East Greek and Corinthian Pottery from the So-called Olbian Suburb (Excavations 2015—2021)
This article deals with East Greek and Corinthian painted wares found during the excavations of the socalled suburb of Olbia. The analysis of the imported painted and plain tableware and special vessels allows us to conclude that the formation of this ceramic complex began in the last quarter o...
Збережено в:
| Опубліковано в: : | Археологія |
|---|---|
| Дата: | 2023 |
| Автори: | , , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | English |
| Опубліковано: |
Інститут археології НАН України
2023
|
| Теми: | |
| Онлайн доступ: | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/199578 |
| Теги: |
Додати тег
Немає тегів, Будьте першим, хто поставить тег для цього запису!
|
| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Цитувати: | East Greek and Corinthian Pottery from the So-called Olbian Suburb (Excavations 2015—2021) / A.V. Buiskykh, J. Fornasier, O.H. Kuzmishchev // Археологія. — 2023. — № 3. — С. 21-44. — Бібліогр.: 39 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| id |
nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-199578 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
Buiskykh, A.V. Fornasier, J. Kuzmishchev, O.H. 2024-10-16T12:40:30Z 2024-10-16T12:40:30Z 2023 East Greek and Corinthian Pottery from the So-called Olbian Suburb (Excavations 2015—2021) / A.V. Buiskykh, J. Fornasier, O.H. Kuzmishchev // Археологія. — 2023. — № 3. — С. 21-44. — Бібліогр.: 39 назв. — англ. 0235-3490 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2023.03.021 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/199578 904.23(477.73) This article deals with East Greek and Corinthian painted wares found during the excavations of the socalled suburb of Olbia. The analysis of the imported painted and plain tableware and special vessels allows us to conclude that the formation of this ceramic complex began in the last quarter of the 6th century BC. Based on this, it is assumed that the development of the territory to the of west of Zaiacha Ravine began during this time. The construction of a defensive system with moat and rampart led to the allocation of a new zone of Olbia city due to the growth of the urban population. У статті представлено колекцію розписного довізного посуду, зібрану за результатами досліджень на території т.зв. передмістя в Ольвії відповідно до робіт українсько-німецького проекту з Гете-університетом, Франкфурт-на-Майні та Мартін Лютер-університетом Галле-Віттенберг, Галле (Німеччина), що був здійснений за фінансової підтримки Німецького дослідницького товариства. Колекція складається з 229 фрагментів та окремих посудин східногрецького походження та 29 — коринфського. Керамічний імпорт вивчено за загальноприйнятою методикою — посуд розглянуто або за центрами виробництва (Мілет, Клазомени, Хіос, Фасос, Коринф), або згідно великих типологічних груп (іонійські киліки, напівсферичні чаші, простий смугастий посуд, аски) відповідно до встановленої хронології згідно кожної групи. В результаті встановлено, що найраніші фрагменти південно- та північноіонійського походження, що датуються в межах останньої чверті 6 століття до н. е.., було знайдено у житловому секторі (ділянка Некр.-4), у заповненнях заглиблених споруд, ям та культурних нашаруваннях, а також у великій заглибленій структурі, що досліджувалася у південній частині передмістя (ділянка П-1) та мала культове призначення. У об’єктах, досліджених на цих ділянках, відкрито й найбільшу частину коринфських посудин спеціального призначення, зокрема, мініатюрних форм та піксид. Результатом вивчення імпортованого розписного посуду є нова хронологія розвитку передмістя Ольвії та загалом, його інтерпретація. Так, нова територія на захід від Заячої балки, що обмежувала ядро міста, була включена у міську територію від початку останньої чверті 6 століття до н. е.. через, імовірно, ріст населення поліса. Ця територія із заходу була захищена спеціально створеною лінією оборони у вигляді рову та насипного валу. Це означає, що давня ідея Ю. І. Козуб про існування тут окремого поселення, на території якого у першій половині 5 століття до н. е. з’явилося передмістя, вже залишилася частиною історіографії. Так само, як і ідея К. К. Марченка про переселення у передмістя варварського населення з хори задля його збереження для реколонізації хори через століття. Наша інтерпретація території на захід від Заячої балки як міського району Ольвії, що з’явився пізніше ядра міста, не протирічить даним Геродота (Herod. IV, 78-79). en Інститут археології НАН України Археологія Статтi East Greek and Corinthian Pottery from the So-called Olbian Suburb (Excavations 2015—2021) Східногрецька та коринфська кераміка з ольвійського передмістя (розкопки 2015—2021 рр.) Article published earlier |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| title |
East Greek and Corinthian Pottery from the So-called Olbian Suburb (Excavations 2015—2021) |
| spellingShingle |
East Greek and Corinthian Pottery from the So-called Olbian Suburb (Excavations 2015—2021) Buiskykh, A.V. Fornasier, J. Kuzmishchev, O.H. Статтi |
| title_short |
East Greek and Corinthian Pottery from the So-called Olbian Suburb (Excavations 2015—2021) |
| title_full |
East Greek and Corinthian Pottery from the So-called Olbian Suburb (Excavations 2015—2021) |
| title_fullStr |
East Greek and Corinthian Pottery from the So-called Olbian Suburb (Excavations 2015—2021) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
East Greek and Corinthian Pottery from the So-called Olbian Suburb (Excavations 2015—2021) |
| title_sort |
east greek and corinthian pottery from the so-called olbian suburb (excavations 2015—2021) |
| author |
Buiskykh, A.V. Fornasier, J. Kuzmishchev, O.H. |
| author_facet |
Buiskykh, A.V. Fornasier, J. Kuzmishchev, O.H. |
| topic |
Статтi |
| topic_facet |
Статтi |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Археологія |
| publisher |
Інститут археології НАН України |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
Східногрецька та коринфська кераміка з ольвійського передмістя (розкопки 2015—2021 рр.) |
| description |
This article deals with East Greek and Corinthian
painted wares found during the excavations of the socalled
suburb of Olbia. The analysis of the imported
painted and plain tableware and special vessels allows
us to conclude that the formation of this ceramic
complex began in the last quarter of the 6th century BC.
Based on this, it is assumed that the development of the
territory to the of west of Zaiacha Ravine began during
this time. The construction of a defensive system with
moat and rampart led to the allocation of a new zone
of Olbia city due to the growth of the urban population.
У статті представлено колекцію розписного довізного посуду, зібрану за результатами досліджень на території т.зв.
передмістя в Ольвії відповідно до робіт українсько-німецького проекту з Гете-університетом, Франкфурт-на-Майні
та Мартін Лютер-університетом Галле-Віттенберг, Галле (Німеччина), що був здійснений за фінансової підтримки
Німецького дослідницького товариства. Колекція складається з 229 фрагментів та окремих посудин східногрецького
походження та 29 — коринфського. Керамічний імпорт вивчено за загальноприйнятою методикою — посуд розглянуто або за центрами виробництва (Мілет, Клазомени, Хіос, Фасос, Коринф), або згідно великих типологічних груп
(іонійські киліки, напівсферичні чаші, простий смугастий посуд, аски) відповідно до встановленої хронології згідно
кожної групи. В результаті встановлено, що найраніші фрагменти південно- та північноіонійського походження, що датуються в межах останньої чверті 6 століття до н. е.., було знайдено у житловому секторі (ділянка Некр.-4), у заповненнях заглиблених споруд, ям та культурних нашаруваннях, а також у великій заглибленій структурі, що досліджувалася
у південній частині передмістя (ділянка П-1) та мала культове призначення. У об’єктах, досліджених на цих ділянках,
відкрито й найбільшу частину коринфських посудин спеціального призначення, зокрема, мініатюрних форм та піксид.
Результатом вивчення імпортованого розписного посуду є нова хронологія розвитку передмістя Ольвії та загалом,
його інтерпретація. Так, нова територія на захід від Заячої балки, що обмежувала ядро міста, була включена у міську
територію від початку останньої чверті 6 століття до н. е.. через, імовірно, ріст населення поліса. Ця територія із заходу була захищена спеціально створеною лінією оборони у вигляді рову та насипного валу. Це означає, що давня ідея
Ю. І. Козуб про існування тут окремого поселення, на території якого у першій половині 5 століття до н. е. з’явилося
передмістя, вже залишилася частиною історіографії. Так само, як і ідея К. К. Марченка про переселення у передмістя
варварського населення з хори задля його збереження для реколонізації хори через століття. Наша інтерпретація
території на захід від Заячої балки як міського району Ольвії, що з’явився пізніше ядра міста, не протирічить даним
Геродота (Herod. IV, 78-79).
|
| issn |
0235-3490 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/199578 |
| citation_txt |
East Greek and Corinthian Pottery from the So-called Olbian Suburb (Excavations 2015—2021) / A.V. Buiskykh, J. Fornasier, O.H. Kuzmishchev // Археологія. — 2023. — № 3. — С. 21-44. — Бібліогр.: 39 назв. — англ. |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT buiskykhav eastgreekandcorinthianpotteryfromthesocalledolbiansuburbexcavations20152021 AT fornasierj eastgreekandcorinthianpotteryfromthesocalledolbiansuburbexcavations20152021 AT kuzmishchevoh eastgreekandcorinthianpotteryfromthesocalledolbiansuburbexcavations20152021 AT buiskykhav shídnogrecʹkatakorinfsʹkakeramíkazolʹvíisʹkogoperedmístârozkopki20152021rr AT fornasierj shídnogrecʹkatakorinfsʹkakeramíkazolʹvíisʹkogoperedmístârozkopki20152021rr AT kuzmishchevoh shídnogrecʹkatakorinfsʹkakeramíkazolʹvíisʹkogoperedmístârozkopki20152021rr |
| first_indexed |
2025-11-25T16:38:51Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-11-25T16:38:51Z |
| _version_ |
1850518333728751616 |
| fulltext |
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 3 21
УДК: 904.23(477.73) https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2023.03.021
© A. V. BUISKYKH, J. FORNASIER, O. H. KUZMISHCHEV* 2023
EAST GREEK AND CORINTHIAN POTTERY FROM THE
SO-CALLED OLBIAN SUBURB (EXCAVATIONS 2015—2021)
This article deals with East Greek and Corinthian
painted wares found during the excavations of the so-
called suburb of Olbia. The analysis of the imported
painted and plain tableware and special vessels allows
us to conclude that the formation of this ceramic
complex began in the last quarter of the 6th century BC.
Based on this, it is assumed that the development of the
territory to the of west of Zaiacha Ravine began during
this time. The construction of a defensive system with
moat and rampart led to the allocation of a new zone
of Olbia city due to the growth of the urban population.
K e y w o r d s: Olbia Pontica, chronology, suburb, East
Greek and Corinthian pottery.
Introduction
In the course of seven years (2015—2021),
excavations were carried out on the territory of
the so-called Olbian suburb within the framework
of the Ukrainian-German research project
“Ancient Urban Development at the Edge of
the Greek Oikumene. Archaeological Research
in the Suburban Area of Olbia Pontica” on the
basis of the Olbian International Archaeological
Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of NAS
of Ukraine1. The main focus of the project is to
study the historical topography of Olbia by means
of archaeological research and multidisciplinary
1 The project was initiated with Goethe University, Frankfurt
am Main (2015—2019) and continues with Martin Luther
University, Halle-Wittenberg (2020—2025); the project
co-directors are Jochen Fornasier and Alla Buiskykh. The
project’s fieldwork is funded by the German Research
Foundation (DFG), no. FO 497/2.
studies on the settlement structure revealed by
Yu. I. Kozub to the west of Zaiacha Ravine in Olbia
in 1964. Following Yu. I. Kozub, this structure
entered historiography as an urban suburb, as
mentioned by Herodotus (Herod. IV, 78-79). After
geophysical prospection, which helped to define the
extent of the suburb to 25 ha2, several excavations
were made on this territory. The sectors for the
investigations were chosen in different areas in
order to discover structures of different sizes and,
probably, to the extent that could be inferred from
the geophysical survey (fig. 1). As a result, it was
possible to identify several deepened structures in
the mainland and above-ground building objects
of different functional purposes: residential and
household complexes consisting of dwellings,
pits and hearths; the section of a defensive system
composed moat and reduced rampart and other
constructions which we interpreted as having been
used for cult purposes (main publications on the
project: Fornasier, Buiskykh, Kuzmiščev, Patzelt,
Helfert, Kratzsch 2017; Fornasier, Buiskykh,
2021; Fornasier, Buiskykh, Kuzmishchev 2022;
Buiskykh, Fornasier 2022).
The present article attends to one controversial
point which remained unexplained after previous
excavations. It is about chronology and the
archaeological materials from the end of the
6th century BC. Yu I. Kozub did not associate
them with the suburb. She attributed them to a
settlement which, from her point of view, existed
here earlier and therefore preceded the appearance
of the suburb, and she dated the constructions of
the suburb to the middle of the 5th century BC (Ко-
зуб 1979, с. 3-4). This conclusion was developed
with the assumption that the reduction of the
Olbian chora at the end of the first quarter of the
5th century BC coincided with the appearance of
residential structures in the suburb, to which, as
the author of this idea believed, the indigenous
chora inhabitants, in other words barbarians, were
2 The cycle of geophysical research was carried out by Arno
Patzelt with financial support of the Fritz Thyssen Founda-
tion.
* BUISKYKH Alla Valeriivna — Dr. Hab., Corresponding
member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
Deputy Director, Institute of Archaeology, National
Academy of Sciences, ORCID: 0000-0001-7233-1288,
abujskikh@ukr.net
FORNASIER Jochen — Prof. Dr. Hab., Institute of Art
History and European Archaeologies, Martin Luther
University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany,
ORCID: 0000-0002-1660-8251, jochen.fornasier@altertum.
uni-halle.de
KUZMISHCHEV Oleksandr Hennadiiovych — Ph. D.,
Research Fellow, Institute of Archaeology, National
Academy of Sciences, Department of Classical Archaeology,
ORCID: 0000-0003-2718-7111, a.kuzm@ukr.net
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 322
relocated. According to this interpretation, the
suburb itself was considered a kind of reservation
for the potential slaves of the polis (Марченко
1982, с. 135). This interpretation has managed to
gain approval in historiography (Виноградов 1989,
с. 101). The decline of the suburb was attributed
to events associated with the recolonisation of the
chora in the first half of the 4th century BC, which
only strengthened the assumption of a century and
a half of agricultural workers used by the polis
for work on the chora territory (Марченко, 1982,
с. 136). It is now clear that all these questions have
long been waiting for a full-fledged and reasoned
revision.
This is why chronology became one of the main
questions while planning the work on the project;
it turned out to be the foundation on which all the
subsequent interpretation was built. The collection
of ceramic materials accumulated during the years
of fieldwork turned out to be quite presentable and
allowed us not only to define certain buildings
accurately enough, but also to make general
considerations concerning the chronology of the
main stages of the existence of this vast settlement
structure, and on this basis to correct the earlier
conclusions of the general historical development.
Analytics
In this article, we are interested in the earliest
phase associated with the appearance of the so-
called suburb and the dating of its early buildings.
The basis for detailed dating is several types of
imported pottery, first of all, East Greek tableware
and Corinthian pottery3. The collection studied
consists of 229 fragments and restored tableware
and special vessels of East Greek origin, including
Chios, and 26 Corinthian pieces, without taking
into account those cases where several fragments
belonged to the same vessel4.
The consideration of East Greek imports in the
Ionian colonial centres traditionally begins with
3 Another type of ceramic import that gives narrow dating,
Athenian pottery, is beyond the scope of our work and is
the subject of a separate publication.
4 Since large collections of East Greek and Corinthian pot-
tery from Olbia, including those from excavations of the
so-called suburb before 2015, and from Borysthenes and
the sites of the Olbian chora, have already been published
as detailed catalogues with an exhaustive bibliography of
finds of these ceramics at Mediterranean and Black Sea
sites (Буйских, Буйских 2010; Буйских 2013; Буйских
2019); in this paper, to save space, only the most necessary
reference apparatus is given.
Milesian vessels. These vessels are in the Fikellu-
ra style: the rim of a table amphora (fig. 2: 1) and
an amphoriskos (fig. 2: 2). The rim, decorated with
oblique and not very accurate tongue ornament,
most likely belongs to one of the late groups (N,
O, P, R, Q according to R. Cook) and is dated with-
in the last third of the 6th century BC (Cook 1936,
p. 26-39). Vessels with such decorations are well
represented in the ceramic collection of Olbia and
Borysthenes (Буйских 2013, кат. 1.10-1.23; 2019,
кат. 1.213-1.219). The amphoriskos, the body of
which is decorated with a dotted reticulation with
crosses and crescents in the lower part, also dates
from the third quarter to the end of the 6th centu-
ry BC (Cook 1936, p. 48-49). The full analogy
for such a vessel comes from the excavations of
the necropolis of Ialysos in Rhodes (Jacopi 1929,
fig. 266). Similar amphoriskoi are known in Olbia,
including in the burial of the city necropolis, and
in Borysthenes (Буйских 2013, кат. 1.216, 1.222,
1.223, 1.236, 1.241-1.243; 2019, кат. 1.236, 1.240;
Скуднова 1988, кат. 232;).
We also found two monochrome Milesian
amphoriskoi. A high conical vessel on a flat
foot, decorated with thin bands in the bottom
part and below the shoulders (fig. 2: 3), is well
known in ceramic complexes of the end of the 6th
century BC in Olbia (Буйских 2013, кат. 1.244-
1.249). Such an amphoriskos was found in a
burial site of the Olbian necropolis located in
close proximity to the suburbs. It emerged at
the same time as the separation of the area west
of the Upper City into a residential area and a
necropolis took place (Buiskykh, Ivchenko 2021,
fig. 14: 4). Amphoriskoi of this type are known
in the necropolis of Camirus in Rhodes (Jacopi
1931, fig. 99: 161, 181, 190, 192, 198, 150, 279;
Jacopi 1932, fig. 12). Judging by the elongated
body (fig. 2: 4), the bottom part of the second
amphoriskos on a profiled foot copies the shape
of a transport amphora of the early 5th century
BC; such vessels have also been found in Olbia
and in Borysthenes (Буйских 2013, кат. 1.250-
1.252; 2019, кат. 1.293-1.295).
The North Ionian ware is represented by its
late types. These are fragments of black-figure
vessels — a table amphora with the depiction
of a grazing bull (?) (fig. 3: 1) and an olpe with
the depiction of a hand with taenia, most likely a
dancing comast (fig. 3: 2). Stylistically, the table
amphora belongs to the Clazomenian circle; its
date is closer to the last third of the 6th century BC,
since the drawing is cursory, sloppy and the details
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 3 23
Fig. 1. Territory of Olbian suburb with sectors of excavations in 2015-2021: 1 — Некр.-4; 2 — Некр.-7; 3 — П-1; 4 — П-2;
5 — Sector “Orient”, necropolis excavations. The dotted line shows the moat route. Source — Google Earth platform
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 324
Fig. 2. Milesian pottery: 1 — O-2018/П-1/656; 2 — O-2018/П-1/90, 422; 3 — O-2016/Некр.-4/548; 4 — O-2016/Некр.-7/183
lack purple. As for the small fragment of the olpe,
the fluent stylistics of the image unmistakably
point to late North Ionian vase painting, which
is characterised by exaggerated and elongated
human figures. Such vessels are already known in
the necropolis of Olbia (Скуднова 1988, кат. 254);
they also come from the section of the necropolis
closest to the suburbs (Buiskykh, Ivchenko 2021,
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 3 25
Fig. 3. Clazomenian and North Ionian (Clazomenian circle) pottery: 1 — O-2021/П-1/474; 2 — O-2019/П-2/283;
3 — O-2021/П-1/770; 4 — O-2015/Некр.-4/305; 5 — O-2015/Некр.-4/523; 6 — O-2016/Некр.-4/5; 7 — O-2015/Некр.-4/724;
8 — O-2016/Некр.-4/657; 9 — O-2021/П-1/70; 10 — O-2020/П-2/212
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 326
fig. 18: 3). Table amphorae with the image of an
octopus in a metope (fig. 3: 3) belonging to the
Enmann class with a dating of 530—520 BC
correlate with the imitation of the Clazomenian
style (Cook 1952, p. 136, 147). Such vessels are
already known in the ceramic collection of Olbia
(Буйских 2013, кат. 4.47) and they are particularly
abundant in Borysthenes (Копейкина 1979, с. 15,
рис. 12; Ильина 2010, кат. 35-43; Буйских 2019,
кат. 5.25-5.27).
The study of late types of East Greek ceram-
ics from the suburb looks productive against the
background of comparing collections of two
sites — Borysthenes, where these ceramics are
already almost absent, and Chersonesus, where,
in contrast, these materials only just emerge. This
observation is fully applicable to the Knipovich
class table amphorae with rows of scales (fig. 3:
4—8), which date to 530—510 BC (Cook 1952,
p. 137-138; Cook, Dupont 1998, p. 102). As a
rule, in closed complexes after 500 BC such ves-
sels are extremely rare, and even then, they are
most likely associated with an earlier horizon
(e.g., Nymphaion: Домжальский, Чистов, 2003,
с. 5, рис. 5; Ильина, Чистов 2012b, табл. 118,
10). In Olbia and in Borysthenes, their numbers
are abundant (Скуднова 1988, кат. 25; Буйских
2013, кат. 4.101-4.223; 2019, с. 126, кат. 5.45-
5.55; Копейкина 1979, с. 18-19, рис. 19—20).
They are also present in the settlements of the
Olbian chora Velyka Chornomorka-2, Beikush,
Chortuvate-7 and Stara Bohdanivka-1 (Буйских
С., Буйских А. 2010, рис. 4: 23—25; 12: 15—
17; 20: 1—2; 22: 6). In contrast, such vessels do
Fig. 4. Clazomenian and North Ionian (Clazomenian circle) pottery: 1 — O-2016/Некр.-4/20; 2 — O-2018/П-1/202;
3 — O-2020/П-2/103; 4 — O-2021/П-1/70
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 3 27
Fig. 5. Simple-waved table amphorae: 1 — O-2015/Некр.-
4/722; 2 — O-2016/Некр.-4/547; 3 — O-2015/Некр.-4/663;
4 — O-2015/Некр.-4/608; O-2016/Некр.-4/42; 5 — O-2017/
Некр.-4/201
not exist in the early collections of Chersonesus,
which allows us to confirm their production be-
fore 494 BC, the time of the conquest of Ionia by
the Persians.
The production of large table amphorae, the
bodies of which are decorated with alternating
bands of glaze and purple separated by thin bands
of white paint (fig. 3: 9), is connected with the North
Ionian centres. These vessels were thought to be
dated at the end of the 6th century BC, although it is
now clear that they were used for a longer period,
including the first half of the 5th century BC,
judging by the presence of such fragments in the
early ceramic complexes of Chersonesus (Рыжов,
Лесная 2018, рис. 1: 1). The painting of a large
half-closed vessel in the form of carelessly applied
multi-petaled palmettes with white dots (fig. 3: 10)
can also be considered an imitation of Clazomenian
vase painting. An identical vessel is already known
in Olbia (Буйских 2013, кат. 4.60). Judging by the
manner of painting, it could have been produced
before the turn of the 6th to the 5th century BC or
at the very beginning of the 5th century BC. The
rounded, glazed rims (fig. 4: 1) and flat circular
feet (fig. 4: 2—4) are related to the North Ionian
table amphorae — the whole amphora with scale
ornament from the Olbia necropolis has exactly
such a foot (Скуднова 1988, кат. 25). One of the
feet has a perforated bottom (fig. 4: 3), indicating
that the vessel was used for ritual libations.
Table amphorae and other vessels with simple
wave decoration on the neck and body (fig. 5:
1—5) were also produced in various Ionian centres
during the entire 6th century BC. The closed
forms of olpai, lekythoi or large domestic wares
decorated with one or two rows of loops, however,
are usually associated with North Ionian centres
or their imitations (see, e.g., the North Aegean
imitations: Ersoy 2004, p. 58-59, fig. 19; Perron
2013, p. 133-140). The Olbian ceramic complex
yields high numbers of such forms for the late 6th
and early 5th century BC (Буйских 2013, кат. 9.11-
9.29).
Among the materials of the suburb, a signifi-
cant number of small table amphorae with a rib on
the neck and one-handle vessels of the olpe and le-
kythos type with glazed bands on the body and the
edge of the rim draw attention. Table amphorae, as
a rule, had a continuous light slip around the body;
glaze covered the upper part of the neck and raised
handles; several bands of glaze, sometimes alter-
nating with purple, were centred along the body
and in the bottom part; under the neck was a belt
of doubled spots of glaze and white paint; the up-
per part of the low base was accented with a glazed
band (fig. 6: 1—2; 7: 1—14). Such amphorae were
produced from the beginning of the 5th century BC
to the middle or third quarter of the 5th century BC
and are already known in the building complexes
of the suburb and central part of Olbia (Буйских
2013, кат. 9.99-9.121). They are also well repre-
sented in the early classical ceramic complex of
Chersonesus (Рыжов, Лесная 2018, рис. 1: 4;
Лесная 2020, рис. 3: 1—16). Complete vessels
are known in the necropoleis of Rhodes (Jacopi
1929, fig. 174; Jacopi 1931, fig. 149, 156). Banded
olpai and lekythoi (figs. 6, 3; 7, 10) may well be-
long to local Olbian production; such vessels were
in use almost throughout the entire 5th century BC.
Among the materials from the so-called
suburbs, there is also a large number of open
forms — Ionian bowls with everted and straight
rims. Bowls with everted rim are represented by
the latest versions, both imported and probably
made locally (fig. 8: 1—5, 9, 1—2). Similar
vessels were produced in the last quarter of
6th — very early 5th century BC. They are known
in considerable quantity in Olbia, including
in complexes dating before 500 BC (Буйских
2013, кат. 5.61-5.71) and in the cultural layer
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 328
Fig. 6. Simple-banded table amphorae (1—2) and a jug (3): 1 — O-2017/Некр.-4/53, 147; 2 — O-2020/П-2/10, 213; 3 — O-2019/П-2/418
of the section of the city necropolis closest to
the suburb (Buiskikh, Ivchenko 2021, fig. 18:
6—7). Interestingly, they are known in significant
numbers in Nikonion (Секерская, Буйских
2019, с. 204, рис. 2: 2—15; 3, 1—5), with single
finds of such vessels originating from the early
collection of Chersonesus (Лесная 2020, с. 100,
рис. 1: 1—5).
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 3 29
Fig. 7. Simple-banded table amphorae and jugs (1—9, 11—14), a lekythos (10): 1 — O-2017/Некр.-4/54, 57; 2 — O-2016/
Некр.-4/665; 3 — О-2019/П-2/359; 4 — О-2017/ Некр.-4/55; 5 — O-2019/П-2/115; 6 — O-2019/П-2/530; 7 — O-2018/Некр.-
7/25; 8 — O-2018/Некр.-7/79; 9 — О-2015/ Некр.-4/99; 10 — O-2018/П-2/31; 11 — O-2019/П-2/282; 12 — O-2015/Некр.-
4/134; 13 — O-2015/Некр.-4/313; 14 — O-2018/П-1/361
Finds of bowls with a displaced edge are repre-
sented by another variant of forms (fig. 9: 3—4),
which are believed to be imitations of the so-
called Paros cups produced on the island of Tha-
sos in the late 6th century BC (Blondé, Perreault,
Péristéri 1992, p. 24 ff., fig. 11: 8—11; 12: 8—9;
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 330
Fig. 8. Ionian cups with everted rims: 1 — O-2015/Некр.-4/74; O-2016/Некр.-4/37; 2 — O-2015/Некр.-4/16, 786; 3 — O-2015/
Некр.-4/810; O-2016/Некр.-4/546; 4 — O-2016/Некр.-4/719; 5 — O-2018/П-1/317
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 3 31
Fig. 9. Ionian cups with everted rims: 1 — O-2017/Некр.-4/16; 2 — O-2018/П-1/258, 421; Thasian imitations of Parian cups:
3 — O-2021/П-1/670; 4 — O-2021/П-1/670a; cups with dotted rosettes: 5 — O-2017/Некр.-4/236; 6 — O-2018/П-1/657; simple-
banded cups: 7 — O-2016/Некр.-4/433; 8 — O-2018/П-1/30; 9 — O-2018/P-1/382; 10 — O-2018/П-1/200; 11 — O-2016/
Некр.-4/257, 258, 271; 12 — O-2016/Некр.-4/543; 13 — O-2016/Некр.-4/43; 14 — O-2015/Некр.-4/490; 15 — O-2015/Некр.-
4/662; 16 — O-2015/Некр.-4/72; O-2016/Некр.-4/41, 266
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 332
Fig. 10. Simple-banded dishes and plates (1—5), a lekane (6), a crater (7): 1 — 2016/Некр.-4/256; 2 — 2015/Некр.-4/423;
O-2016/Некр.-4/412-413; 3 — O-2017/Некр.-7/314; 4 — O-2021/П-1/626; 5 — O-2017/Некр.-4/197; 6 — O-2016/Некр.-7/5;
7 — O-2021/П-1/166
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 3 33
Fig. 11. Simple-banded miniature olpai (1—10), an amphoriskos (11), miniature olpai with glazed neck (12—13), a
miniature vessel (14): 1 — O-2016/Некр.-4/265; 2 — O-2016/Некр.-4/520; 3 — O-2016/Некр.-4/545; 4 — O-2016/
Некр.-4/262; 5 — O-2016/Некр.-4/267, 268; 6 — O-2017/Некр.-4/60; 7 — O-2018/П-1/650; 8 — O-2020/П-2/281;
9 — O-2021/П-1/3; 10 — O-2019/П-2/83; 11 — O-2016/Некр.-4/656; 12 — O-2016/Некр.-4/40; 13 — O-2016/Некр.-4/38,
255; 14 — O-2018/П-1/485, 649
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 334
Fig. 12. Ionian askoi: 1 — O-2015/Некр.-4/488; 2 — O-2016/Некр.-4/39; 3 — O-2018/П-1/319; 4 — O-2021/П-1/257;
5 — O-2019/П-2/19
14: 13—5). It was at this time that the mass impor-
tation of the Thasian painted ceramics and wine in
transport amphorae to Olbia began; finds of such
cups in Olbia, in Borysthenes and at the chora set-
tlements are numerous (Буйских С., Буйских А.
2010, рис. 5: 11—12; 24: 3—4; Буйских 2013,
кат. 12.1-12.22; 2019, кат. 6.134-6.137).
The following open forms are numerous
bowls, among which is a fragment of a hemi-
spherical bowl with vertical rays in the area of the
handles and dotted rosettes (fig. 9: 6), which were
in use until the end of the 6th century BC (Kersch-
ner 2006, S. 243). Such bowls, in addition to Ol-
bia itself, are known in chora settlements up to
the Gulf of Odessa — the settlement of Prymor-
skyi Bulvar and in Nikonion (Буйских, Редина
2015, рис. 14: 1—2; Секерская, Буйских 2019,
рис. 4: 1—2). There is also a later derivative
form, in which the dotted rosettes are absent and
the purple bands in the interior become thin lines
(fig. 9: 5). It is possible that this variant can be
dated to the turn of the 6th to the 5th century BC
or the very beginning of the 5th century BC. Most
likely, there are such fragments in the early ce-
ramic collection of Chersonesus (Лесная 2020,
рис. 1: 6 7). Conversely, in the collection of Bo-
rysthenes, such fragments are literally singular
(Буйских 2019, кат. 3.174), but are also known
in Nikonion (Секерская, Буйских 2019, рис. 4:
3—6).
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 3 35
Fig. 13. Chian pottery: 1 — O-2017/Некр.-7/235; 2 — O-2010/Некр.-7/64, 126; 3 — O-2016/Некр.-4/286; 4 — O-2018/П-1/487;
5 — O-2017/Некр.-4/63; 6 — O-2016/Некр.-4/552; 7 — O-2016/Некр.-4/285; 8 — O-2016/Некр.-4/284; 9 — O-2017/Некр.-
4/203; 10 — O-2017/Некр.-4/200; 11 — O-2018/П-1/122; 12 — O-2016/Некр.-4/283; 13 — O-2017/Некр.-4/61
A set of bowls with curved or bent edge, sitting
on a flat pedestal or on a ring, with wide and thin
bands on the inner wall together with a foot of
a late Ionian crater, have a wide dating and are
characteristic for the last quarter and the end of the
6th — the first half of the 5th century BC (fig. 9:
7—16; 10, 1—7). Such bowls are abundantly
represented in the collection of Olbia (Буйских
2013, кат. 9.216-9.273). They are also found in the
late complexes of Borysthenes (Ильина, Чистов
2012а, табл. 106, 1-8). Moreover, such bowls
appear in the early collection of Chersonesus
(Рыжов, Лесная 2018, рис. 1: 5). Numerous
miniature olpai with double bands along the
shoulders or, in the latest forms, without bands
at all are also dated to the turn of the 6th to the
5th century BC (fig. 11: 1—13) (Буйских 2013,
кат. 9.151-9.152; 2019, кат. 6.141-6.142), as is a
miniature pyxis with thin glazed bands (fig. 11:
14).
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 336
Fig. 14. Corinthian miniature cotylai: 1 — O-2015/Некр.-4/100; 2 — O-2021/P-1/259; 3 — O-2015/Некр.-4/611; 4 — O-2016/
Некр.-4/280; 5 — O-2018/П-1/569; 6 — O-2017/Некр.-4/206; 7 — O-2015/Некр.-4/272; 8 — O-2015/Некр.-4/610;
9 — O-2016/Некр.-4/279; 10 — O-2015/Некр.-4/727; O-2016/Некр.-4/552, 721; 11 — O-2021/П-1/27; 12 — O-2016/Некр.-
4/553; 13 — O-2021/П-1/346
Special forms of Ionian simple-banded pottery
are represented by askoi. Among them, there is a
neck of a large North Ionian or Clazomenian type
of the last quarter of the 6th century BC (fig. 12:
1); a more precise attribution cannot be given
due to its fragmentary preservation. Such askoi
are known in Olbia (Копейкина 1979, рис. 15;
Буйских 2013, кат. 9.194-9.195). The remaining
fragments of askoi (fig. 12: 2—5) correlate with
vessels with a broad dating within the second half
of the 6th century BC. They are widely represented
in the ceramic collection of Olbia (Буйских 2013,
кат. 9.183-9.193).
Chian pottery from the excavations of the sub-
urb include a significant number of different forms.
The earliest of them is the wall from a black-figure
chalice of the Comast Group (fig. 13: 1). The con-
ical shape of the chalice and the fluent style of the
painting (a small fragment does not allow us to say
anything for sure about the nature of the already
very stylized image) leads us to conclude that this
vessel is probably one of the most recent among
the vessels of this type and most likely belongs to
group E or F with a dating of 560—540 BC (Lem-
os 1991, p. 189). Findings of chalices of the Co-
mast Group, both early and late variants, are well
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 3 37
Fig. 15. Corinthian pottery: 1 — O-2015/Некр.-4/325; 2 — O-2015/Некр.-4/324; 3 — O-2017/Некр.-4/196; 4 — O-2015/Некр.-
4/609; 5 — O-2021/П-1/769; 6 — O-2015/Некр.-4/773; 7 — O-2015/Некр.-4/250; 8 — O-2018/П-1/651; 9 — O-2020/П-2/105
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 338
Fig. 16. Corinthian pottery: a pyxis (1), pyxis’ ieads (2—3), plates (4—5), a coarse ware (6): 1 — O-2015/Некр.-4/393; 2 — O-2016/
Некр.-7/19; 3 — O-2016/Некр.-7/177; 4 — O-2016/Некр.-4/261; 5 — O-2019/П-2/429; 6 — O-2015/Некр.-4/790
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 3 39
known in the collections of Borysthenes and Ol-
bia (Ильина 2005, кат. 124-128; Буйских 2013,
кат. 10.16-10.23; 2019, кат. 8.77-8.97;). Interest-
ingly, another late black-figure vessel of another
group — a miniature pot — was found in the sub-
urb (Буйских 2013, кат. 10.95). Therefore, finds
from the territory of the Olbian suburb suggest a
longer production of such vessels. It should also be
noted that these vessels are now the earliest in the
collection of table ceramics of the suburb.
Next in chronological order are monochrome
slipped chalices with thin bands of red or orange
glaze (fig. 13: 2—3). The light curvature of the wall
at the bottom of one of the vessels indicates its dat-
ing within the end of the 6th century BC (Буйских
2013, кат. 10.141-10.144). Among the Chian pot-
tery of the suburbs there is a unique vessel — a
bottom wall of an askos (fig. 13: 4). Such a ves-
sel is up to now only known in the ceramic collec-
tion of Olbia (Буйских 2013, кат. 10.104). Min-
iature olpai are also represented in large numbers
(fig. 13: 5—10). These vessels are usually found
in large quantities in the urban layers of Olbia, in
the necropolis burials and chora settlements and
in Borysthenes from the last quarter of the 6th —
early 5th century BC (Скуднова 1988, кат. 59; 60;
97;102; 194; 215; Буйских 2013, кат. 10.156-
10.173; 2019, кат. 8.115-8.121; Буйских С.,
Буйских А. 2010, рис. 10: 14; 13, 14—16; 21: 3;
25, 5—6; Ильина 2005, кат. 229-244;).
It should be noted that a significant number
of finds of Corinthian pottery belongs, without
exception, to the late Second Corinthian period,
i.e. after 540 BC (for a more precise chronology of
painted Corinthian pottery see: Dehl-von-Kaenel
1995, S. 32-42). These are, first of all, miniature
skyphoi or cotylai, mainly with zigzag (fig. 14:
1—6), meander (fig. 14: 7—8) or drop-shaped
decoration (fig. 14: 11) between the handles; in a
few cases the decoration is unclear (fig. 14: 9—10,
12—13). In addition to the miniature forms, there
are also finds of black-glazed skyphoi, including
the one with the thin rays in the lower part (fig. 15:
1—9); these vessels were produced simultaneously
with the miniature forms. The find of a fragment of
a so-called powder pyxis — with concave walls
decorated with vertical wavy tongues (fig. 16: 1)
is a single specimen. There are also a lid to a pyxis
of this type (fig. 16: 2) and a handle from a lid
for a pyxis with convex walls (fig. 16: 3). These
vessels were made, most likely, in White Style
(more details about this style: Букина 2012, с. 55).
A fragment of a monochrome plate decorated
with thin bands of red paint (fig. 16: 4) and a
one-handled bowl with traces of red paint on the
inner and outer walls (fig. 16: 5) were also found.
Finally, a fragment of a thick-walled flat-bottomed
household vessel, roughly shaped, most probably
not produced on a potter’s wheel but moulded and
classified as coarse ware (fig. 16: 6) was found.
Probably, it is the bottom part of a deep household
vessel with straight walls (possible analogy of the
shape: Amyx, Lawrence 1975, cat. An 318). It
should be noted that all Corinthian vessels found in
the suburb have numerous analogies in the cultural
layers and building complexes of Olbia (Буйских
2013, c. 189 сл., кат. 13.25-13.46, 13.204-13.276.
13.281-283).
Conclusions
Based on the results of the review of two
groups of ceramic finds and taking into account the
already conducted detailed study of construction
sites (Форнасье, Буйских, Кузьмищев 2017,
с. 34-43; Fornasier, Buiskykh, Kuzmishchev 2022,
p. 72-88; Buiskykh, Fornasier 2022, p. 206-212),
we can come to several conclusions. First of all,
the typological distribution of ceramic finds within
the four investigated sectors is of interest5. Sector
Necr.-4 (fig. 1: 1) was located in a residential
area and yielded the largest number of ceramic
fragments from the last quarter of the 6th century
to the first half of the 5th century BC — 46.5% of
the East Greek pottery and 60% of the Corinthian
pottery. Two of the six askoi (fig. 12: 1—2), the
main number of fragments of Clazomenian type
table amphorae with scales (fig. 3: 4—8) and
all fragments of simple waved amphorae (fig. 5:
1—5) and over two dozen fragments from other
closed forms, including banded lekythoi, were
found here. Virtually intact vessels of later times
were also revealed, including a banded table
amphora (fig. 6: 1), a miniature olpe (fig. 11: 13)
and fragments from another nine miniature olpai
of earlier times (fig. 11: 1—6, 11—12). Equally
significant is the number of open vessels, a variety
of bowls, including such with everted rims, of
which forty-five were found (fig. 8: 1—4; 9: 1,
5, 7, 11—16; 10: 1—3, 5). Also noteworthy is
5 For the convenience of quantitative counting, the finds
from the overlying layers and destruction layers were
combined with the finds from the site fills, especially since
in a number of cases they were collected, including finds
found in different years, or, conversely, fragments of one
vessel were found in different fills.
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 340
the significant number of various Chian vessels,
constituting half of all finds. Eight fragments
from chalices and miniature olpai were discovered
(fig. 13: 2—3, 5—10, 12—13). Corinthian vessels
were intensively used, 15 specimens of them were
found. Dominating among the finds are miniature
skyphoi or cotylai (fig. 14: 1—3, 6—10, 12),
normal-sized skyphoi (fig. 15: 1—4, 6—7) and a
plate fragment (fig. 16: 4); there are also special
vessels used in everyday life, mainly pyxides
(fig. 16: 1—2), and vessels used in house economy
(fig. 16: 6). Such a diverse set of utensils in
quantitative and qualitative respects is also typical
for residential areas of Olbia at the same time.
The sector of the defensive moat, Nekr.-
7 (fig. 1: 2), on the contrary, yielded the lowest
number of such finds, respectively 4% of the East
Greek pottery and 4% of the Corinthian pottery;
that in general is not surprising. At the same time,
we should note that the set of these vessels does
not differ from those found in the residential area,
along the edge of which the ditch route passed.
Among them, there is a fragment of a Chian
chalice of the Comast Group, the earliest in the so-
called suburb (fig. 13: 1), and a fragment from a
large Corinthian pyxis’ lid (fig. 16: 3).
Sector P-1 (fig. 1: 3), associated with the cult
construction, which we previously associated
with a possible place of worship of Demeter
(Fornasier, Buiskykh, Kuzmishchev 2022, p. 84-
88), yielded 20.2% of the East Greek pottery and
24% of the Corinthian pottery. This is where the
earliest pottery was found, represented by large
shapes: both Milesian vessels, a fragment from a
table amphora and a Fikellura-style amphoriskos
(fig. 2: 1—2), both fragments of black-figure
table amphorae of the Clazomenian circle
(fig. 3: 1, 3) and a foot from such an amphora
(fig. 4: 2, 4). Also among the rarer finds is a foot
of a late Ionian crater (fig. 10: 7). Three of the
six askoi were also found here, including two
Ionian banded (fig. 12: 3—4) and a Chian one
(fig. 13: 4). In addition, a significant number
of open vessels, like bowls of various shapes
(fig. 8: 5; 9, 2, 6, 8—10; 10: 4). Both fragments
of Thasian imitations of Paros’ cups were also
found in the fillings of this object (fig. 9: 3—4).
A comparatively small quantity of Chian pottery
attracts attention. Apart from the askos fragment,
only one fragment of a miniature olpe was found
(fig. 13: 11). Six Corinthian skyphoi were also
found, including four miniature vases (fig. 14:
2, 5, 11, 13; 15: 5. 8).
Sector P-2 (fig. 1: 4) revealed a large dugout, in
general atypical for use as a residential structure,
so its purpose remains unclear. Based on the set
of finds it could have been used for cult purposes
(Буйських, Форнасьє, Кузьміщев 2020, с. 178).
Given the fact that this dugout is located just a few
metres to the north of the previous sector, it seems
likely that the southern area of the Olbian suburb
was indeed used for sacral activity. The study of the
dugout yielded 29.4% of the East Greek and 12%
of the Corinthian pottery. First of all, it is clear that
the set of finds, open and closed forms, are dated
mainly to the 5th century BC; only very little finds
can be dated to the late 6th century BC. This means
that the buried structure discovered at the site
appeared later than the one discovered at sector
P-1, but it too was in existence longer, namely
during the 5th and, judging by the contents of its
filling, still within the first half of the 4th century
BC. Among the finds we can distinguish the upper
part of a large storage (?) vessel with the image
of a multi-petaled palmette on the stem, decorated
with white dots. It is probably an imitation of the
Clazomenian style of vase painting (fig. 3: 10).
Such a vessel is already known in Olbia (Буйских
2013, кат. 4.60). We also found several complete
shapes and large fragments of vessels such as
table amphorae and olpai (fig. 6: 2—3), a foot of
a table amphora with a perforation for libations
(fig. 4: 3), numerous fragments from table vessels
with a rib on the neck, mutilated tongues under
the neck and bands under the handles (fig. 7: 3,
5—6, 11). It should be noted that open vessels are
represented by literally single fragments; there are
no Ionian bowls with displaced rim and almost no
finds of other bowls. One fragment of a banded
askos was discovered (fig. 12: 5). Among the few
finds of Corinthian pottery is an almost completely
preserved monochrome plate with a handle for
hanging (fig. 16: 5).
Therefore, the main conclusion that can be
made from the results of the study of the East
Greek and Corinthian painted and plainware is that
the development of the flat area to the west of the
urban core, limited by Zaiacha Ravine, the territory
of the so-called suburb, began in the last quarter
of the 6th century BC. It is clear, however, that it
appeared in a previously unoccupied territory
rather than overlapping the existing settlement
on this site. Therefore, in principle, there was
no separate settlement to the of west of Zaiacha
Ravine when Olbia was already founded. The
necessity of opening up the new space for further
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 3 41
development of the settlement structure was most
probably related to the rapid growth of the city’s
population and the need for new areas for the
construction of residential and public buildings,
including religious buildings. The open space and
lack of natural barriers led to the construction of an
artificial defensive system consisting of a moat and
a rampart — the construction of the defensive line
contributed to the separation of the new settlement
area from the growing urban necropolis as well
(Buiskykh, Fornasier 2022, p. 205-211). Most
likely, deepened residential structures appeared
simultaneously with the construction of defensive
frontiers. At least in the southern part of the
enclosed area other objects, like those connected
with worship, appeared both at the same time with
the earliest residential structures and later, when
the suburb was already a functioning area.
Another equally important conclusion is that
the set of vessels, both those used for eating and
drinking and those of special domestic purpose,
does not differ in any way from similar sets known
from the excavations of the city of Olbia. It is
necessary to pay attention to this point, because
the presence in the fills of such specific domestic
vessels as askoi, miniature olpai and a significant
number of Corinthian vessels does not further
support the idea that the settlement structure of
the suburb was intended to be the home of the
barbarians for the future cultivation of the land of
the chora.
Therefore, the examined imported ceramics found
in the strata and building complexes of the so-called
suburb, along with other finds, allowed us to come to
a different conclusion, which, from our point of view,
objectively reflects the state of the archaeological
source. The settlement structure called “suburb” is
in fact part of the urban area of Olbia from the last
quarter of the 6th century BC onward. Its appearance
was caused by the limited territory of the city, confined
to the east by the river and to the west and north by
deep ravines. Therefore, the nearest reserve territory
for further spatial development was only the area to
the west of Zaiacha Ravine. From our point of view,
this assumption is at least partially contradictory to
Herodotus’ account of the Scythian king Skyles and
the stay of his army in the Olbian suburb (Herod. IV,
78-79). However, these accounts are not beyond doubt
and it is not even certain whether Herodotus himself
was in the Olbian city at all (Fornasier, Buiskykh
2023, S. 101-114). However, even if the ancient
historiographer did indeed visit the Milesian colony
on the banks of the Hypanis, the new archaeological
findings could still be reconciled, at least to some
extent, with Herodotus’ misleading formulation
about the suburb of Olbia. The secondary character
of this area with its still rather deepened structures in
comparison to the core of the city, the upper plateau
of which contained several sacral areas with temples
and urban quarters of the common Hellenic type,
could well contribute to his interpretation as an urban
suburb. The construction of the defensive system
in the form of two lines of ditches, north and west,
would also not be contradictory to the latter thesis
(Buiskykh, Fornasier 2022, p. 206-215, fig. 12: 2).
In general, the expressed considerations based
on archaeological research and analytical work with
archaeological sources allowed us to not only sig-
nificantly clarify the historical topography of Olbia
and correctly date new construction sites, but also to
make a number of corrections to the reconstruction
of the early history of the Olbian polis.
Буйских, А. В. 2013. Архаическая расписная керами-
ка из Ольвии (восточногреческая, лаконская, коринфская,
имитации). Киев: Стародавній світ.
Буйских, А. В. 2019. Архаическая расписная керамика
из Борисфена (раскопки 1960—1980 гг.). Киев: ИА НАН
Украины.
Буйских, А. В., Редина, Е. Ф. 2015. Античное поселе-
ние «Приморский бульвар». Итоги исследований и про-
блема хронологии. Материалы по археологии Северного
Причерноморья, 13, с. 100-129.
Буйських, А. В., Форнасьє, Й., Кузьміщев, О. Г. 2020.
Дослідження ольвійського передмістя. В: Болтрик Ю. В. та
ін. (ред.). Археологічні дослідження в Україні 2019. Київ:
ІА НАН України, с. 176-178.
Буйских, С. Б., Буйских, А. В. 2010. К хронологии арха-
ических поселений хоры Ольвии Понтийской. Боспорские
исследования, XXIV, с. 3-64.
Букина, А. Г. 2012. Коринфские вазы с орнаментами
белого стиля. Российская археология, 1, с. 49-56.
Виноградов, Ю. Г. 1989. Политическая история Оль-
вийского полиса VII—I вв. до н.э. Москва: Наука.
Домжальский, К., Чистов, Д. Е. 2003. Итоги работ на
участке «Н» (1994—1998). В: О. Ю. Соколова (ред). Ма-
териалы Нимфейской экспедиции I. Санкт-Петербург: Го-
сударственный Эрмитаж, с. 3-41.
Ильина, Ю. И. 2005. Хиосская керамика из раскопок на
острове Березань. В: Соловьев С. Л. (ред.). Борисфен – Бе-
резань. Археологическая коллекция Эрмитажа, 1. Санкт-
Петербург: Государственный Эрмитаж, с. 70-173.
Ильина, Ю. И. 2010. Клазоменская керамика из раско-
пок на Березани. В: Соловьев С. Л. (ред.), Борисфен – Бе-
резань. Археологическая коллекция Государственного Эр-
митажа II, Труды Государственного Эрмитажа, LIV.
Санкт-Петербург: Государственный Эрмитаж, с. 141-170.
Ильина, Ю. И., Чистов, Д. Е. 2012а. Античный город
на Березани в конце VI – первой четверти V в. до н.э. На-
ходки. В: Чистов Д. Е. (ред.). Материалы Березанской
(Нижнебугской) античной археологической экспедиции,
2. Санкт-Петербург: Государственный Эрмитаж, с. 95-105.
Ильина, Ю. И., Чистов, Д. Е. 2012b. Находки из на-
пластований второй – последней четвертей V в. до н.э.
В: Чистов Д. Е. (ред.). Материалы Березанской (Нижне-
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 342
бугской) античной археологической экспедиции, 2. Санкт-
Петербург: Государственный Эрмитаж, с. 108-113.
Козуб, Ю. І. 1979. Передмістя Ольвії. Археологія, 29,
с. 3-34.
Копейкина, Л. В. 1979. Развитие чернофигурного сти-
ля в клазоменской керамике (по материалам из раскопок
на о. Березань). В: Горбунова К. С. (ред.). Из истории Се-
верного Причерноморья в античную эпоху. Ленинград: Ав-
рора, с. 7-25.
Лесная, Е. С. 2020. Восточногреческая керамика из рас-
копок Херсонеса Таврического. Археологические вести,
27, с. 99-112.
Марченко, К. К. 1982. К вопросу о так называемом пред-
местье Ольвии. Вестник древней истории, 3, с. 126-136.
Рыжов, С. Г., Лесная, Е. С. 2018. О некоторых находках
из раскопок 6-й поперечной улицы в Херсонесе. Боспор-
ские чтения, ХIX, с. 409-414.
Секерская, М. Н., Буйских, А. В. 2019. Ранняя распис-
ная керамика из Никония. Материалы по археологии Се-
верного Причерноморья, 14, с. 203-212.
Скуднова, В. М. 1988. Архаический некрополь Ольвии.
Ленинград: Искусство.
Форнасье, Й., Буйских, А. В., Кузьмищев, А. Г. 2017.
Новые данные об ольвийском предместье. В: Гаврилюк
Н. О. та ін. (ред.). Північне Причорномор’я за античної
доби (на пошану С.Д. Крижицького). Київ: Інститут архео-
логії НАН України, с. 33-44.
Amyx, D. A., Lawrence P. 1975. Archaic Corinthian Pot-
tery and the Anaploga Well. Corinth VII, II. Princeton, New
Jersey: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
Blondé, F., Perreault, J. Y., C. Péristéri 1992. Un atelier de
potier archaїque à Phari (Thasos). In: Blondé, F. et al. (eds.).
Les ateliers de potiers dans le Monde Grec aux géométrique,
archaїque et classique. Actes de la Table Ronde organisée à
l’École française d’Athènes (2 et 3 octobre 1987). Bulletin de
correspondance hellénique, suppl. XXIII, p. 11-40.
Buiskykh, A. V., Ivchenko, A. V. 2021. The Necropolis of
Olbia Pontica in the 6th and 5th Centuries BCE. New Data on the
Territorial Development. In: Fornasier J. (ed.). An den Ufern
des Bug. На берегах Бугу. Deutsch-ukrainische Ausgrabungen
in Olbia Pontike im Kontext internationaler Forschungen zu
antiken Migrationsprozessen. Bonn: Rudolph von Habelt
GmbH, p. 155-184.
Buiskykh, A. V., Fornasier, J. 2022. The City Versus Its
Suburb: The Spatial Development of Pontic Olbia. Ancient Civ-
ilizations from Scythia and Siberia, 28, p. 195-230.
Cook, R. M. 1936. Fikellura Pottery. Annual of the British
School at Athens, 34, p. 1-98.
Cook, R. M. 1952. A List of Clazomenian Pottery. Annual
of the British School at Athens, 47, p. 123-152.
Cook, R. M., Dupont, P. 1998. East Greek Pottery. Lon-
don, New York: Routledge.
Dehl-von-Kaenel, Ch. 1995. Die archaische Keramik aus
dem Malophoros-Heiligtum in Selinunt. Berlin: n./p.
Ersoy, Ya. E. 2004. Klazomenai: 900—500 BC. History
and Settlement Evidence. In: Moustaka A. et al. (eds.). Klazom-
enai, Teos and Abdera: Metropoleis and Colony. Proceedings
of the International Symposium held at the Archaeological Mu-
seum of Abdera. Thessaloniki, p. 43-76.
Fornasier, J., Buiskikh, A. V., Kuzmiščev, A. G., Patzelt,
A., Helfert, M., Kratzsch, N. 2017. Vor den Toren der Stadt.
Deutsch-ukrainische Forschungen in der Vorstadt von Olbia
Pontike, Archäologischer Anzeiger, 1, S. 19-61.
Fornasier, J., Buiskich, A. V. 2021. Ansichten einer
(Vor-)Stadt. Die griechische Schwarzmeerkolonie Olbia im
Spiegel deutsch-ukrainischer Forschungen. In: Fornasier J. at
al. (eds.). An den Ufern des Bug. На берегах Бугу. Deutsch-
ukrainische Ausgrabungen in Olbia Pontike im Kontext
internationaler Forschungen zu antiken Migrationsprozessen.
Bonn: Rudolph von Habelt GmbH, S. 203-227.
Fornasier, J., Buiskykh, A. V., Kuzmishchev, O. H. 2022.
Urban Planning with Divine Protection? On the Location of
(Sub-)Urban Sanctuaries in Olbia Pontica in the Archaic-Clas-
sical Period. Археологія, 2, с. 67-95.
Fornasier, J. Buiskykh, A. V. 2023. Skythisch-olbische
(Kultur-)Kontakte im 5. Jahrhundert v. Chr. — ein altes
Problem neu betrachtet. In: Pankau Cl. et al. (eds.), Ein
Schwabe in der Welt. Festschrift für Rüdiger Krause zu
seinem 65. Geburtstag. Bonn : Rudolph von Habelt GmbH,
S. 101-114.
Jacopi, G. 1929. Scavi nella necropolis di Jalisso 1924—
1928. Clara Phodos III. Rodi.
Jacopi, G. 1931. Scavi nelle necropoli Camiresi 1929—
1930. Clara Phodos IV, Rodi.
Jacopi, G. 1932. Esplorazione archeologica di Camiro – II.
Clara Phodos VI—VII, I. Rodi.
Kerschner, M. 2006. Zum Beginn und zu den Phasen
griechischen Kolonisation am Schwarzen Meer. Eurasia An-
tiqua, 6, S. 227-250.
Lemos, A. 1991. Archaic Pottery of Chios. The Decorated
Styles. Oxford: Oxford University.
Perron, M. 2013. “Waveline” Household Pottery from Ar-
gilos (6th – 5th century BC): An Overview. In: Adam-Veleni
Pet al. (eds.). Pottery Workshops in Northeastern Aegean (8th –
early 5th c. BC). Scientific Meeting AMTh 2010. Thessaloniki,
p. 133-142.
А. В. Буйських1, Й. Форнасьє2, О. Г. Кузьміщев3
1Член-кореспондент НАН України, заступник директора Інституту археології НАН України, ORCID: 0000-0001-7233-
1288, abujskikh@ukr.net
2Доктор хаб., професор, Інститут історії мистецтв та європейської археології, Університет Мартіна Лютера Галле-
Віттенберг, ORCID: 0000-0002-1660-8251, jochen.fornasier@altertum.uni-halle.de
3Кандидат історичних наук, науковий співробітник, Інститут археології НАН України, відділ античної археології,
ORCID: 0000-0003-2718-7111, a.kuzm@ukr.net
СХІДНОГРЕЦЬКА ТА КОРИНФСЬКА КЕРАМІКА З ОЛЬВІЙСЬКОГО ПЕРЕДМІСТЯ
(РОЗКОПКИ 2015—2021 рр.)
У статті представлено колекцію розписного довізного посуду, зібрану за результатами досліджень на території т.зв.
передмістя в Ольвії відповідно до робіт українсько-німецького проекту з Гете-університетом, Франкфурт-на-Майні
та Мартін Лютер-університетом Галле-Віттенберг, Галле (Німеччина), що був здійснений за фінансової підтримки
Німецького дослідницького товариства. Колекція складається з 229 фрагментів та окремих посудин східногрецького
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 3 43
походження та 29 — коринфського. Керамічний імпорт вивчено за загальноприйнятою методикою — посуд розгля-
нуто або за центрами виробництва (Мілет, Клазомени, Хіос, Фасос, Коринф), або згідно великих типологічних груп
(іонійські киліки, напівсферичні чаші, простий смугастий посуд, аски) відповідно до встановленої хронології згідно
кожної групи. В результаті встановлено, що найраніші фрагменти південно- та північноіонійського походження, що да-
туються в межах останньої чверті 6 століття до н. е.., було знайдено у житловому секторі (ділянка Некр.-4), у заповнен-
нях заглиблених споруд, ям та культурних нашаруваннях, а також у великій заглибленій структурі, що досліджувалася
у південній частині передмістя (ділянка П-1) та мала культове призначення. У об’єктах, досліджених на цих ділянках,
відкрито й найбільшу частину коринфських посудин спеціального призначення, зокрема, мініатюрних форм та піксид.
Результатом вивчення імпортованого розписного посуду є нова хронологія розвитку передмістя Ольвії та загалом,
його інтерпретація. Так, нова територія на захід від Заячої балки, що обмежувала ядро міста, була включена у міську
територію від початку останньої чверті 6 століття до н. е.. через, імовірно, ріст населення поліса. Ця територія із за-
ходу була захищена спеціально створеною лінією оборони у вигляді рову та насипного валу. Це означає, що давня ідея
Ю. І. Козуб про існування тут окремого поселення, на території якого у першій половині 5 століття до н. е.. з’явилося
передмістя, вже залишилася частиною історіографії. Так само, як і ідея К. К. Марченка про переселення у передмістя
варварського населення з хори задля його збереження для реколонізації хори через століття. Наша інтерпретація
території на захід від Заячої балки як міського району Ольвії, що з’явився пізніше ядра міста, не протирічить даним
Геродота (Herod. IV, 78-79).
К л ю ч о в і с л о в а: Ольвія Понтійська, хронологія, передмістя, східногрецька та коринфська кераміка
References
Buiskykh, A. V. 2013. Arkhaicheskaia raspisnaia keramika iz Olvii (vostochgrecheskaia, lakonskaia, korinfskaia, imitatsii).
Kyiv: Starodavnii svit.
Buiskykh, A. V. 2019. Arkhaicheskaia raspisnaia keramika iz Borisfena (raskopki 1960—1980 gg.). Kyiv: IA NAN Ukrainy.
Buiskykh, A. V., Redina, E. F. 2015. Antichnoe poselenie “Primorskii bulvar”. Itogi issledovanii i problema khronologii. Ma-
terialy po arkheologii Severnogo Prichernomoria, 13, p. 100-129.
Buiskykh, A. V., Fornasier, J., Kuzmishchev, O. H. 2020. Doslidzdennia olviiskogo peredmistia. In: Boltryk Yu. V. et al.
(eds). Arkheologichni doslidzhennia v Ukraini 2019. Kyiv: IA NAN Ukrainy, p. 176-178.
Buiskykh, S. B., Buiskykh, A. V. 2010. K khronologii arkhaicheskikh poselenii khory Olvii Pontiiskoi. Bosporskie issledo-
vaniia, XXIV, p. 3-64.
Bukina, A. G. 2012. Korinfskie vazy s ornamentami belogo stilia. Rossiiskaia arkheologiia, 1, p. 49-56.
Vinogradov, Yu. G. 1989. Politicheskaia istoriia Olviiskogo polisa VII—I vv. do n. e.. Moskva: Nauka.
Domzhalskii, K., Chistov D. E. 2003. Itogi rabot na uchastke “N” (1994—1998). In: Sokolova O. Yu. (ed.). Materialy Nim-
feiskoi ekspeditsii, I. Sankt-Peterburg: Gosudarstvennyi Ermitazh, p. 3-41.
Ilina, Yu. I. 2005. Khiosskaia keramika iz raskopok na ostrove Berezan. In: Solovov S. L. (ed.). Borisfen – Berezan.
Arkheologicheskaia kollertsiia Ermitazha, 1. Sankt-Peterburg: Gosudarstvennyi Ermitazh, p. 70-173.
Ilina, Yu. I. 2010. Klazomenskaia keramika iz raskopok na Berezani. In: Solovov S. L. (ed.). Borisfen – Berezan.
Arkheologicheskaia kollertsiia Ermitazha II. Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha, LIV. Sankt-Peterburg:
Gosudarstvennyi Ermitazh, p. 141-170.
Ilina, Yu. I., Chistov, D. E. 2012a. Antichnyi gorod na Berezani v kontse VI – pervoi chetvertei V d. do n. e.. Nakhod-
ki. In. Chistov D. E. (ed.). Materialy Berezanskoi (Nizhnebugskoi) antichnoi arkheologicheskoi ekspeditsii, 2. Sankt-
Peterburg: Gosudarstvennyi Ermitazh, p. 95-105.
Ilina, Yu. I., Chistov, D. E. 2012b. Nakhodiki iz naplastovanii vtoroi – poslednei chetvertei V v. do n. e.. In. Chistov D. E.
(ed.). Materialy Berezanskoi (Nizhnebugskoi) antichnoi arkheologicheskoi ekspeditsii, 2. Sankt-Peterburg: Gosudarst-
vennyi Ermitazh, p. 108-113.
Kozub, Yu. I. 1979. Peredmistia Olvii. Arheologia, 29, p. 3-34.
Kopeikina, L. V. 1979. Razvitie chernofigurnogo stilia v klazomenskoi kermike (po materialam iz raskopok na o. Berezan).
In: Gorbunova K. S. (ed.). Iz istorii Severnogo Prichernomoriia v antichnuiu epokhu. Leningrad: Avrora, p. 7-25.
Lesnaia, E. S. 2020. Vostochnogrecheskaia keramika iz raskopok Khersonesa Tavricgeskogo. Arkheologicheskie vesti, 27,
p. 99-112.
Marchenko, K. K. 1982. K voprosu o tak nazyvaemom predmestie Olvii. Vestnik drevnei istorii, 3, p. 126-136.
Ryzhov, S. G., Lesnaia, E. S. 2018. O nekotorykh nakhodkakh iz raskopok 6-i poperechnoi ulitsy v Khersonese. Bosporskie
chteniia, ХIX, p. 409-414.
Sekerskaia, N. M., Buiskykh, A. V. 2019. Ranniaia raspisnaia keramika iz Nikoniia. Materialy po arkheologii Severnogo
Prichernomoria, 14, p. 203-212.
Skudnova, V. M. 1988. Arkhaicheskii nekropol Olvii. Leningrad: Iskusstvo.
Fornasier. J., Buiskikh, A. V., Kuzmishchev, A.G. 2017. Novye dannye ob olviiskom predmestie. In: Gavryliuk N.O. et
al. (eds). Pivnichne Prychornomoria za antychnoi doby (na poshanu S.D. Kryzhytskogo). Kyiv: IA NAN Ukrainy, p. 33-
44.
Amyx, D. A., Lawrence P. 1975. Archaic Corinthian Pottery and the Anaploga Well. Corinth VII, II. Princeton, New Jersey:
The American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
Blondé, F., Perreault, J. Y., C. Péristéri 1992. Un atelier de potier archaїque à Phari (Thasos). In: Blondé, F. et al. (eds.). Les
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2023, № 344
ateliers de potiers dans le Monde Grec aux géométrique, archaїque et classique. Actes de la Table Ronde organisée à
l’École française d’Athènes (2 et 3 octobre 1987). Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, suppl. XXIII, p. 11-40.
Buiskykh, A. V., Ivchenko, A. V. 2021. The Necropolis of Olbia Pontica in the 6th and 5th Centuries BCE. New Data on
the Territorial Development. In: Fornasier J. (eds.). An den Ufern des Bug. На берегах Бугу. Deutsch-ukrainische
Ausgrabungen in Olbia Pontike im Kontext internationaler Forschungen zu antiken Migrationsprozessen. Bonn:
Rudolph von Habelt GmbH, p. 155-184.
Buiskykh, A. V., Fornasier, J. 2022. The City Versus Its Suburb: The Spatial Development of Pontic Olbia. Ancient Civiliza-
tions from Scythia and Siberia, 28, p. 195-230.
Cook, R. M. 1936. Fikellura Pottery. Annual of the British School at Athens, 34, p. 1-98.
Cook, R. M. 1952. A List of Clazomenian Pottery. Annual of the British School at Athens, 47, p. 123-152.
Cook, R. M., Dupont, P. 1998. East Greek Pottery. London, New York: Routledge.
Dehl-von-Kaenel, Ch. 1995. Die archaische Keramik aus dem Malophoros-Heiligtum in Selinunt. Berlin: n./p.
Ersoy, Ya. E. 2004. Klazomenai: 900—500 BC. History and Settlement Evidence. In: Moustaka A. et al. (eds.). Klazomenai,
Teos and Abdera: Metropoleis and Colony. Proceedings of the International Symposium held at the Archaeological Mu-
seum of Abdera. Thessaloniki, p. 43-76.
Fornasier, J., Buiskikh, A. V., Kuzmiščev, A. G., Patzelt, A., Helfert, M., Kratzsch, N. 2017. Vor den Toren der Stadt.
Deutsch-ukrainische Forschungen in der Vorstadt von Olbia Pontike, Archäologischer Anzeiger, 1, S. 19-61.
Fornasier, J., Bujskich, A. V. 2021. Ansichten einer (Vor-)Stadt. Die griechische Schwarzmeerkolonie Olbia im Spiegel
deutsch-ukrainischer Forschungen. In: Fornasier J. at al. (eds.). An den Ufern des Bug. На берегах Бугу. Deutsch-
ukrainische Ausgrabungen in Olbia Pontike im Kontext internationaler Forschungen zu antiken Migrationsprozessen.
Bonn: Rudolph von Habelt GmbH, S. 203-227.
Fornasier, J., Buiskykh, A. V., Kuzmishchev, O. H. 2022. Urban Planning with Divine Protection? On the Location of (Sub-)
Urban Sanctuaries in Olbia Pontica in the Archaic-Classical Period. Археологія, 2, с. 67-95.
Fornasier, J. Buiskykh, A. V. 2023. Skythisch-olbische (Kultur-)Kontakte im 5. Jahrhundert v. Chr. — ein altes Problem
neu betrachtet. In: Pankau Cl. et al. (eds.), Ein Schwabe in der Welt. Festschrift für Rüdiger Krause zu seinem 65.
Geburtstag. Bonn : Rudolph von Habelt GmbH, S. 101-114.
Jacopi, G. 1929. Scavi nella necropolis di Jalisso 1924—1928. Clara Phodos III. Rodi.
Jacopi, G. 1931. Scavi nelle necropoli Camiresi 1929—1930. Clara Phodos IV, Rodi.
Jacopi, G. 1932. Esplorazione archeologica di Camiro – II. Clara Phodos VI—VII, I. Rodi.
Kerschner, M. 2006. Zum Beginn und zu den Phasen griechischen Kolonisation am Schwarzen Meer. Eurasia Antiqua, 6,
S. 227-250.
Lemos, A. 1991. Archaic Pottery of Chios. The Decorated Styles. Oxford: Oxford University.
Perron, M. 2013. “Waveline” Household Pottery from Argilos (6th – 5th century BC): An Overview. In: Adam-Veleni Pet al.
(eds.). Pottery Workshops in Northeastern Aegean (8th – early 5th c. BC). Scientific Meeting AMTh 2010. Thessaloniki,
p. 133-142.
|