The pyrocarbon, gas phase densification of the catalytic carbon formations (CCFs), obtained on iron
Investigations on gas-phase densification of CCFs, obtained on iron, using the radially driven pyrolysis zone and, at the same time, the temperature rise in the pyrolysis zone with the speed of the 1.25 °С/h, were carried out. CCFs, bonded with pyrocarbon (CCFBPyC), not refined from iron, without de...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2023
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| Cite this: | The pyrocarbon, gas phase densification of the catalytic carbon formations (CCFs), obtained on iron / S.G. Fursov, M.V. Meltyukhov, S.A. Lyashenko // Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. — 2023. — № 2. — С. 153-156. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
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| author | Fursov, S.G. Meltyukhov, M.V. Lyashenko, S.A. |
| author_facet | Fursov, S.G. Meltyukhov, M.V. Lyashenko, S.A. |
| citation_txt | The pyrocarbon, gas phase densification of the catalytic carbon formations (CCFs), obtained on iron / S.G. Fursov, M.V. Meltyukhov, S.A. Lyashenko // Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. — 2023. — № 2. — С. 153-156. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
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| description | Investigations on gas-phase densification of CCFs, obtained on iron, using the radially driven pyrolysis zone and, at the same time, the temperature rise in the pyrolysis zone with the speed of the 1.25 °С/h, were carried out. CCFs, bonded with pyrocarbon (CCFBPyC), not refined from iron, without defects, with density and PyC content corresponding to the material: graphite bonded with pyrocarbon (GBPyC), which include 90 wt.% of PyC (GBPyC-90), were obtained. The necessity of applying the special technological methods in the process of gas-phase densification of CCFs, was confirmed.
Досліджене газофазне ущільнення піровуглецем каталітичних утворень вуглецю (КУВ) на Fe за допомогою методу зони піролізу, що радіально рухається, з одночасним підвищенням температури в зоні піролізу зі швидкістю 1,25 ° С/год. Отримані бездефектні КУВ зв’язані піровуглецем (КУВЗП) з невидаленим каталізатором, зі щільністю і вмістом піровуглецю на рівні матеріалу: графіт, з’язаний піровуглецем, з його вмістом – 90 ваг.% (ГЗП-90). Підтверджена необхідність застосування спеціальних технологічних прийомів при ущільненні піровуглецем КУВ.
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ISSN 1562-6016. Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. 2023. №2(144) 153
https://doi.org/10.46813/2023-144-153
UDC 621.762
THE PYROCARBON, GAS PHASE DENSIFICATION OF THE
CATALYTIC CARBON FORMATIONS (CCFs), OBTAINED ON IRON
S.G. Fursov, M.V. Meltyukhov, S.A. Lyashenko
National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”,
Kharkiv, Ukraine
E-mail: igor@kipt.kharkov.ua; tel./fax +38(057)349-10-61
Investigations on gas-phase densification of CCFs, obtained on iron, using the radially driven pyrolysis zone
and, at the same time, the temperature rise in the pyrolysis zone with the speed of the 1.25 °С/h, were carried out.
CCFs, bonded with pyrocarbon (CCFBPyC), not refined from iron, without defects, with density and PyC content
corresponding to the material: graphite bonded with pyrocarbon (GBPyC), which include 90 wt.% of PyC (GBPyC-
90), were obtained. The necessity of applying the special technological methods in the process of gas-phase densifi-
cation of CCFs, was confirmed.
INTRODUCTION
The surface structures of carbon – fullerenes, carbon
nanotubes, nanofibers and nanomaterials (CNM), con-
taining these structures, amorphous carbon or graphite,
are, for a long time, the subject of scientific research
due to their unique and often anomalously high physi-
cochemical and electrical properties. The main methods
for obtaining these structures are sublimation-
desublimation of graphite and catalytic pyrolysis of hy-
drocarbons.
In the National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of
Physics and Technology” (NSC KIPT), since 1982 and,
for the present time, the numerous studies of the meth-
ods for obtaining, properties and practical applications
of catalytic carbon formations on transition metals Fe,
Co, Ni, in methane or propane-butane media, at temper-
atures of 600…1200 °C were carried out.
CCFs were obtained in the form of powders and fi-
bers, including, also, a rubber-like mass, with catalyst
particles encapsulated in it and 30…40 wt.% of soot [1].
The remnants of the CCFs were preserved for the fur-
ther work with them. CCFs had been mainly used for
binding them with pyrocarbon (PyC), to produce the
material: CCFs bonded with PyC – CCFBPyC. The
CCFs, in this material, were the only filler of the PyC
matrix. In the most of the experiments, it was not possi-
ble to obtain an integral material, due to its brittle frac-
ture. In 2020, a series of 5 experiments was carried out,
to study the process of densification of the CCFs on Ni,
with PyC. In these experiments it was found, that CCFs
are a specific, anisotropic material, with a large (up to
50 wt.%) content of fine-fiber fraction, with a particle
size of 0…50 µm, which inhibit the obtaining of a PyC
matrix with sufficient strength. The results of the exper-
iments, given in the article [2], indicate the necessity of
taking into account the properties of СCFs and the tech-
nological parameters of their densification with PyC, in
order to create both CCFBPyC or a material modified
with CCFs.
The article presents the results of an experiment on
the obtaining of the CCFBPyC on Fe. The experiment
was carried out with taking into account the results of
obtaining the CCFBPyC on Ni.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
CCFs were obtained in the AGAT-3.2 unit, in a mo-
dified “shaft furnace” ShP – ShP–A, with forced supply
of methane into the furnace volume through the bottom
and replacement of perforated thermal insulation with a
solid one (Fig. 1), over 8 processes, with the following
parameters: T in the furnace – 1180…1200 °С, duration
– 6…24 h, methane consumption – 40…300 l/h.
1. Top graphite cover.
2. Carbon-carbon (C-C)
or graphite rod.
3. C-C perforated heater
(4 sections).
4, 10. Continuous thermal
insulation, 3 layers of
AT-3.
5. Temperature control
hole.
6. Quartz capillary with a
movable thermocouple.
7. Graphite washers for
the distribution of plates
along the height of the
furnace.
8. Graphite or C-C plates
with catalysts.
9. C-C heat-insulating
stand.
11. Graphite stand.
12. Supply of methane to
the furnace.
Fig. 1. Scheme of shaft furnace ShP–А
Methane supply was carried out through a GSB–400
counter, connected in series with a water bubbler, to
saturate the gas in the furnace volume with water vapor.
The maximum CCFs outgo, in the experiments, was ob-
tained at the minimum consumption of methane, accord-
ing to its actually laminar flow in the furnace volume.
Subsequently, the laminar gas flow was used for obtain-
ing a long CCFs [3]. In the experiments ShP–A7,
ShP–A8, the largest number of CCFs, in the series, was
generated. They were used in the creation of preform.
154 ISSN 1562-6016. Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. 2023. №2(144)
OBTAINING OF THE CCFs
Commercial iron sulphate: FeSO4×7H2O was used
as a catalyst and a source of sulfur for the following rea-
sons:
– when obtaining CCFs on carbonyl iron, at
T = 1100…1200 °C and introducing into the volume of
the ShP furnace and into the pyrolysis chamber the sul-
fur evaporation, the CCFs had the form of a fine-fibered
brush. According to [4], it is known that the presence of
sulfur in the reaction volume leads to the formation of
precisely fibrous CCFs and not their continuous mass;
– during the annealing of ferrous sulfate in the ShP
furnace, iron and sulfur are formed in the environments
of methane, hydrogen, carbon, namely;
– according to [5], ferrous sulfate immerses the last
water molecule at Т = 400 °С and at Т = 600…725 °С it
decomposes into hematite Fe2О3, sulfur dioxide SO2 and
oxygen O2:
2FeSO4 = Fe2О3+2SO2+1/2 O2;
– hematite, in hydrogen, carbon monoxide, in the
presence of carbon and T > 1000 °C is reduced to iron;
– during the reduction of sulfur dioxide in methane
and oxygen environments, at Т = 1200…1300 °С, sulfur
is released [6]:
SO2+CH4+O2 = CO2+2H2O+1/2S2;
– at T > 730 °C, sulfur can be formed by the inter-
?ction of sulfur dioxide with carbon:
2C+SO2 = 2CO+1/2 S2;
2CO+SO2 = 2CO2+1/2 S2.
On supported Ni catalysts, at T = 900 °C, CO can be
formed by the reaction:
CH4+H2O = CO+2H2.
According to this equation, the gas, in the experiments,
was bubbling through the water.
It is well known that CCFs, obtained on iron, are
segregated from its Fe3C carbide. At 1153 °С, the first
liquid phase is formed in the Fe–C system from the
Fe–Fe3C eutectic. The dissolution of carbon and the
creation of carbide in liquid iron (compared to solid) is
greatly facilitated and contributes to the growth of
CCFs. At a temperature of “light red heat” iron com-
bines with sulfur, forming iron sulfide FeS and at
T = 998 °C a second liquid phase is created from the
Fe–FeS eutectic. For the sustainable production of
ССFs, it is critically important that sulfur or its dioxide
be retained in the reaction volume, until FeS is formed.
Therefore, the temperature rise in the ShP–A furnace
was carried out as quickly as possible – in 1.5…2 h.
Since the chemical analysis of sediments in the trays of
the ShP–A furnace was not carried out, the statement
about the participation of FeS in the creation of ССFs is
only an assumption.
The forced supply of methane to the ShP–A furnace
was used to remove excess hydrogen, which is created
during the pyrolysis of methane and leaches sulfur from
the reaction space of the furnace in the form of hydro-
gen sulfide.
CFe in СCFs was calculated from its ash content,
based on the content of Fe in Fe2O3 = 70 wt.%. The ash
content was determined after the oxidation of СCFs in
the air, at T = 900 °C, for 56 h.
A homogeneous mass of СCFs, for a perform, was
obtained by rubbing the combined СCFs from the ShP–
A7–ShP–A8 experiments through a sieve with a mesh
size of 1 mm.
PREFORM MANUFACTURING
When planning the experiment, we took into account
the features of the pyrolytic densification of CCFs on
Ni, described in the article [2], namely (Fig. 2):
1,7. Stands, EG-0
2. Cover,
GBPyC
3. Shell -
URAL-T-22
4. CCFs, Ø 70.5 mm
5. Bottom, GBPyC
6. Shell retainer
8. Thermal insulation
of stands, AT - 3
9. Mo heater
10. Damper, Ø7.5mm
x Ø6mm, paper on
PVA
11. Buffer,
URAL-T-22
Fig. 2. Scheme of the experiment
1) the preform shell – 3 was made of a single layer
of carbon fabric URAL-T-22, impregnated with 50 %
aqueous PVA solution, to prevent surface cracking of
CCFBPyC under the action of significantly different co-
efficients of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) of
CCFBPyC and the shell, made of asbestos fabric. In
Fig. 3, the cracking of the turned workpiece of the
CCFBPyC on Ni is shown. (CNi = 2,47 wt.%,
Т = 900 °С, the rate of movement of the pyrolysis zone
is υPZ = 0,5 mm/h, asbestos sheath);
2) to equalize the vertical temperature gradient,
stands – 1, 7 had a diameter of 50 mm, cover – 2 and
bottom – 5 were made of GBPyC – to reduce the differ-
ence in CLTE between them and CCFBPyC.
The density of the CCFs, shaked in the preform, de-
termined during the preparation to the experiment, was
0.155 g/cm
3
. At such a density, the backfilling of CCFs,
obviously, has a large electrical resistance and heating
of CCFs by direct current passing through them, as in
esperiments with CCFs on Ni, is impossible. Therefore,
the Mo preform heater – 9, Ø 6 mm was used in the ex-
periment, in order to avoid the rupture of the CCFBPyC
by the heater (during the perform cooling), with the
damping layer of paper, applied to it, on PVA glue,
Ø 7.5 mm – 10 (Fig. 4 shows the rupture of the
CCFBPyC on Ni, with a Mo heater, without a damper
on it (CNi = 0,67 wt.%, T = 900 °С, υPZ = 0,25 mm/h,
shell made of carbon fabric URAL-T-22)).
When obtaining the CCBPyC on Ni, without cracks,
the CCFs, during the formation of the perform, were
separated from the bottom 5 and cover 2 with the help
of dampers 11, made of EG-0 graphite powder.
ISSN 1562-6016. Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. 2023. №2(144) 155
Fig. 3. Superficial cracking
of CCFBPyC on Ni with
ground off asbestos
sheath
Fig. 4. Rupture of CCFBPyC
on Ni with Mo heater,
without a demper.
The shell is made of carbon
fabric URAL-T22
Table 1
CCFs and CCFBPyC parameters
CCFs parameters CCFBPyC parameters
diameter,
mm
mass,
g
ρFREE,
g/cm
3
ρSHAKE,
g/сm
3
CFe,
wt.%
tOXID,
h
ρPYCN,
g/сm
3
ρHYDROST,
g/сm
3
ρPYCN,
g/сm
3
P,
%
δ
PyC, µm
α
PyC,
wt.%
70.5х7.5 109 0.099 0.155 3.21 56 1.55–1.58 1.8 1.88 4.04–4.11 5–30 91.4
Table 2
Temperature gradients in the experiment
Pyrolysis
zone, m
5 10 15 20 25 28
Radius from
the center, mm
13 18 23 28 33 36
Т, °С 1204 1176 1150 1097 1042 1004
ΔТ, °С/mm – 5.6 5.2 10.6 11.0 12.7
This made it possible to avoid cracking of
CCFBPyC under the influence of significantly different
CLTR of CCFBPyC and graphite. At the shaking densi-
ty of dampers made of EG-0 – 0.8 g/cm
3
and CCFs –
0.6 g/cm
3
, there was no mixing between EG-0 and
CCFs. Taking into account the significant difference in
the shaking densities of CCFs on Fe – 0.155 g/cm
3
(Ta-
ble 1) and EG –0 – 0.6 g/cm
3
and the existence of a risk
of their mixing, during the manufacturing of the pre-
form, the dampers 11 (with the size of one layer –
Ø 70 x Ø 8 mm) were made of carbon fabric URAL-T-
22, pre-impregnated with a 2 % aqueous solution of
PVA and dried in a drying cabinet.
Impregnation with a PVA solution greatly simplifies
the work with the fluffing fabric and does not affect on
its properties, when binding PyC.
Before the experiment, the density of the shaked
CCFs, was preliminarily determined. For this purpose,
the bottom 5 was fixed in the shell 3 and, in the contain-
er formed in this way, the density of: free backfill of the
CCFs in the container and after vibro-compaction, with
an external load of 1200 g, were determined. At the
lower end of the Mo heater, a lower buffer 11 was
formed (from fabric URAL-T-22, with the dimentions:
Ø 70 x Ø 6 x30 mm) and the heater, with a buffer, was
installed in the bottom 5 and a technological stand,
Ø 70 mm. In the center of the height of the container
was placed a paper cup for the quartz cover of the ther-
mocouple, with the dimentions: Ø 10 x Ø 8 x42 mm.
The cup was fixed on the side surface with tape and
pressed to the heater. 109 g of CCFs were freely poured
into the container and the density of their free filling
was calculated. Then, the CCFs were vibro-compacted
(on a technological stand) on the ‘IV-107’ vibrostand,
with an external load of 1200 g applied and their density
was also calculated (see Table 1). Upper buffer 11, with
the dimentions: Ø 70 x Ø 8 x 38 mm, cover 2 and stand
1 were installed on top of the CCFs. The technological
stand was replaced by stand 7 and the preform was
placed in the AGAT-1.6 pyrolysis chamber, No. 1, for
densification with PyC.
The densification process in methane, with an over-
pressure of 300 mm w st., was carried out according to
the regime: temperature rise to 900 °C in 2 h, exposure
to 900 °C for 6 h, temperature rise from 900 to 1010 °C
at a rate 1.25 °C/h, with simultaneous movement of the
pyrolysis zone at a speed of υPZ = 0.33 mm/h. After that
there was the exposure at 1010 °C for 6 h. During the
exposure, the temperature gradient was measured (Table
2). Cooling from 1010 °C to 400 °C was controlled,
with an average speed of 120 °C/h.
RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENT
After densification, the workpiece was turned on a
1K62 lathe to Ø 68.5 mm, the buffers (turned into car-
bon–carbon composite material – CCCM) were cut off,
and the Mo heater was removed. 2 pancakes, with a
thickness of 5 mm, were cut from the lower end for the
research. On the lower pancake, which bordered with
the CCFs (Fig. 5), the cracks, opposite to the Mo heater,
were found. After cutting another 20 mm from the lower
end, the cracks disappeared, indicating that the CCFs, at
the junction with the lower buffer, were in contact with
the Mo heater. The surface cracks, that were on the Ni
CCFBPyC, with an asbestos shell (see Fig. 3), were not
detected.
The hydrostatic (ρHYDROST), pycnometric (ρPYCN)
densities and open (P) porosity were determined for the
workpiece by the hydrostatic method after 4 hours boil-
ing in distilled water. Content of PyC, α, was calculated
by the formula:
α = (ρHYDROST – ρSHAKE)/ρHYDROST×100%.
The CCFs pycnometric density (ρPYCN), measured in
kerosene and iron content CFe are given in the Table 1.
CCFBPyC polishes were made on a grinding ma-
chine and analyzed on MMP-4 microscope. A monolith-
ic, almost without pores structure, with individual pores
in size of 100 µm х 200 μm and metal inclusions with
diameters: 100 µm, 140 µm, 240 µm, 500 μm were
found on them.
156 ISSN 1562-6016. Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. 2023. №2(144)
Thickness of PyC layer was 5…30 μm. There were
no damage detected in the workpiece, after PyC densifi-
cation and lathe turning. The appearance of the turned
workpiece of the CCFBPyC is derived in Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. External view of the
CCFBPyC on Fe
CONCLUSIONS
In the conducted experiment an almost damageless
workpiece of CCFBPyC, with iron present in him, low
open porosity, high density and PyC content equal
91 wt.%, was obtained, in a one cycle. The PyC content
in the workpiece is the same as in the CCCM, known as
“GBPyC–90”, which is based on the EG-0 powder and
is obtained in algorithm: PyC densification of EG-0,
turning the workpiece to powder and minimun once
more PyC dencification of the CCCM, up to the density
of 1.8 g/cm
3
[7].
The presence of slight cracks near Mo heater, at the
junction of the CCFBPyC and the lower damper, can be
explained by the penetration of the CCFs to the heater
through the cracks between its paper winding and the
lower carbon tissue damper or when vibro-compaction,
or when temperature lifting, during the preform heating
for densification with PyC. In order to avoid the scatter-
ing of the CCFs, it is necessary to “pull” the fabric of
the separating layer between the CCF and the bottom of
the perform, onto a paper damper.
Application of technological techniques for receiv-
ing CCFs on Ni, without defects, namely:
– manufaturing of preform shell of carbon tissue;
– separation of CCFs and graphite details with the
damper layers;
– usage of heating stands on the billets;
– controlled cooling of the CCFBPyC, with a speed
not higher, than 200 °C/h – allowed to obtain the same
CCFBPyC on iron.
The application of the dampher layer, formed with
paper on the PVA glue, on the Mo heater, had allowed
to avoid cracks in the material, which could be formed
as a result of a significant difference between Mo and
CCFBPyC CLTRs.
Usage in the densification mode of the CCFs with
PyC, the temperature rise, simultaneous with the
movement of the pyrolysis zone, is advisable, due to the
high density of the obtained CCFBPyC.
The assumption on the possible participation of iron
sulfide in the formation of CCFs, may be checked after
a chemical analysis of the ingredients in the plates of the
SP–A furnace.
REFERENCES
1. V.А. Gurin, S.V. Gabelkov, N.S. Poltavtsev,
I.V. Gurin, S.G. Phursov. Crystal structure of py-
rographite and catalytically deposited carbon // Prob-
lems of Atomic Science and Technology. Series
“Physics of Radiation Effect and Radiation Materials
Science” (89). 2006, N 4, p. 195-199.
2. S.G. Fursov, V.V. Guida, S.A. Lyashenko,
M.V. Meltyukhov, O.S. Aulova. The investigations of a
peculiarities of pyrocarbon gas phase densification of
powders of the catalytic carbon formations (CCFs), ob-
tained on nickel // Problems of Atomic Science and
Technology. Series “Physics of Radiation Effect and
Radiation Materials Science” (132). 2021, N 2,
p. 100-108.
3. I.V. Gurin, B.P. Vvedenskyy, V.A. Gurin,
A.N. Bukolov, S.G. Fursov. Obtaining of long length
carbon catalytic formations and investigation of their
biocompatibility // Biotekhnolohiia. 2011, v. 4, N 2,
p. 54-60 (in Russian).
4. А.I. Kharlamov, N.V. Kyrylova. New model of
carbon nanostructures forming // Coll. of works of the
8th International. conferences “Hydrogen material sci-
ence and chemistry of carbon nanomaterials”, Septem-
ber 14–20, 2003, Sudak, Crimea, с. 438-439.
5. Studies in the field of sulfuric acid production //
Proceedings of the NIUIF, Pubp. 225, M., 1975, p. 150.
6. V.S. Arutyunov et al. Technology of hydrocar-
bon gas processing: Textbook for universities. M.:
“Yurat”, 2020.
7. V.N. Voyevodin, Yu.A. Gribanov, V.A. Gurin,
I.V. Gurin, V.V. Guyda. Carbon-graphite materials in
nuclear power (review) // Problems of Atomic Science
and Technology. Series “Physics of Radiation Effect
and Radiation Materials Science” (96). 2015, N 2,
p. 52-64.
Article received 17.03.2023
УЩІЛЬНЕННЯ ПІРОВУГЛЕЦЕМ КАТАЛІТИЧНИХ УТВОРЕНЬ ВУГЛЕЦЮ (КУВ) НА ЗАЛІЗІ
С.Г. Фурсов, М.В. Мельтюхов, С.А. Ляшенко
Досліджене газофазне ущільнення піровуглецем каталітичних утворень вуглецю (КУВ) на Fe за допомо-
гою методу зони піролізу, що радіально рухається, з одночасним підвищенням температури в зоні піролізу зі
швидкістю 1,25 °С/год. Отримані бездефектні КУВ зв'язані піровуглецем (КУВЗП) з невидаленим каталіза-
тором, зі щільністю і вмістом піровуглецю на рівні матеріалу: графіт, зв'язаний піровуглецем, з його
вмістом – 90 ваг.% (ГЗП-90). Підтверджена необхідність застосування спеціальних технологічних прийомів
при ущільненні піровуглецем КУВ.
Fig. 5. External view of the
CCFBPyC sections
and the pancake on the
border of the CCFBPyC
and lower buffer
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|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-196113 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T13:26:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Fursov, S.G. Meltyukhov, M.V. Lyashenko, S.A. 2023-12-10T12:59:30Z 2023-12-10T12:59:30Z 2023 The pyrocarbon, gas phase densification of the catalytic carbon formations (CCFs), obtained on iron / S.G. Fursov, M.V. Meltyukhov, S.A. Lyashenko // Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. — 2023. — № 2. — С. 153-156. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46813/2023-144-153 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/196113 621.762 Investigations on gas-phase densification of CCFs, obtained on iron, using the radially driven pyrolysis zone and, at the same time, the temperature rise in the pyrolysis zone with the speed of the 1.25 °С/h, were carried out. CCFs, bonded with pyrocarbon (CCFBPyC), not refined from iron, without defects, with density and PyC content corresponding to the material: graphite bonded with pyrocarbon (GBPyC), which include 90 wt.% of PyC (GBPyC-90), were obtained. The necessity of applying the special technological methods in the process of gas-phase densification of CCFs, was confirmed. Досліджене газофазне ущільнення піровуглецем каталітичних утворень вуглецю (КУВ) на Fe за допомогою методу зони піролізу, що радіально рухається, з одночасним підвищенням температури в зоні піролізу зі швидкістю 1,25 ° С/год. Отримані бездефектні КУВ зв’язані піровуглецем (КУВЗП) з невидаленим каталізатором, зі щільністю і вмістом піровуглецю на рівні матеріалу: графіт, з’язаний піровуглецем, з його вмістом – 90 ваг.% (ГЗП-90). Підтверджена необхідність застосування спеціальних технологічних прийомів при ущільненні піровуглецем КУВ. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Problems of Atomic Science and Technology Irradiation installations, diagnostic and research methods The pyrocarbon, gas phase densification of the catalytic carbon formations (CCFs), obtained on iron Ущільнення піровуглецем каталітичних утворень вуглецю (КУВ) на залізі Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | The pyrocarbon, gas phase densification of the catalytic carbon formations (CCFs), obtained on iron Fursov, S.G. Meltyukhov, M.V. Lyashenko, S.A. Irradiation installations, diagnostic and research methods |
| title | The pyrocarbon, gas phase densification of the catalytic carbon formations (CCFs), obtained on iron |
| title_alt | Ущільнення піровуглецем каталітичних утворень вуглецю (КУВ) на залізі |
| title_full | The pyrocarbon, gas phase densification of the catalytic carbon formations (CCFs), obtained on iron |
| title_fullStr | The pyrocarbon, gas phase densification of the catalytic carbon formations (CCFs), obtained on iron |
| title_full_unstemmed | The pyrocarbon, gas phase densification of the catalytic carbon formations (CCFs), obtained on iron |
| title_short | The pyrocarbon, gas phase densification of the catalytic carbon formations (CCFs), obtained on iron |
| title_sort | pyrocarbon, gas phase densification of the catalytic carbon formations (ccfs), obtained on iron |
| topic | Irradiation installations, diagnostic and research methods |
| topic_facet | Irradiation installations, diagnostic and research methods |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/196113 |
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