Місця давніх переправ на Сулі

• Published in: Археологія
• Date: 2023
• Main Author: Корж, А.А.
• Format: Article
• Language: Ukrainian
• Published: Інститут археології НАН України 2023
• Subjects: Статтi
• Online Access: https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/199537
• Journal Title: Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
• Cite this: Місця давніх переправ на Сулі / А.А. Корж // Археологія. — 2023. — № 1. — С. 57-68. — Бібліогр.: 31 назв. — укр.

На основі краєзнавчих матеріалів і карт середини
 ХІХ—ХХ ст. проаналізовано місця існування бродів,
 які функціонували в ранньому залізному віці. Простежено закономірності розташування пам’яток
 скіфського часу та переправ через Сулу. It is known that from ancient times rivers were not only a source of water and certain types of food, but also significant obstacles
 for overland travel. This especially applies toto the second-order watercourses, the length of which reached hundreds of
 kilometers, making it simply impossible to bypass them, including the right tributary of the Dnipro River — the Sula. Therefore,
 usually the most convenient places were chosen to overcome the water obstacle, which had optimal conditions, namely the width
 and depth of the channel, the speed of the current, the convenience of the coastline, etc. Usually there were not many of them and
 they functioned for a considerable period of time.
 In the article the issue of finding important elements of land communication of the Left-bank forest-steppe, namely crossings
 and fords across the Sula River, which could have existed in the Early Iron Age, was considered. Using the analysis of later
 cartographic materials, the locations of such important infrastructure elements of the 19th century as ferry crossings, which were
 usually located in the most favourable sections of the coastline and existed for quite a long time, were identified. Also, the names
 of settlements were taken into account, in which the answer could be found in the search for fords through the Sula. The analysis
 of later historical events that took place in the region helped a lot in solving the issue of finding fords and crossings, because, as
 mentioned above, there were few convenient places and they were usually used for thousands of years.
 In the paper four places on the Sula River that could have been used by the ancient population as fords and crossings, namely:
 Pishchanyi ford on the upper reaches of Sula and Basivka, Hlynsk and “Horoshynskyi portage” in the Sula basin. The locations
 on the right bank of both fortified settlements and large burial mounds of the Early Iron Age demonstrate a certain regularity that
 suggests the presence of crossing-points. We argue that the approach to these crossing-points was also marked on the left bank
 with mounds of 3—4 m height.
 So, the Sula River example shows the perspective of the direction of research of ancient communication routes, namely the
 search for places of ancient crossings and fords with the help of local historical literature, cartographic materials and analysis of
 later historical events that took place in the region.