 13 (4). It increases the voltage of the
PFN to the operating value. To obtain the maximum
increment of the induction of the transformer core is
demagnetized with a current of 5...15 A. The resistance
of the pulse transformer is a klystron KIU-12AM with a
beam resistance of 1700 (5).
Thiratron TGI 1-2500/50 is used as a switch to dis-
charge the PFN to the pulse transformer (6). These thy-
ratrons allow switching current up to 2.5 kA at anode
voltage up to 50 kV. The trigger unit of the thyratron (7)
generates a voltage pulse on its grid with an amplitude
of 1…1.5 kV and a duration of 2…2.5 μs. The sync
pulse generating unit (8) supplies a voltage pulse with
an amplitude of 15 V to the synchronization input of the
start unit.
The most important elements that determine the effi-
ciency of pulse generation in the linear circuit of a high-
voltage modulator are the generating line and the pulse
transformer. The obligatory condition is coordination of
wave resistances and a possibility of work of elements
at big average capacities.
mailto:Kosoy@kipt.kharkov.ua
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2021. № 6(136) 136
PFNs used in modulators of technological accelera-
tors SRE "Accelerator" are divided into two types. The
first is a single PFN, it folds of 10 capacitors
(C = 0.03 μF) connected by variable inductors
(L ≈ 2…4 μH). The characteristic resistance the second
is a double PFN with a characteristic resistance of 60 ,
which consists of 212 capacitors with a capacity of
0.0036 μF connected by variable inductors (L ≈ 2…4 μH).
a
b
c
Fig. 2. Appearance of measuring the voltage pulse
at the output of a single PFN (a); is a diagram
of measuring the voltage pulse at the output of a single
PFN (b); is a diagram of measuring the voltage pulse
at the output of a double PFN (c)
Fig. 2,a,b show diagrams for measuring the voltage
pulse at the output of the PFN.
The purpose of the measurements is to adjust and re-
fine the parameters of the pulses at low voltage, as well
as the selection of line elements to obtain a pulse in a
shape close to rectangular on the secondary winding of
the transformer.
To charge the PFN (PFN, DPFN) power supply B5-
10 (Б5-10) is used, the charging voltage is 150...300 V.
The charge is through a choke Сh with an inductance of
4 H. The thyristor TR100/9 (TP100/9) is used as a switch.
The sync-pulse is supplied from the generator G5-15
(Г5-15). The voltage pulse at the output of the line on
the resistance of 1.7 k is recorded by a digital oscillo-
scope (N) through a divider with a factor of 100.
EXPERIMENTS FOR FORMATION
OF A VOLTAGE PULSE
Fig. 3,a,b shows the voltage pulses of the PFN on the
resistance of 1700 at a charging voltage of 150 V. The
duration of the front of the single PFN was 0.5 μs, the
duration of the decline is 1 μs, the pulse duration is
3.5 μs, when using a double PFN the duration of the front
is 0.35 μs, the duration of the decline is 0.5 μs with a
pulse duration of 2.6…2, 8 μs. The figure shows that
excluding the influence of the pulse transformer we ob-
tain voltage pulses in shape close to rectangular. The
rectangularity factor for the pulses was ~ 85%.
a
b
Fig. 3. Voltage pulses of the PFN at the active resistance
of 1700 pulses PFN (a); pulses duble PFN (b)
Fig. 4. Voltage (U) and current (I) pulse on the second-
ary winding of the pulse transformer of the technologi-
cal accelerator LINAC-40: 15 A/div, 30 kV/div, 1 µS/div
Fig. 4 shows the voltage pulse on the secondary
winding of the pulse transformer of the process acceler-
ator LINAC-40. A double PFN with a impedance of
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2021. № 6(136) 137
60 was used. The bevel of the top of the pulse was
quite large and amounted to 10%. The figure illustrates
the need for additional tuning of the line pulse, which
must be performed at low voltage.
Fig. 5. Voltage pulse at the output of the forming line
with overcorrection (U) 20 V/div, voltage pulse trigger
(Utr) 10 V/div 2µS/div
Fig. 5 shows the voltage pulse at the active re-
sistance of 1.7 k (see Fig. 2) using overcorrection. The
meaning of the adjustment is to intentionally distort the
shape of the pulse on the active resistance so that when
it is fed to the primary winding of the pulse transformer
on the secondary winding a new pulse is formed. The
shape of this pulse should look like a rectangle. Distor-
tion of the pulse shape is achieved by changing the
values of inductance in the cells of the PFN.
Fig. 6 shows the voltage pulse on the secondary
winding of the transformer after correction. The figure
shows that when adjusting the voltage pulse, the rectan-
gularity factor increases. The bevel of the top was ± 1%.
The pulse front was 1.1 μs, the decline was 1.5 μs, the
pulse duration was 2.85 μs. Thus, the rectangularity of
the pulse is ~ 75%. For the use of a circuit with a pulse
transformer, this is quite a good indicator, but with the
help of additional adjustment of the cells of the forming
line, it is possible to improve the rectangularity factor.
For example, the duration of the pulse front can be re-
duced by reducing the inductance of the supply con-
tacts, which represent an additional inductance of the
first cell of the PFN.
Fig. 6. Pulse on the secondary winding of the pulse
transformer after adjustment (U). 30 kV/div, 2 µS/div
It is also possible to adjust the shape of the voltage
pulse by introducing a ferrimagnetic material into the
inductors of the PFN, thus changing the value of the
inductance (Fig. 7). The coil in the line is wound on an
insulating pipe with a diameter of 50 mm. The pipe has
an outlet to the upper cover of the PFN so it is possible
to lower into it and move along the coils of the ferrite
rings or rods. This movement can be done even with the
high-voltage modulator running. Thus, it is possible to
adjust the pulse directly during the operation of the
process accelerator.
a
b
Fig. 7. Device for moving ferromagnetic rods along
the inductors of the forming line (a), and appearance
double PFN (b)
Fig. 8. Voltage pulses on the secondary winding
of the pulse transformer when adjusting the values
of line inductance
Fig. 8 shows the voltage pulses at different positions
of the ferrite rods. The figure illustrates the ability to
adjust the shape of the pulse in a fairly vast range.
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2021. № 6(136) 138
Fig. 9 shows the voltage pulse at the output of the
modulator before and after correction and selection of
the parameters of the cells forming the line. The figure
shows that it is possible to obtain a pulse in shape close
to rectangular in the existing process accelerators.
а
b
Fig. 9. Voltage pulse at the output of the modulator:
regularity factor 0.75 (a); coefficient of rectangularity
0.8. 30 kV/div, 1 µS/div (b)
CONCLUSIONS
1. Works on adjustment of PFNs on technological
accelerators KUT-1, EPOS, LINAC-10, LINAC-40 are
carried out.
2. Measured voltage pulses on the primary and sec-
ondary windings of the pulse transformer.
3. The influence of the pulse transformer on the
shape of the voltage pulse is studied.
4. The possibility of adjusting the voltage pulse in a
fairly wide range is shown.
REFERENCES
1. V.I. Beloglazov, I.A. Chertyshchev, I.A. Chaika,
A.I. Kosoi, D.A. Kapliy, V.P. Romasko,
V.Yu. Titov, Yu.D. Tur. Design and exploitation
powerful thyratron swith in modulators accelerators
NSC KIPT // Problems of Atomic Science and Tech-
nology. Series “Nuclear Physics Investigations”.
2016, № 3, p. 50-53.
2. O.I. Kosoy, V.O. Matz, V.P. Romasko,
Yu.A. Titarenko, V.Yu. Tytov, D.V. Titov,
Yu.D. Tur, I.O. Chaika, I.A. Chertishchev,
E.A. Yaroshenko. Assessment of energy efficiency
of high-voltage LUE modulators // Problems of
Atomic Science and Technology. Series “Nuclear
Physics Investigations”. 2020, № 3, p. 49-52.
Article received 07.10.2021
МЕТОДИКА НАСТРОЙКИ ФОРМИРУЮЩИХ ЛИНИЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ
НИЗКОВОЛЬТНОГО ТИРИСТОРНОГО КЛЮЧА
А.И. Косой, В.А. Мац, В.В. Митроченко, В.Ю. Титов, Ю.Д. Тур, И.А. Чертищев
Приведен способ настройки формирующих линий мощного высоковольтного импульсного модулятора с
помощью тиристорного ключа при заданном напряжении 150 В. Метод заключается в ведении в форму им-
пульса модулятора при низком напряжении предискажений с целью получения высоковольтного импульса с
плоской вершиной при рабочем напряжении. Определено предискажение для получения в рабочем режиме
(60 кВ) импульса напряжения с необходимой неоднородностью при оптимальной величине тока размагни-
чивания трансформатора. Разработан и использован элемент точной настройки формирующих линий при
рабочем напряжении.
МЕТОДИКА НАЛАШТУВАННЯ ФОРМУЮЧИХ ЛІНІЙ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ
НИЗЬКОВОЛЬТНОГО ТИРИСТОРНОГО КЛЮЧА
О.І. Косой, В.О. Мац, В.В. Мітроченко, В.Ю. Титов, Ю.Д. Тур, І.О. Чертіщев
Приведено спосіб налаштування формуючих ліній потужного високовольтного імпульсного модулятора
за допомогою тиристорного ключа при зарядній напрузі 150 В. Метод полягає у введенні у форму імпульсу
модулятора при низькій напрузі передспотворень з метою отримання високовольтного імпульсу з плоскою
вершиною при робочій напрузі. Визначено передспотворення для отримання в робочому режимі (60 кВ)
імпульсу напруги з необхідною нерівномірністю при оптимальній величині струму розмагнічування транс-
форматора. Розроблено та застосовано елемент точного налаштування формуючих ліній при робочій напру-
зі.
|