Summaries
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Народна творчість та етнологія |
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| Datum: | 2016 |
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Iнститут мистецтвознавства, фольклористики та етнології iм. М.Т. Рильського НАН України
2016
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117
SuMMARIES
Serhiychuk Volodymyr. On the Issue of Origins of the 1932–1933 ukrainianhood Genocide. The deliberate
extirpation of Ukrainian peasantry by means of famine in 1932–1933 is based on the Russian tsarist-prepared tradition aiming
at initially diluting the solid ethnic body of the Ukrainianhood through the piecemeal renunciation by a part of our nation,
foremost intellectuals, of mother tongue, conversion of the talented emigrants of the Over Dnipro Lands extraction into the
heralds of the Russian World as it has been succeeded in doing in case of Mykola Hohol and many others.
Other ways in this direction are: mixed marriages of Ukrainians with Great Russians, resettlement of our grain growers to
the areas conquered by Russian imperialism, where they were little by little assimilated since there were no schools in their native
language, clergymen officiated in churches in alien tongue as well.
At last, the intention of Russian imperialism to terminate Ukrainianhood as a separate nation with its own unique culture
distinctly showed via the 1863 Valuyev Circular and the 1876 Ems Decree.
Keywords: Ukrainianhood, Moscow, genocide.
Sushko Valentyna. Problems of Ethnic Identification of the Slobozhanshchyna Inhabitants. In recent years, the
issues of self-determination of individual – and therefore of the entire nation – became the top priority task for Ukraine. They
are a sore and significant subject in the east of our state.
The ethnic processes on Slobozhanshchyna have come to crystallise their peculiarity lying in the fact that since the mid-
XIXth century a Sloboda city has championed the active influence of official culture, and even a village ceased to be a space
of folk culture’s preservation.
The Soviet state, while continuing imperial line of policy, inculcated through schools, mass media and cultural networks the
construct of single Soviet people, among whose system of values the place of religion has been supplanted by Soviet ideology
with the ethnic unity being replaced by a social one. Unlike the approach of the imperial period, the existence of Ukrainian
people was no longer disclaimed – instead, it was the recognition of exclusively Soviet-coloured Ukrainians, who throughout its
history had nothing to do but dream of reunification with the great Russian people.
Thus, as the feature of ethnic processes in Sloboda Ukraine it should be deemed the absence of indigenous population with
the history of over 400 years. Resettlement movements in the region never ceased throughout its history, and the old habitants
of the territory are representatives of Ukrainian and Russian, as well as descendants of Belarusian, ethnic groups, which
have never been truly homogeneous owing to variety of regions of provenance, confessional and social diversity. The region’s
population underwent the impact of official Russian-speaking culture, however, while for the Russian ethic group, the state-
focused influences, which entailed the losses of local features, can be regarded as positive nation-making processes, the same
phenomena for the Ukrainian people had the character of imperial violent assimilation processes.
Therefore, in our view, modern ideological problems in Ukraine are determined not only by the Soviet era but have a much
deeper history, when the ethnic identification was apprehended by a subject himself as to be of minor importance and being
inconsistent with the paramount – state-oriented – identity. This should be taken in consideration in the course of conducting
national-patriotic education, which has to acquire consciously systematic nature.
Keywords: ethnos, ethnic group, Sloboda Ukraine, Slobozhanshchyna Ukrainians, Slobozhanshchyna Russians.
Ivannikova Liudmyla. First Scientific Expedition to the Dnieper Rapids by O. Afanasiev-Chuzhbynskyi. The
paper deals with the first folkloric and ethnographic expedition to the Dnieper Rapids accomplished in the 1860s. In the 1850s,
the Commission for Inventorying the Governorates of the Kyiv Educational District was established at the Kyiv University.
The Department of Ethnography was opened as its part. The latter has become the first scientific centre in Ukraine devoted to
the ethnographic study of its people, the folk of Southern Ukraine in particular. It was this Commission that has developed the
important scientific trend – expeditionary work.
One of such expeditions has been headed by O. Afanasiev-Chuzhbynskyi. The authoress examines in detail the contribution
made by this scholar to Ukrainian ethnography and folklore studies, especially his observations over the problem of functioning
of folkloric genres in oral tradition of Dnieper Ukraine. She also concentrates her attention on the materials collected in the
Lower Dnieper region, in particular, on toponymic legends and narrations related to the Dnieper Rapids. A large attention has
been paid by the scholar to the subculture and folklore of Dnieper pilots. In particular, he was the first to record pilot’s songs,
beliefs, customs, and methods of translating and transmitting the subcultural knowledge. The authoress of the present paper
examines the textual criticism of the records made by O. Chuzhbynskyi, songs in particular. She concludes that they are unique
fixations of creative work of this society. Especially interesting are the pilot’s legends, in which the features of heroic epic, dragon-
fighting motifs, and the motifs related to the Cossack period prevail: about the forays of Tatars, life of Zaporizhzhia Cossack
Host foghters and their descendants – the pilots. Most of the legends reflect peculiar pilot beliefs and concepts on the rapids.
http://www.etnolog.org.ua
І
deeper history, when the ethnic identification was apprehended by a subject himself as to be of minor importance and being
І
deeper history, when the ethnic identification was apprehended by a subject himself as to be of minor importance and being
inconsistent with the paramountІinconsistent with the paramountІnational-patriotic education, which has to acquire consciously systematic nature.Іnational-patriotic education, which has to acquire consciously systematic nature.
Keywords: ІKeywords: ethnos, ethnic group, Sloboda Ukraine, Slobozhanshchyna Ukrainians, Slobozhanshchyna Russians.Іethnos, ethnic group, Sloboda Ukraine, Slobozhanshchyna Ukrainians, Slobozhanshchyna Russians.
Ivannikova Liudmyla. First Scientific Expedition to the Dnieper Rapids by O.ІIvannikova Liudmyla. First Scientific Expedition to the Dnieper Rapids by O.Іpaper deals with the first folkloric and ethnographic expedition to the Dnieper Rapids accomplished in the 1860s. In the 1850s, Іpaper deals with the first folkloric and ethnographic expedition to the Dnieper Rapids accomplished in the 1860s. In the 1850s,
the Commission for Inventorying the Governorates of the Kyiv Educational District was established at the Kyiv University. Іthe Commission for Inventorying the Governorates of the Kyiv Educational District was established at the Kyiv University.
The Department of Ethnography was opened as its part. The latter has become the first scientific centre in Ukraine devoted to ІThe Department of Ethnography was opened as its part. The latter has become the first scientific centre in Ukraine devoted to
М
reunification
М
reunification
Thus, as the feature of ethnic processes in Sloboda Ukraine it should be deemed the absence of indigenous population with
М
Thus, as the feature of ethnic processes in Sloboda Ukraine it should be deemed the absence of indigenous population with
the history of over 400 years. Resettlement movements in the region never ceased throughout its history, and the old habitants
М
the history of over 400 years. Resettlement movements in the region never ceased throughout its history, and the old habitants
of the territory are representatives of Ukrainian and Russian, as well as descendants of Belarusian, ethnic groups, which
М
of the territory are representatives of Ukrainian and Russian, as well as descendants of Belarusian, ethnic groups, which
have never been truly homogeneous owing to variety of regions of provenance, confessional and social diversity. The region’s
М
have never been truly homogeneous owing to variety of regions of provenance, confessional and social diversity. The region’s
population underwent the impact of official Russian-speaking culture, however, while for the Russian ethic group, the state-
М
population underwent the impact of official Russian-speaking culture, however, while for the Russian ethic group, the state-
focused influences, which entailed the losses of local features, can be regarded as positive nation-making processes, the same Мfocused influences, which entailed the losses of local features, can be regarded as positive nation-making processes, the same
phenomena for the Ukrainian people had the character of imperial violent assimilation processes.Мphenomena for the Ukrainian people had the character of imperial violent assimilation processes.
Therefore, in our view, modern ideological problems in Ukraine are determined not only by the Soviet era but have a much МTherefore, in our view, modern ideological problems in Ukraine are determined not only by the Soviet era but have a much
deeper history, when the ethnic identification was apprehended by a subject himself as to be of minor importance and being Мdeeper history, when the ethnic identification was apprehended by a subject himself as to be of minor importance and being
inconsistent with the paramount Мinconsistent with the paramount – М– МstaМstate-orientedМte-oriented – idМ– identity. This should be taken in consideration in the course of conducting Мentity. This should be taken in consideration in the course of conducting
national-patriotic education, which has to acquire consciously systematic nature.Мnational-patriotic education, which has to acquire consciously systematic nature.
ethnos, ethnic group, Sloboda Ukraine, Slobozhanshchyna Ukrainians, Slobozhanshchyna Russians.Мethnos, ethnic group, Sloboda Ukraine, Slobozhanshchyna Ukrainians, Slobozhanshchyna Russians.
Ivannikova Liudmyla. First Scientific Expedition to the Dnieper Rapids by O.МIvannikova Liudmyla. First Scientific Expedition to the Dnieper Rapids by O.
Ф
The ethnic processes on Slobozhanshchyna have come to crystallise their peculiarity lying in the fact that since the mid-
Ф
The ethnic processes on Slobozhanshchyna have come to crystallise their peculiarity lying in the fact that since the mid-
XIXth century a Sloboda city has championed the active influence of official culture, and even a village ceased to be a space
Ф
XIXth century a Sloboda city has championed the active influence of official culture, and even a village ceased to be a space
The Soviet state, while continuing imperial line of policy, inculcated through schools, mass media and cultural networks the
Ф
The Soviet state, while continuing imperial line of policy, inculcated through schools, mass media and cultural networks the
, among whose system of values the place of religion has been supplanted by Soviet ideology
Ф
, among whose system of values the place of religion has been supplanted by Soviet ideology
with the ethnic unity being replaced by a social one. Unlike the approach of the imperial period, the existence of Ukrainian Фwith the ethnic unity being replaced by a social one. Unlike the approach of the imperial period, the existence of Ukrainian
stead, it was the recognition of exclusively Soviet-coloured Ukrainians, who throughout its Фstead, it was the recognition of exclusively Soviet-coloured Ukrainians, who throughout its
reunification Фreunification wi Фwith Фth th Фthe Фe grФgreatФeat RuФRussianФssian peФpeopleФople.Ф.
Thus, as the feature of ethnic processes in Sloboda Ukraine it should be deemed the absence of indigenous population with ФThus, as the feature of ethnic processes in Sloboda Ukraine it should be deemed the absence of indigenous population with
the history of over 400 years. Resettlement movements in the region never ceased throughout its history, and the old habitants Фthe history of over 400 years. Resettlement movements in the region never ceased throughout its history, and the old habitants
of the territory are representatives of Ukrainian and Russian, as well as descendants of Belarusian, ethnic groups, which Фof the territory are representatives of Ukrainian and Russian, as well as descendants of Belarusian, ethnic groups, which
have never been truly homogeneous owing to variety of regions of provenance, confessional and social diversity. The region’s Фhave never been truly homogeneous owing to variety of regions of provenance, confessional and social diversity. The region’s
population underwent the impact of official Russian-speaking culture, however, while for the Russian ethic group, the state-Фpopulation underwent the impact of official Russian-speaking culture, however, while for the Russian ethic group, the state-
ЕSushko Valentyna. Problems of Ethnic Identification of the Slobozhanshchyna Inhabitants. ЕSushko Valentyna. Problems of Ethnic Identification of the Slobozhanshchyna Inhabitants.
– b Е– became the top priority task for Ukraine. They Еecame the top priority task for Ukraine. They
The ethnic processes on Slobozhanshchyna have come to crystallise their peculiarity lying in the fact that since the mid-ЕThe ethnic processes on Slobozhanshchyna have come to crystallise their peculiarity lying in the fact that since the mid-
XIXth century a Sloboda city has championed the active influence of official culture, and even a village ceased to be a space ЕXIXth century a Sloboda city has championed the active influence of official culture, and even a village ceased to be a space
The Soviet state, while continuing imperial line of policy, inculcated through schools, mass media and cultural networks the ЕThe Soviet state, while continuing imperial line of policy, inculcated through schools, mass media and cultural networks the
, among whose system of values the place of religion has been supplanted by Soviet ideology Е, among whose system of values the place of religion has been supplanted by Soviet ideology
with the ethnic unity being replaced by a social one. Unlike the approach of the imperial period, the existence of Ukrainian Еwith the ethnic unity being replaced by a social one. Unlike the approach of the imperial period, the existence of Ukrainian
118
This is what constitutes the greatest value of the work by O. Afanasiev-Chuzhynskyi The Travel to the Dnieper Rapids and
to Zaporozhye.
Keywords: history of Ukrainian folklore studies, folklore of Southern Ukraine, folk toponymy, subcultural folklore, pilot’s
songs and customs.
Paukštytė-Šaknienė Rasa. Christmas in the Families of Contemporary Lithuanian City. The aim of this article is
to reveal the changes in the customs of Christmas Eve and Christmas in contemporary Lithuania as well as their role in the
structure of the ritual year.
After Soviet occupation socialistic traditions started being formed in Lithuania considering ideological interests of that
period of time. Scripts of newly formed festivals were being created. Apart from other festivals, Winter, Spring, Summer,
Commemoration of the Dead festivals were formed, which included traditional elements of Shrove, Easter, Feast of St. John
customs. The majority of festivals were communal ones and were adapted for the celebration in the city. On the other hand,
calendar customs celebrated in a family did not receive a considerable attention of ideologists. Little attention was drawn to
these issues also by ethnologists. Still the analysis of the situation in the eighties of the 20th century proves that the majority
of old feasts of the folk, which were considered to be religious and widely spread, are commemorated by the believers only;
however Easter and Christmas are celebrated almost everywhere. They are regarded as traditional family feasts. Hence,
these feasts gained great significance in the period of national revival. After 1988 public discussions about the aspirations to
revive old traditions were more and more common. It might have been accomplished in a family most easily. Two days off were
assigned for the celebration of Christmas in 1991. Due to the necessity to prepare meals for Christmas Eve, December 24 has
been announced as a day off since 2012.
Ethnographic fieldwork pursued by myself in 2011 in the city of Vilnius with the aim to disclose the conceptions of tradition
framed by young people, revealed that the attitude of young people towards tradition as a value passed down from generation
to generation is subject to change. Although today’s youth is attached to the absorbed tradition, perceives its value and is apt to
continue it, young people reserve the possibility to select holidays as well as change or dismiss their certain elements. Analysis of
calendar and life cycle festivals observed by young people in Vilnius revealed that Christmas Eve and Christmas were singled
out as the most traditional festival, inherited from parents and grandparents and identified as the favourite calendar and family
celebration.
In 2012–2013 with the help of the ethnographic questionnaires Leisure time and festivals in the family, new ethnographic
research was pursued, bestowing significant share of attention on the analysis of Christmas Eve – Christmas festival: prepara-
tion for the occasion, selection and purchase of presents, laying the table and cooking and other related issues. Respondents
representing various age groups were surveyed. Analysis of the observance of Christmas Eve and Christmas by present-day
youth and their parents may result in contradictory answers. It can be perceived as a celebration of a holiday transferred
from generation to generation, on other hand considered as modified tradition. However, it is undeniable that the holiday in
question appeals to Vilnius citizens of various ages more than the New Year or other festive days. Even though losing the
religious character in many cases, it still embodies the symbolism «rites de passage» and frames the appearance of a traditional
festival. So, as mentioned Catherine Bell, most rituals appeal to tradition or custom in some way, and many are concerned to
repeat historical precedents very closely. A ritual that evokes no connections with any tradition is apt to be found anomalous,
inauthentic, or unsatisfying by most people.
Keywords: Christmas Eve, Christmas, tradition, city, contemporary society, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Hutnyk Maryna. Influence of Scientific Designs of Kharkiv Technological Scientists on the Forming of New ur-
ban Space at the Turn of the XIXth – XXth Centuries (By Way of Example of Kharkiv City). Modern Ukrainian
studies as an integral science combines the heritage of all the humanities and social sciences. An inalienable component of the
Ukrainian studies is the history of Ukrainian science and technology. That is, the research of history of science and technology
is closely related to modern urbanism as a component of historical science.
Urban culture daily undergoes the deforming pressure from urban problems, including overcrowding of cities, cultural and
everyday adaptation of migrants, threatening ecological situation, harmonization of architectural and spatial environment, etc.
Therefore, it is the investigation of urban space of the city of Kharkiv – one of the largest cities of Ukraine in the late XIXth to
early XXth centuries that makes it possible to conduct the historical reconstruction, to re-create an idea of what the city was
over a century ago, as well as to detect which factors have effected on what it has become for today.
In the late XIXth century, Kharkiv remained mainly a craft-trade centre. The changes of urban environment were related,
first of all, with intensive development of industry. In the city, large industrial enterprises were being built one by one: business
of agricultural machinery (1882), engineering works (1891), ropeyard (1895), steam-locomotive-building works (1897), and
confectionary (1896), which were located directly within Kharkiv. Sugar mills and the Budy porcelain-faience works owned by
the Matviy Kuznietsov Partnership (launched in 1885) were situated around the city.
http://www.etnolog.org.ua
І
question appeals to Vilnius citizens of various ages more than the New Year or other festive days. Even though losing the
І
question appeals to Vilnius citizens of various ages more than the New Year or other festive days. Even though losing the
religious character in many cases, it still embodies the symbolism «rites de passage» and frames the appearance of a traditional Іreligious character in many cases, it still embodies the symbolism «rites de passage» and frames the appearance of a traditional
festival. So, as mentioned Catherine Bell, most rituals appeal to tradition or custom in some way, and many are concerned to Іfestival. So, as mentioned Catherine Bell, most rituals appeal to tradition or custom in some way, and many are concerned to
repeat historical precedents very closely. AІrepeat historical precedents very closely. A
inauthentic, or unsatisfying by most people.Іinauthentic, or unsatisfying by most people.І Christmas Eve, Christmas, tradition, city, contemporary society, Vilnius, Lithuania.І Christmas Eve, Christmas, tradition, city, contemporary society, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Hutnyk Maryna. Influence of Scientific Designs of Kharkiv Technological Scientists on the Forming of New ІHutnyk Maryna. Influence of Scientific Designs of Kharkiv Technological Scientists on the Forming of New
Space at the Turn of the XIXthІSpace at the Turn of the XIXth
studies as an integral science combines the heritage of all the humanities and social sciences. An inalienable component of the Іstudies as an integral science combines the heritage of all the humanities and social sciences. An inalienable component of the
М
out as the most traditional festival, inherited from parents and grandparents and identified as the favourite calendar and family
М
out as the most traditional festival, inherited from parents and grandparents and identified as the favourite calendar and family
In 2012–2013 with the help of the ethnographic questionnaires
М
In 2012–2013 with the help of the ethnographic questionnaires
research was pursued, bestowing significant share of attention on the analysis of Christmas Eve
М
research was pursued, bestowing significant share of attention on the analysis of Christmas Eve
tion for the occasion, selection and purchase of presents, laying the table and cooking and other related issues. Respondents
М
tion for the occasion, selection and purchase of presents, laying the table and cooking and other related issues. Respondents
representing various age groups were surveyed. Analysis of the observance of Christmas Eve and Christmas by present-day
М
representing various age groups were surveyed. Analysis of the observance of Christmas Eve and Christmas by present-day
youth and their parents may result in contradictory answers. It can be perceived as a celebration of a holiday transferred Мyouth and their parents may result in contradictory answers. It can be perceived as a celebration of a holiday transferred Мfrom generation to generation, on other hand considered as modified tradition. However, it is undeniable that the holiday in Мfrom generation to generation, on other hand considered as modified tradition. However, it is undeniable that the holiday in
question appeals to Vilnius citizens of various ages more than the New Year or other festive days. Even though losing the Мquestion appeals to Vilnius citizens of various ages more than the New Year or other festive days. Even though losing the
religious character in many cases, it still embodies the symbolism «rites de passage» and frames the appearance of a traditional Мreligious character in many cases, it still embodies the symbolism «rites de passage» and frames the appearance of a traditional
festival. So, as mentioned Catherine Bell, most rituals appeal to tradition or custom in some way, and many are concerned to Мfestival. So, as mentioned Catherine Bell, most rituals appeal to tradition or custom in some way, and many are concerned to
repeat historical precedents very closely. AМrepeat historical precedents very closely. A ritМritual that evokes no connections with any tradition is apt to be found anomalous, Мual that evokes no connections with any tradition is apt to be found anomalous,
inauthentic, or unsatisfying by most people.Мinauthentic, or unsatisfying by most people.М Christmas Eve, Christmas, tradition, city, contemporary society, Vilnius, Lithuania.М Christmas Eve, Christmas, tradition, city, contemporary society, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Ф
old traditions were more and more common. It might have been accomplished in a family most easily. Two days off were
Ф
old traditions were more and more common. It might have been accomplished in a family most easily. Two days off were
assigned for the celebration of Christmas in 1991. Due to the necessity to prepare meals for Christmas Eve, December
Ф
assigned for the celebration of Christmas in 1991. Due to the necessity to prepare meals for Christmas Eve, December
Ethnographic fieldwork pursued by myself in 2011 in the city of Vilnius with the aim to disclose the conceptions of tradition
Ф
Ethnographic fieldwork pursued by myself in 2011 in the city of Vilnius with the aim to disclose the conceptions of tradition
framed by young people, revealed that the attitude of young people towards tradition as a value passed down from generation
Ф
framed by young people, revealed that the attitude of young people towards tradition as a value passed down from generation
to generation is subject to change. Although today’s youth is attached to the absorbed tradition, perceives its value and is apt to Фto generation is subject to change. Although today’s youth is attached to the absorbed tradition, perceives its value and is apt to
continue it, young people reserve the possibility to select holidays as well as change or dismiss their certain elements. Analysis of Фcontinue it, young people reserve the possibility to select holidays as well as change or dismiss their certain elements. Analysis of
calendar and life cycle festivals observed by young people in Vilnius revealed that Christmas Eve and Christmas were singled Фcalendar and life cycle festivals observed by young people in Vilnius revealed that Christmas Eve and Christmas were singled
out as the most traditional festival, inherited from parents and grandparents and identified as the favourite calendar and family Фout as the most traditional festival, inherited from parents and grandparents and identified as the favourite calendar and family
In 2012–2013 with the help of the ethnographic questionnaires ФIn 2012–2013 with the help of the ethnographic questionnaires LeisureФLeisure tiФtimeФme
research was pursued, bestowing significant share of attention on the analysis of Christmas EveФresearch was pursued, bestowing significant share of attention on the analysis of Christmas Eve
tion for the occasion, selection and purchase of presents, laying the table and cooking and other related issues. Respondents Фtion for the occasion, selection and purchase of presents, laying the table and cooking and other related issues. Respondents
representing various age groups were surveyed. Analysis of the observance of Christmas Eve and Christmas by present-day Фrepresenting various age groups were surveyed. Analysis of the observance of Christmas Eve and Christmas by present-day
Е
calendar customs celebrated in a family did not receive a considerable attention of ideologists. Little attention was drawn to
Е
calendar customs celebrated in a family did not receive a considerable attention of ideologists. Little attention was drawn to
these issues also by ethnologists. Still the analysis of the situation in the eighties of the 20
Е
these issues also by ethnologists. Still the analysis of the situation in the eighties of the 20th
Е
th century proves that
Е
century proves that
are
Е
are com
Е
commemorated
Е
memorated
reg ЕregardedЕarded asЕas traЕtraditionalЕditional famЕfam
these feasts gained great significance in the period of national revival. After 1988 public discussions about the aspirations to Еthese feasts gained great significance in the period of national revival. After 1988 public discussions about the aspirations to
old traditions were more and more common. It might have been accomplished in a family most easily. Two days off were Е old traditions were more and more common. It might have been accomplished in a family most easily. Two days off were
assigned for the celebration of Christmas in 1991. Due to the necessity to prepare meals for Christmas Eve, DecemberЕassigned for the celebration of Christmas in 1991. Due to the necessity to prepare meals for Christmas Eve, December
Ethnographic fieldwork pursued by myself in 2011 in the city of Vilnius with the aim to disclose the conceptions of tradition ЕEthnographic fieldwork pursued by myself in 2011 in the city of Vilnius with the aim to disclose the conceptions of tradition
framed by young people, revealed that the attitude of young people towards tradition as a value passed down from generation Еframed by young people, revealed that the attitude of young people towards tradition as a value passed down from generation
to generation is subject to change. Although today’s youth is attached to the absorbed tradition, perceives its value and is apt to Еto generation is subject to change. Although today’s youth is attached to the absorbed tradition, perceives its value and is apt to
continue it, young people reserve the possibility to select holidays as well as change or dismiss their certain elements. Analysis of Еcontinue it, young people reserve the possibility to select holidays as well as change or dismiss their certain elements. Analysis of
119
In the late XIXth – early XXth centuries, Kharkiv city was being modernized, and the way of life of its residents
began to differ noticeably from the lifestyle of villagers. Gas lighting was utilized, horse-drawn tram (a tram predecessor)
and motor vehicles appeared. The presence of only one institution of higher education (the Kharkiv Imperial University, est.
1805) dissatisfied the requirements of developing industry in providing with engineering skills. And due to efforts of many
scientists, the public and the Minister of People’s Education I. Delianov, in 1885 was opened the Kharkiv Applied Institute
of Technology (HAIT).
As a trend in the formation of a new urban space of Kharkiv city can be considered the influence of the scientific research
achievements of such architects as A. Beketov, S. Zahoskin, M. Lovtsov, and V. Nemkin who have been long working at the
Kharkiv Institute of Technology and have developed a powerful construction engineering school.
The pioneering ideas – a close interrelation between science and industry initiated at the KhAIT by its first director
Viktor Kyrpychov – were later laid down as the foundation of the activities of vast majority of technical educational institutions.
Virtually, the laboratories of the Institute have grown to small-lot production, where students acquired the skills of practical
activity. In these laboratories, the orders for the city’s industry and transport were carried out.
The scientists of the Institute and its alumni have played an important role in the transformation of Kharkiv into one of
the Ukrainian largest industrial and shipping, as well as scientific and educational centres. Despite the loss of much of the
architectural monuments of the time related to destruction of places of worship in the 1930s, and the demolition of a portion of
the city’s downtown, the base of new urban environment, laid in the late XIXth century, is still, in the early XXIst century,
preserved, while the close collaboration of scientific and pedagogical personnel of the modern NTU KhPI with employees of
industrial enterprises lasts to this day.
Keywords: urban environment, Kharkiv, scientific and technical developments, Kharkiv Practical Technological Institute,
expert business.
http://www.etnolog.org.ua
ІМ
Ф
urban environment, Kharkiv, scientific and technical developments, Kharkiv Practical Technological Institute,
Ф
urban environment, Kharkiv, scientific and technical developments, Kharkiv Practical Technological Institute, Е
activity. In these laboratories, the orders for the city’s industry and transport were carried out.
Е
activity. In these laboratories, the orders for the city’s industry and transport were carried out.
The scientists of the Institute and its alumni have played an important role in the transformation of Kharkiv into one of
Е
The scientists of the Institute and its alumni have played an important role in the transformation of Kharkiv into one of
the Ukrainian largest industrial and shipping, as well as scientific and educational centres. Despite the loss of much of the
Е
the Ukrainian largest industrial and shipping, as well as scientific and educational centres. Despite the loss of much of the
architectural monuments of the time related to destruction of places of worship in the 1930s, and the demolition of a portion of Еarchitectural monuments of the time related to destruction of places of worship in the 1930s, and the demolition of a portion of
the city’s downtown, the base of new urban environment, laid in the late XIXth century, is still, in the early XXIst century, Еthe city’s downtown, the base of new urban environment, laid in the late XIXth century, is still, in the early XXIst century,
preserved, while the close collaboration of scientific and pedagogical personnel of the modern NTU Еpreserved, while the close collaboration of scientific and pedagogical personnel of the modern NTU KhPIЕKhPI with employees of Е with employees of Еurban environment, Kharkiv, scientific and technical developments, Kharkiv Practical Technological Institute, Еurban environment, Kharkiv, scientific and technical developments, Kharkiv Practical Technological Institute,
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-202113 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0130-6936 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:15:37Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Iнститут мистецтвознавства, фольклористики та етнології iм. М.Т. Рильського НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | 2025-02-27T17:53:40Z 2016 Summaries // Народна творчість та етнологія. — 2016. — № 1. — С. 117-119. —англ. 0130-6936 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/202113 en Iнститут мистецтвознавства, фольклористики та етнології iм. М.Т. Рильського НАН України Народна творчість та етнологія Резюме Summaries Резюме Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Summaries Резюме |
| title | Summaries |
| title_alt | Резюме |
| title_full | Summaries |
| title_fullStr | Summaries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Summaries |
| title_short | Summaries |
| title_sort | summaries |
| topic | Резюме |
| topic_facet | Резюме |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/202113 |