Summaries
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| Published in: | Народна творчість та етнологія |
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| Date: | 2015 |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Iнститут мистецтвознавства, фольклористики та етнології iм. М.Т. Рильського НАН України
2015
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| Online Access: | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/201868 |
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| Journal Title: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Cite this: | Summaries // Народна творчість та етнологія. — 2015. — № 5. — С. 111-114. — англ. |
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| citation_txt | Summaries // Народна творчість та етнологія. — 2015. — № 5. — С. 111-114. — англ. |
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| container_title | Народна творчість та етнологія |
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111
SUMMARIES
Mayboroda Alexander. Empire and Ethnicity: the Crises of Mutual iInfluences. The article analyzes the mechanism
for internationallaw securing of the principle of nationstate structuring of the European system since the XVIth century,
which would formally put an end to domination of empires and hand the system management over to national states. However,
in course of the study we succeeded in ascertaining that in reality the empires had not lost their ability to subjugate separate
elements of the system. In addition, with the deepening of capitalisticity of space, the interrelation of the empires became more
and more competitive in view of their hierarchical arrangement: the higher was the ranking of an empire in the structure of the
system, the more subordinate became the flows of trade, the most profitable of which, for the condensation of potential of
national energy, passed along the Silk Road.
As the analysis of historical sources showed, most materials for assessment of mutual influences between empires and
ethnicity are given by the histories of Great Britain and Russia. The British Empire was the largest in the history of mankind. It
developed by means of annexing both internal (Ireland, Scotland) and overseas colonies, with India being the largest and most
profitable.
The consequences of British governing (it is generally said exactly about English one, thereby confirming the ethniccore
nature of the British nation) in India have no unambiguous appraisal. For instance, the English economist John A. Hobson, who
presented his analysis of imperialistic policy in 1902, when Britain was fully taking advantage of its colonies, came forward as
its implacable critic and as a protagonist of a consensual model of world order. Militarism being a means of expanding empire’s
space was estimated by J. Hobson as a bestial yearning for struggle, which has turned from primary necessity into a need.
At the same time, Niall C. Ferguson, comparing the virtues and vices of the British Empire, affirmed that the weight of the
former was much greater, since none of societies in history has done more for free movement of commodity, capital and labour
force, for dissemination of the Western law and public administration over the world than the British Empire in the XIXth –
early XXth centuries. The idea of the positive impact of Britain on the natives of its colonies is not without reason, and if the
positive is admitted in the case of India, then it had the more substance with respect to the colonies populated by the ethnic
communities endued with potestas. All the more so, because Britain has really elaborated democratic traditions and could offer
them to other countries.
As to the capacity for carrying out the civilizing mission, the Russian Empire substantially yielded to the British one. The
Russian state (having become Rus-s-ian after its conversion into multiethnic empire) emerged on the northeastern fringes of
former Rusian space. There it unfolded its properties by mixing the political traditions and practices of aboriginal (the ante
Rusian habit endued with potestas to augment its potential by looting its neighbours, which has not been completely ousted by
the cratocratic order of the Ancient Rus times) and implanted (absolutist concentration of power and establishment from above
of its tough line of command modelled after Mongol Empire) nature. Taking into consideration the antiWestern orientation of
the Mongol Empire, the borrowing of its model of ruling order (in order to obtain the loyalty of its provinces, Russia exhausted
the Russians by introducing, into their ethnic consciousness, the complex of uncritical, apologetic ethnocentrism and narcissism
from the ability to conquer other nations, to subject them to humiliation and to appropriate their natural resources, while justifying
all that by the thesis of historic mission of the Russian nation to unite those other nations, forcing them to friendship) did not
contribute to the civilization progress of the new state: by the temporhythm of evolution, it remained behind the main players
of international relations.
Keywords: empire, ethnicity, colony, mutual influences, Great Britain, Russia, John A. Hobson, Niall C. Ferguson.
Sushko Valentyna. Local Variations of Slobozhanshchyna’s Ukrainian Traditional Culture. With the rise of
independent Ukrainian state, in the Ukrainian ethnology, there has been renewed an interest in the themes whose studying was,
in the Soviet times, virtually impossible by political reasons. Among those was the research of Ukrainian traditional culture of
northeastern Ukraine – Slobozhanshchyna.
The paper gives a description of local variants: of folk architecture, which was, for traditional culture, an appropriate ethnic,
regional and local marker of community; of folk costume – the same token not only of community, but also an individual; and
also of family rituals, which play a role of important indication of folk culture as well.
The historical and ethnographic region of Slobozhanshchyna embraces, according to modern administrative division, almost
all of Kharkiv Region, southeastern districts of Sumy Region, some northern districts of Donetsk Region and northern districts
of Luhansk Region in Ukraine, as well as – southern Kursk, Bielgorod, and Voroniezh regions of the Russian Federation.
The singularity of historical and ethnographic region of Slobozhanshchyna was determined by: 1) late recent colonization
of the region – since the second half of the XVIIth century; 2) multinational composition of population with the preservation,
within the limits of a certain ethnic group, of local features of its provenance’s region; and 3) early and intensive industrial
development of the region. At present, the region’s modern territorial separation between the two countries has become an
important factor. The Ukrainians are, in the region, not only the titular but also the most numerous ethnic group.
The accumulated data array allows distinguishing, within the region’s Ukrainian ethnical group, three main groups:
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• Populace of southwestern districts of Sumy Region; most of Bohodukhiv, Zolochiv, northern Kharkiv (former Lyptsi
district), and Vovchansk districts of Kharkiv Region; and southern Ukrainian villages of Shebekino District of the RF are
referred by us to the northern group, while the region of its provenance, by using the data of the exequies, is attributed to Volyn
and Eastern Halychyna.
• Chuhuyiv, Shevchenkove, Dvorichna, Izium, Borova, Kupyansk districts of Kharkiv Region, as well as northern Luhansk
Region, constitute a separate common variety of traditional culture, which we designate as the southeast region. And the region
of provenance of the bulk of the region’s presentday old residents, in our opinion, is Podillia.
• The interjacent group is the western districts of Kharkivshchyna (southern Bohodukhiv District, Krasnokutsk, Kolomak,
Valky, and Nova Vodolaha districts, and partly Zmiyiv District) since some peculiarities of traditional culture bring it
closer to the northern group, and by certain features this part of Slobozhanshchyna gravitates to adjoining Poltavshchyna.
In our judgment, the region of provenance of the Ukrainian population of this part of Slobozhanshchyna is Middle Dnipro
Ukraine.
The undeniable fact is the Carpathian, particularly Boyko’s, colonization of the lands of modern Lebedyn District of Sumy
Region. The information is corraborated by the data of this area’s folk and church architecture of both the midXXth century
and the 1990s.
The degree of scientific examination of the region’s traditional culture significantly indicates the originality, level of
development, diversity and richness of this culture. The very study of the culture of migrants from different places of their
ancestors’ fatherland and the comparison of these data with the changes of culture in the regions of provenance give scholars a
wide field for researching the dynamics and special features of the transformation processes of folk culture on the whole.
Keywords: Sloboda Ukraine, Sloboda Ukrainians, traditional folk culture, folk architecture, costume, family rites, natal
rites, nuptial rites, exequies.
Ponimariova Iryna. Specific Features in the Alimentary System of the Cis-Azov Greeks. The article analyses the state
of conservation of the cooking traditions of the cisAzov Greeks and ascertains the extent of ethnocultural interplays which have
arisen in consequence of their migration from the Crimea to the Ukrainian lands during the 1768–1774 RussianTurkish war.
While researching, a number of local names and recipes of local dishes have been recorded and put into scientific circulation.
Due to making use of the field materials, the authoress succeeded in tracing changes in cisAzov Greek traditional cuisine and
in analysing its current state.
The detection of original elements in the Greek alimentary system has witnessed that its specificity is an ambiguous
phenomenon, being complex in a peck of set of interacting factors as well. Among them can be distinguished natural geographical,
demographical, confessional, and historical factors. The latter are connected with the people’s ethnogenetic memory and
contain deep archaic features. Depending on specific conditions and their interaction, in the course of evolution of the nutritional
traditions, new elements appeared, each of which bore the imprint of historical period of its emergence.
The conducted study, being based on the use of various sources, made it possible to state that the alimentary system, after
having undergone a prolonged historical formation, comprises three layers: Balkan; Crimean and Asia Minor; and cisAzov.
The food of the Mariupol Greeks changed depending on their economical activity and natural geographical conditions.
On the whole, by name and technology of cooking, most of the traditional dishes widespread in the XIXth to early XXth
centuries have Turkic roots. The cuisine of the Mariupol Greeks states numerous similarities with the nutrition of the Black and
Mediterranean peoples.
In general, the modification of alimentary traditions of the Greeks during the cisAzov period is marked by the Ukrainian
influence, being the consequence of ethnocultural contacts. For example, the ration of Greek daily nutrition contains borshch
with cabbage, buckwheat gruel.
Meanwhile, the Ukrainian cuisine has been enriched owing to the Greek dishes. The Ukrainians and Russians living in the
cisAzov ethnocontact zone, borrowed chebureks (a kind of meat pasty) from the neighbouring Greek inhabitants.
The set of the dishes of ritual meals, as well as the methods of their cooking, changed insignificantly throughout the XXth
century. This concerns first of all to sacrificial food. The great difficulty is finding out the connection between ritual food and
ethnicity. Worthy of particular note is the transformation of composition of ritual meals and related customs, which is observed
for some time past. The changes were applied to the foodrelated rituals as well. Some of them are forgotten, whereas some
remained as a model of postfigurative culture.
Keywords: ethnic minorities, ethnocultural interactions, cisAzov Greeks, traditional dishes, CisAzov region.
Kimakovych Iryna. Lebenswelt and Folklore (Pre-Theoretical Experience, Folk Knowledge): On the Issue of the
Phenomenological Method of Studying Modern Folkloric Consciousness of Different Subcultures. The paper deals with
the consideration of one of the central universals of phenomenology – living world (Lebenswelt), as well as its interrelations to
the folkloristic concepts – folklore, folk knowledge, folk experience, and folkloric consciousness. The authoress asserts that the
modern positivistic science, having acquired the term living world, extended the sphere of usage of this notion while disregarding
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the initial meaning which has been introduced into scientific practice by Edmund Husserl. On the other hand, from a perspective
of the study of folklore, the primary sense of the term living world should be specified since the pre-theoretical consciousness
records the evidences not only of the Christian but also the preChristian experiences. The demarcation of pretheoretical and
theoretical experiences, between folkloric (popular) and scientific consciousness still remains important since the archaic models
of folkloric reality and the scientific (physicalistic) world model record partly different conceptions on world structure and man’s
place in it.
The paper attempts to show the ontological attitudes of the phenomenological method, as well as the problematic range
of modern folkloristics which they actualize. The authoress proves that the usage of the terms living world and folkloric
consciousness requires a more accurate definition of the subject – their carrieroperator in its time and space. On the other hand,
this causes concretization of the notions intentionality and intersubjectivity. The paper states that the material for researching
the modern folkloric consciousness of different subcultures (not only peasant, but also other ones) and for analysing their living
worlds is served by the so called artistic and nonartistic forms of folk spiritual and material culture.
Keywords: folkloric consciousness, folklore, folk knowledge, folk experience, living world, phenomenological method.
Artiukh Alina. Myth and Cognition (A Manifesto of Cognitive Relativity). The task of the article is determining
the theoretical principles for the research of primary cognitive structures of mythological epoch. The mission of myth is a
synthesis of fundamental concepts, initial abstract categories, which arrange the outlook and lay the foundation for proto
classification. The initial mythological classification evolves through possessiveness and is formalized by way of the structures
of affinity that play a part of initial metalanguage. Initial abstractions are personified due to syncretic unity of pragmatic
Ego, generalization and totality of sensuallyperceived objects, which are generalized via a feature, a quality. There is a
consideration of the mechanism of the categories’ synthesis, in which a prominent role is played by sensemaking through a
feature, a quality. The author compares the categories of myth with ones of ancient natural philosophy, which are similarly
formed. She submits a certain extended notion on the evolution of cognitive process that is considered through the lenses of
cognitive relativity and originates from myth.
Keywords: myth, totem, affinity, cognitive structures, possessiveness, category, feature, classification, elementary logical
structures, categorical synthesis.
Diedush Oleksiy. On the Issue of Relativistic Theories of Nation. The article deals with the importance of relativistic
nation theories for modelling of a future ethnopolitical course of a state. There are three the most popular relativistic theories of
nation – multiculturalism, internationalism, and the theory of the melting pot.
The multiculturalism is a dominating nation theory in Western Europe and the European Union. The key idea of the
conception is building a society of absolute tolerance due to harmonious coexisting of difference cultures within one social space.
This theory emerged as a radical reaction to the horrors of Nazism and negative consequences of European colonialism. The
theory and practice of the multiculturalism contributed to active migration to the highly developed states of the Old World. Of
late years the multiculturalism undergoes crisis because of the Middle East migrant stream and the exacerbation of interethnic
conflicts. The crisis of the approach has been also acknowledged by leaders of main European states. Nowadays Europe
searches after a new conception of nation that can solve the problems of the multiculturalism.
The internationalism as a theory was elaborated in the USSR on the base of MarxismLeninism. Although the concept
had features of relativistic approaches, it was indeed a latent assimilation doctrine. Both the Soviet and socialistic regimes
aspired at creating new supernations on the ideals of proletarian culture by way of destroying the identity of ethnic minorities.
After the breakup of the Eastern Bloc, the internationalism was rejected by new democratic states. Certain features of the
internationalism are observed in communistic China as Sinocentrism, as well as in socialistic Vietnam where they assimilate
minor native ethnic groups.
The emigrant AngloSaxon states adopted the theory of the melting pot as their ethnopolitical doctrine. The main idea
of this conception is stimulating the voluntary interethnic and interracial mixture for creating the longlasting society and the
supernation. In reality practice demonstrates a low level of spreading of interracial and intercultural marriages. Descendants of
mixed marriages look for their own identity by means of creating new ethnoracial markers that threatens with marginalization
of these individuals. Drastic political correctness sets up a tension in these societies owing to positive discrimination, subsidies
for emigrants, etc.
Keywords: theory of nation, multiculturalism, socialist internationalism, melting pot, interracial mixture, cultural relativism.
Pisklova Iryna. Peculiarities of Dancing Folklore Adaptation (By Way of Example of Modern Productions). The
article analyses the specific features of stage treatment principles of dancing folklore by modern choreographer. There is also an
outline of main trends in creating dance routines within the framework of modern attitude to the issue of national identity.
The study’s results are founded on watching dance numbers of the competitors of the IVth Pavlo Virskyi AllUkrainian
Folk Choreography FestivalContest, making them fit for further research.
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For facility of analysing the principles of treating folk dance, there exists the conventional classification of folkdance stage
productions. It is based on determining the form and type of dance works. It can be distinguished five main groups: narrative and
figurative dances created by the third principle of folklore; home dances created by the second principle of folklore; choreographic
composition and suites; folk dances treated by the second principle; and, finally, stylized folk dances created by the third
principle.
The results of the study show heterogeneity of usage of the principles of handling modern folk dance by various choreoauthors
here and there in Ukraine. In particular, the development of folk dance in Ukrainian western and central regions is much higher in
comparison with Eastern Ukraine. There is a domination of the stage course of national dance based on the second principle of
treating folk dance. There are characteristic motions, majority of images of folk dances, as well as musical lineup and costumes.
Also quite common are choreographic compositions showing the unity of ethnic subgroups of the Ukrainian Westerners (and
their multicoloured traditional culture). The learning of the choreoauthors is caused by significant achievements in folklore, as
well as owing to the timely collecting and recording of folk dances by choreographers and ethnochoreologists of the past.
The difficulty in creating the Slobozhanshchyna national stage dancing similar to archaic forms is due to devastating historical
and social processes. Thus, in the eastern regions of Ukraine, there is a prevalence of the national stage dancing with a clear plot
or images created by the third principle of treating traditional folk dance. Unfortunately, plot development and deep drama of
dance routines cannot serve as a substitute of authentic composition. The lexicon of motions of national stage dancing is based
on movements commonly performed on the principles of classical dance.
The distribution of dancing productions in the eastern regions of Ukraine, in comparison with the western ones, stylized folk
dancing stage being caused by acceleration of modern dance development and apartness of the population there from authentic
samples of dance.
Keywords: Ukrainian folk dance, dance authenticity, treatment of choreographic folklore, Ukrainian choreographers.
http://www.etnolog.org.ua
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-201868 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0130-6936 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:48:11Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Iнститут мистецтвознавства, фольклористики та етнології iм. М.Т. Рильського НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | 2025-02-19T16:40:17Z 2015 Summaries // Народна творчість та етнологія. — 2015. — № 5. — С. 111-114. — англ. 0130-6936 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/201868 en Iнститут мистецтвознавства, фольклористики та етнології iм. М.Т. Рильського НАН України Народна творчість та етнологія Резюме Summaries Резюме Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Summaries Резюме |
| title | Summaries |
| title_alt | Резюме |
| title_full | Summaries |
| title_fullStr | Summaries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Summaries |
| title_short | Summaries |
| title_sort | summaries |
| topic | Резюме |
| topic_facet | Резюме |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/201868 |