Peculiarities of the digital and sustainable development of chinese civil blasting industry enterprises
The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of digital and sustainable development of enterprises of the civil blasting industry in China. The main economic results of enterprises in the industry over the past five years are analysed. A comparative analysis of the functioning of civil b...
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| citation_txt | Peculiarities of the digital and sustainable development of chinese civil blasting industry enterprises / K. Kopishynska, W. Yang // Економічний вісник Донбасу. — 2024. — № 4 (78). — С. 26-32. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. |
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| description | The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of digital and sustainable development of enterprises of the civil blasting industry in China. The main economic results of enterprises in the industry over the past five years are analysed. A comparative analysis of the functioning of civil blasting enterprises in China and international enterprises is carried out. The key directions of introduction of digital technologies to ensure the development of enterprises in the industry are identified. The necessity of using sustainable blasting methods to comply with regulatory standards in accordance with the China Sustainable Development Plan is substantiated.
The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of digital and sustainable development of enterprises of the civil blasting industry in China. The main economic results of enterprises in the industry over the past five years are analysed. A comparative analysis of the functioning of civil blasting enterprises in China and international enterprises is carried out. The key directions of introduction of digital technologies to ensure the development of enterprises in the industry are identified. The necessity of using sustainable blasting methods to comply with regulatory standards in accordance with the China Sustainable Development Plan is substantiated.
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K. Kopishynska, Weiyue Yang
26
ISSN 1817-3772 Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(78), 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2024-4(78)-26-32
UDC 338.45:330.341.1:004.8
K. Kopishynska,
PhD, Associate Professor,
ORCID 0000-0002-1609-2902,
e-mail: kopishynska@ukr.net,
Weiyue Yang,
Master’s student,
ORCID 0009-0000-9746-0094,
Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute
PECULIARITIES OF THE DIGITAL AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF
CHINESE CIVIL BLASTING INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES
Introduction. The development of China's civil
blasting industry is an important aspect of the national
economy, in particular to support infrastructure
construction, mining and other strategically important
sectors. However, the industry faces significant
challenges, such as the impact of the global financial
crisis, the need to comply with stringent environmental
regulations, increased safety requirements and innova-
tion. The trend towards automation, digitalisation and
the use of green materials underscores the need to
analyse the industry to ensure its sustainable develop-
ment. The study of this topic is relevant both for
understanding the prospects for the industry's
development in the face of current challenges and for
identifying strategies for adapting to global trends.
Problem statement. China's civil blasting industry
has shown steady growth in recent years, but the pace of
development remains volatile, particularly due to
external economic factors such as the global financial
crisis and fluctuations in product demand. Key
challenges include the high cost of production due to
dependence on raw materials, the need to modernise
production facilities, comply with strict regulatory
requirements and improve safety. The industry also
needs to adapt to new trends, including the use of
environmentally friendly materials, increased produc-
tion efficiency through automation and digital
technologies, and the introduction of innovative
management methods.
The purpose of the article is to study the
peculiarities of the development of Chinese civil
blasting industry enterprises and justification of the need
to implement digital technologies and innovative
blasting methods to ensure sustainable development.
Main research material. China is the world’s
largest explosives manufacturer and the blasting sector
is key to its national economy. As infrastructure growth
and urbanization has increased in recent years, the need
for blasting services has remained increasing, which has
encouraged the explosion of China’s blasting industry.
The industry is fueled by construction, mining and
infrastructure projects and is highly focused on safety
and efficiency. Extended blasting technologies and new
techniques are still being deployed to improve
productivity. Meanwhile, China is also seeking
alternative blasting solutions, such as green materials
and eco-friendly methods that have a low carbon
footprint. But they haven’t yet mainstreamed into the
industry and they don’t really do much to support the
sector in general (fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Regulation of the entire industrial chain of civil explosives [1]
© Publisher Institute of Industrial Economy of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2024
© Publisher State Higher Education Institution "Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University", 2024
K. Kopishynska, Weiyue Yang
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Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(78), 2024 ISSN 1817-3772
The Chinese government vetoes new civil
explosives equipment manufacturers with tight access
control systems and safety management requirements
being the biggest hurdles to the civil explosive industry.
As civil explosives are flammable and explosive, China
requires a license to manufacture, sell, buy and transport
civil explosives and the entire industry is strictly
controlled by the relevant authorities as a qualification
barrier. No unit or individual can make, sell, buy or
transport civil explosives without approval, nor blast.
The civil explosives market is tightly controlled by the
state. In China, the supervision of civil explosive
devices and services is mostly summed up as follows
(fig. 2):
(1) Government enforces a licensing system for
production, sale, transport and blasting of civil
explosive devices and all operations are closely
monitored by competent authorities;
(2) Government regulates the circulation of civil
explosive components. Government set up a civilian
explosive information management system to manage
the identification of civilian explosives.
Fig. 2. The Chinese civil blasting industry chain is combed [2]
All civil explosives manufacturing, selling,
circulating and use of civilian explosives require real-
name registration to track the circulation of civilian
explosives. In the sales scenario, industrial explosives
are dangerous products that are sold as dangerous
products in transport, the freight rate is higher and sales
radius is not more than 200km. Industrial detonators are
small, lightweight, and transport cost a small fraction of
the cost of industrial explosives, transportation no
restriction, little constraint on cross-regional sales.
The gross product of China’s civil explosives
industry grew at a moderate rate between 2020 and
2024. The gross domestic product has grown by 1.02%
over 2020-2021 because of the epidemic and lack of
demand. In 2021, the industry started to recover
gradually, and GDP rose to 34.438 billion yuan, 2.53%
higher. In 2022, the industry registered a high rise of
14.00% to reach 39.04 billion yuan due to rising demand
and recovery in the market. In 2023, the growth rate
declined to 10.93% but still the market was doing well
(fig. 3).
Fig. 3. China's civil explosive production enterprises cumulative gross product in 2020-2024 [3]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Gross product value (RMB 100 million) Year-on-year growth(%)
K. Kopishynska, Weiyue Yang
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ISSN 1817-3772 Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(78), 2024
But the GDP growth rate is forecasted to be 4.75
per cent at 45.237 billion yuan in 2024, which suggests
that the industry is hit by the global financial crisis and
experiencing growth constraints. On the whole,
economic growth in the civil explosives market during
this time, and especially in 2022 was promising. But
future growth will be dependent on the economic
conditions, the demand and the industry’s adaptation
and the industry have to be flexible to slow down.
Fig. 4. China civil blasting industry main business income, profit, blasting service income in 2020-2024 [4]
The civil explosives market has recorded relatively
volatile growth over the years 2019 to 2024 in all the
major economic measures like gross product and main
business income. The GDP in 2019-2020 slightly rose
from 33.50 billion yuan to 33.588 billion yuan, 1.02%
growth year on year, the market demand was still weak.
The main business income was 38.186 billion yuan in
2020, low growth, and 0.21% growth year on year
(fig. 4). The gross domestic product grew to 34.438
billion yuan in 2021, 2.53%, industry slowly came back
and main business income was 38.716 billion yuan,
1.10%. The gross domestic product in 2022 has grown
sharply with the gross domestic product of 39.40 billion
yuan increasing by 14.00%; The main business revenue
was mainly 43.744 billion yuan rising by 12.92%. The
Gross domestic product of 2023 has been 43.658 billion
yuan, 10.93%, the main business profit is even higher at
49.951 billion yuan, 14.19%, the gross profit is also
sharply up to 8.527 billion yuan, 44.99%. But in 2024,
gross product will be 45.237 billion yuan, which is
4.75% up, main business income will be 51.523 billion
yuan, which is 3.91% up, and total profit will be 7.845
billion yuan, which is 7.161 down, the profits of industry
are under threat. In all, although the civil explosive
industry shows promising growth prospects, especially
in 2022 and 2023 to achieve strong growth, with the
economic gloom in 2024, the future growth may be
slowed down, should closely monitor the market
demand and external economic factors, in order to retain
the industry’s flexibleness to deal with risks.
The information indicates that China’s civil
blasting industry has remained a relatively well-
integrated development in many links, indicative of the
industry’s health and development prospects.
In recent years, the industrial system of China’s
civil blasting industry has continuously been fine-tuned.
The number of production firms (clusters) declined from
76 to 50, and the top 10 enterprises’ share of gross
domestic product rose from 49% to 59% (fig. 5).
35 plants were closed down and shuttered, 95 pro-
duction lines shut down, licensed capacity of packaged
industrial explosives was slashed by 420,000 tons,
mixed explosives’ production capacity at enterprise site
was reduced by 35%, the entire upgrade of industrial
digital electronic detonators resulted in phased
outcomes, and the catastrophic overcapacity situation
was mitigated. This has made innovation possible in
huge ways. The R&D investment rate of leading
backbone companies rose from 2.8% to 3.5%, while
many new breakthroughs were made and successfully
applied to products, process technology, and
manufacturing equipment. The industrial governance
apparatus has been incrementally improved.
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Income from main business(RMB 100 million) Gross profit(RMB 100 million)
Blasting service revenue(RMB 100 million) Year-on-year growth(%)
Year-on-year growth(%) Year-on-year growth(%)
K. Kopishynska, Weiyue Yang
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Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(78), 2024 ISSN 1817-3772
Fig. 5. Changes in the number of civil blasting production enterprises
and market concentration in China in 2020-2024 [5]
Digital technologies in civilian blasting are used to
optimise blasting processes and improve the accuracy
and efficiency of operations. They help to control the
use of explosives, reduce costs and improve safety on
construction sites and during drilling operations. For
example, modern blasting monitoring and control
systems provide accurate data on the movement and
condition of materials used during blasting.
The Digital Blasting Systems Market, valued at
USD 4.5 billion in 2022, is expected to grow at a
compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.2% from
2024 to 2030, reaching an estimated USD 9.0 billion by
2030 [6]. Advancements in various technologies are
driving the growth of the digital blasting systems
market [6]:
– Internet of Things (IoT): IoT enables real-time
data collection and analysis from blast sensors,
enhancing decision-making and boosting operational
efficiency.
– Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI leverages
historical data to predict blast outcomes, allowing for
optimized blast designs and reduced variability.
– Automation: Automation enhances safety and
minimizes human error by enabling operators to
remotely set parameters and control detonations.
The Chinese government urges blasting enterprises
to develop intelligent situations like production process,
equipment management, safety management, "artificial
intelligence +" and "extended reality +" to make the
process more effective, collaborative processes, optimal
resource utilization, intelligent decision-making.
Relevant enterprises are urged to compare with national
benchmarks like the intelligent manufacturing
Capability Maturity Model, implementing pilot tests of
smart scenarios, smart workshops and smart sites and
test them first (fig. 6).
Fig. 6. Comparison of differences between China and the world in the blasting industry [7]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
The proportion of total production of the top ten enterprises(%) Enterprise quantity
4,3 4,4
3,5
2,4
4
1,8
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
5
Driving Force Technology Application Adoption Speed
Global China
K. Kopishynska, Weiyue Yang
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ISSN 1817-3772 Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(78), 2024
In China, currently, over 97% of industrial
explosive production lines in the civil blasting sector are
equipped with continuous and automated production
systems, and over 85% of industrial detonator
production lines are equipped with automatic filling and
human-machine isolation production, putting 11,000
workers out of danger. Additionally, they provide high-
tech manufacturing enterprises with the aim of
enhancing cooperation with older civil explosive
enterprises and the integration of high-tech, information
technology and manufacturing equipment.
China’s civil blasting companies are different from
foreign ones in drivers and technology (table 1). China’s
industry is very much policy driven, resulting in rapid
digitalization by application. The global players, on the
other hand, have a market imperative and hence are less
influenced by it but more well-used. China’s focus on
digitalization and AI in operations, whereas the
international players on big data and smart systems for
decision-making. Both face change management
challenges.
Table 1
Comparison between China's civil blasting enterprises and the international enterprises
Comparison
Dimension
Chinese civil explosives enterprises International enterprises
Drivers Policy direction is more prominent Market pressure and technology are the
primary drivers
Technology by
Application
Mostly digital uses in infrastructure building
and mining
Lower technology use cases such as
mining, construction, and city planning
Adoption Rate Due to the two-pronged policy-market
forces, the adoption rate for digital
transformation of Chinese enterprises is high
International enterprises have lower
adoption rates in some areas, but generally
stronger
Innovation Motive With high-tech devices to better process,
analyze, and use information and, with
increasing robotics and automation devices
gradually
Focus on technological innovation by
utilizing big data and intelligent systems to
enhance decision-making capacity
Higher Adoption Rate More enterprises acknowledge digitalization
and increase digital tool adoption and use
Companies are becoming increasingly
aware and open to digitalization thereby
driving application and popularization of
technologies
New Techniques More extensive use of virtual simulation and
AI perception technologies in blast sites to
provide more natural technical assistance
Implementation of more sophisticated
technologies and operations practices to
improve site surveillance and accident-
prevention
Market Receptivity Policy-informed market responsiveness can
be relatively quick and flexible to changes in
market demand
Companies can react quickly to market
shifts and become more market competi-
tive
Change Management Various difficulties to modernize staff
competencies and enhance management
processes during change
Several difficulties to manage during
change, though their methods and solutions
might vary
Case Study on
Successive
Transformative Change
Transformation to foster industry
transformation for quality and global
competitiveness
Applying cases of success both within and
outside the industry to drive technological
and management innovation, competi-
tiveness
Developed by the authors on the basis of [8].
Despite the critical need to use blasting in the
civilian sector, it has a negative impact on the
environment, with vibrations and noise potentially
damaging buildings and infrastructure while disrupting
ecosystems and harming wildlife. The dust and debris
generated can lead to air and water pollution, posing
health risks to nearby communities. Additionally, rock
fragmentation from blasting can cause soil erosion,
trigger landslides, and contribute to land degradation
[9].
Therefore, given the current trends and regulatory
requirements that have been updated following the
adoption of China's Sustainable Development Plan, the
implementation of sustainable practices by civil blasting
enterprises is becoming a prerequisite for their further
development.
Sustainable blasting involves adopting practices
like utilizing renewable energy sources, launching
reforestation initiatives, and promoting sustainable
water management. By incorporating these strategies,
blasting companies can safeguard the environment and
support the well-being of local communities. Key
benefits of sustainable blasting include lowering
greenhouse gas emissions, preserving wildlife and
K. Kopishynska, Weiyue Yang
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Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(78), 2024 ISSN 1817-3772
natural habitats, and minimizing water pollution. The
main sustainable blasting techniques include [9]:
– precision blasting, which involves meticulous
planning and execution to minimize rock fragmentation,
dust, and debris. It reduces the environmental impact
and mitigates effects on nearby communities by limiting
air and water pollution and minimizing damage to
buildings and infrastructure. Furthermore, precision
blasting can lower the energy demands of mining
operations, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
– the use of non-toxic and environmentally
friendly explosives, designed to minimize harm to both
the environment and human health.
– the use of electronic detonators – reduce the
amount of noise and vibration created during blasting.
China’s civil blasting industry, as outlined in the
14th Five-Year Plan, is set to prioritize digitalization
and green development [10]. The sector will focus on
enhanced safety standards, targeting zero accidents and
ensuring 100% of companies achieve safety production
standardization at Level 2 or above. Research and
development investment will increase to 3.5% of total
sales to drive technological innovation and further
digitalization. Additionally, over 40% of hazardous
labor tasks will be automated to improve efficiency and
reduce workplace injuries (table 2).
Table 2
"14th Five-Year Plan" main expected indicators for the civil blasting industry [10]
Indicator 2020 2025 Type
1. Number of major production safety accidents 0 0 Expected
2. Rate of enterprises meeting safety production standardization
level II and above (%) - 100 Binding
3. Proportion of R&D expenditure of leading enterprises to
operating income (%) 2.8 3.5 Expected
4. Proportion of robotic replacement for existing hazardous
position operators (%) - ≥40 Expected
5. Minimum licensed production capacity of packaged
industrial explosives production line (tons/year) >10000 ≥12000 Binding
6. Proportion of licensed capacity for on-site mixed explosives
(%) ≥30 ≥35 Binding
7. Number of production enterprises (groups) 76 ≤50 Expected
8. Proportion of industry production value of the top 10 civil
explosive enterprises (%) 49 ≥60 Expected
The industry will streamline operations by
reducing the number of production enterprises to 50 or
fewer and increasing the minimum licensed production
capacity for packaged industrial explosives to 12,000
tons annually. These measures aim to boost market
competitiveness, promote sustainable resource utiliza-
tion, and enhance the industry's long-term environ-
mental and economic sustainability.
Conclusion. An analysis of the development of
China's civilian blasting industry shows significant
potential for further growth, in particular through
digitalisation, automation and the introduction of green
technologies. However, the industry needs to actively
innovate to mitigate the impact of external risks, such as
global financial crises and environmental requirements.
The main ways to ensure sustainable development are to
strengthen the regulatory framework, increase resource
efficiency and switch to low-carbon technologies. An
important aspect is the development of research
programmes and increased investment in production
modernisation, which will not only improve the
industry's competitiveness but also ensure its long-term
sustainability.
References
1. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China. (2020 - 2024). Civil explosion supervision
section. Retrieved from https://wap.miit.gov.cn/jgsj/aqs/mbjg/index.html.
2. Guo Xin Securities. (2024, January 30). Civil Explosive Industry Status Analysis. Retrieved from
https://pdf.dfcfw.com/pdf/H3_AP202401311619768864_1.pdf.
3. Guo Xin Securities. (2024, January 31). 2024 Civil Explosive Industry Special Research: Improving Supply and Demand
Patterns, Industry Prosperity on the Rise. Retrieved from https://www.vzkoo.com/read/20240131b282a775e46cc036514f3199.html.
4. Sinolink Securities. (2024, June 30). Industry research report on the basic chemicals sector: Civil explosives industry – Policy-
driven supply and demand patterns continue to improve, leading enterprises' advantages gradually emerge. Analyst: Chen Yi (License
No. S1130521050001). Contact: Ren Jianbin. Retrieved from https://pdf.dfcfw.com/pdf/H3_AP202407011637127066_1.pdf?
1719833610000.pdf.
5. Guosen Securities. (2024). Research report on Yipuli (Securities company code:002096.SZ): Strengthening mining service
business, civil explosive integration state-owned enterprise steadily grows. Analysts: Yang Lin, Zhang Weihang. Retrieved from
https://pdf.dfcfw.com/pdf/H3_AP202404091630089007_1.pdf.
6. Digital Blasting Systems Market Trends in Focus: Revenue and Scope Expansion Visionary Design Experts. Retrieved from
https://www.verifiedmarketreports.com/download-sample/?rid=656786&utm_source=Pulse-Glob3&utm_medium=381.
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7. Guo, X., Xu, D., & Zhu, K. (2023). Measuring digitalization effects in China: A global value chain perspective. China
Economic Review, 102021. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2023.102021.
8. Li, J. (2023). Market scale estimation logic model of the civil explosives industry in China. Shanghai Dongfang Caifu
Securities Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. Retrieved from https://pdf.dfcfw.com/pdf/H3_AP202312041613237294_1.pdf.
9. Fissha Y., Kilic K., Bibish B. and Enkhbold B. (2023). Mining for a Sustainable World: The Adoption of Sustainable Blasting
Techniques. Aspects Min Miner Sci., 10(4), AMMS. 000745. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31031/AMMS.2023.10.000745.
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December 6). Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Retrieved from https://www.ciur.org.cn/site-kejicy/a167.html.
Копішинська К., Ян В. Особливості цифрового та сталого розвитку підприємств цивільної вибухової
промисловості Китаю
Статтю присвячено дослідженню особливості цифрового та сталого розвитку підприємств цивільної вибухової
промисловості Китаю. Проаналізовано основні економічні результати підприємств галузі за останні п’ять років. Здійснено
порівняльний аналіз функціонування цивільних вибухових підприємств Китаю та міжнародними підприємствами. Визначено
ключові напрями впровадження цифрових технологій для забезпечення розвитку підприємств галузі. Обґрунтовано
необхідність використання сталих методів вибухових робіт для відповідності діяльності регуляторним нормам згідно плану
сталого розвитку Китаю.
Ключові слова: цивільна вибухова промисловість, цифровізація, сталий розвиток, штучний інтелект, сталі методи
вибухових робіт.
Kopishynska K., Yang W. Peculiarities of the Digital and Sustainable Development of Chinese Civil Blasting Industry
Enterprises
The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of digital and sustainable development of enterprises of the civil blasting
industry in China. The main economic results of enterprises in the industry over the past five years are analysed. A comparative analysis
of the functioning of civil blasting enterprises in China and international enterprises is carried out. The key directions of introduction
of digital technologies to ensure the development of enterprises in the industry are identified. The necessity of using sustainable blasting
methods to comply with regulatory standards in accordance with the China Sustainable Development Plan is substantiated.
Keywords: civil blasting industry, digitalisation, sustainable development, artificial intelligence, sustainable blasting methods.
Received by the editors: 25.11.2024
Reviewed: 09.12.2024
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-203369 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1817-3772 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T19:04:18Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України |
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| spelling | Kopishynska, K. Yang, W. 2025-05-23T09:28:51Z 2024 Peculiarities of the digital and sustainable development of chinese civil blasting industry enterprises / K. Kopishynska, W. Yang // Економічний вісник Донбасу. — 2024. — № 4 (78). — С. 26-32. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. 1817-3772 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/203369 338.45:330.341.1:004.8 https://doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2024-4(78)-26-32 The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of digital and sustainable development of enterprises of the civil blasting industry in China. The main economic results of enterprises in the industry over the past five years are analysed. A comparative analysis of the functioning of civil blasting enterprises in China and international enterprises is carried out. The key directions of introduction of digital technologies to ensure the development of enterprises in the industry are identified. The necessity of using sustainable blasting methods to comply with regulatory standards in accordance with the China Sustainable Development Plan is substantiated. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of digital and sustainable development of enterprises of the civil blasting industry in China. The main economic results of enterprises in the industry over the past five years are analysed. A comparative analysis of the functioning of civil blasting enterprises in China and international enterprises is carried out. The key directions of introduction of digital technologies to ensure the development of enterprises in the industry are identified. The necessity of using sustainable blasting methods to comply with regulatory standards in accordance with the China Sustainable Development Plan is substantiated. en Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України Економічний вісник Донбасу International and regional economics Peculiarities of the digital and sustainable development of chinese civil blasting industry enterprises Особливості цифрового та сталого розвитку підприємств цивільної вибухової промисловості Китаю Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Peculiarities of the digital and sustainable development of chinese civil blasting industry enterprises Kopishynska, K. Yang, W. International and regional economics |
| title | Peculiarities of the digital and sustainable development of chinese civil blasting industry enterprises |
| title_alt | Особливості цифрового та сталого розвитку підприємств цивільної вибухової промисловості Китаю |
| title_full | Peculiarities of the digital and sustainable development of chinese civil blasting industry enterprises |
| title_fullStr | Peculiarities of the digital and sustainable development of chinese civil blasting industry enterprises |
| title_full_unstemmed | Peculiarities of the digital and sustainable development of chinese civil blasting industry enterprises |
| title_short | Peculiarities of the digital and sustainable development of chinese civil blasting industry enterprises |
| title_sort | peculiarities of the digital and sustainable development of chinese civil blasting industry enterprises |
| topic | International and regional economics |
| topic_facet | International and regional economics |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/203369 |
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