Sectoral aspect of industrial policy in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 conditions (case of instrumentation engineering industry)
The article is devoted to the consideration of the features and global trends of the development of the instrumentation engineering industry and the main ideas for industrial policy for its development in the context of the transition to Industry 4.0 and 5.0. The basic global models of the developme...
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Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України
2025
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| Цитувати: | Sectoral aspect of industrial policy in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 conditions (case of instrumentation engineering industry) / V. A. Omelyanenko // Економіка промисловості. — 2025. — № 4 (112). — С. 13-30. — Бібліогр.: 25 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859619575159586816 |
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| author | Omelyanenko, V.A. |
| author_facet | Omelyanenko, V.A. |
| citation_txt | Sectoral aspect of industrial policy in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 conditions (case of instrumentation engineering industry) / V. A. Omelyanenko // Економіка промисловості. — 2025. — № 4 (112). — С. 13-30. — Бібліогр.: 25 назв. — англ. |
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| description | The article is devoted to the consideration of the features and global trends of the development of the instrumentation engineering industry and the main ideas for industrial policy for its development in the context of the transition to Industry 4.0 and 5.0. The basic global models of the development and projects in instrumentation engineering industry are determined. Recommendations for industrial policy in the field of instrumentation engineering industry in Ukraine are formulated.
Сучасне приладобудування розвивається на основі глобальних індустріальних трендів конвергенції цифрових технологій і є важливою складовою кіберфізичних систем, що підтримують Індустрію 4.0 та поступовий перехід до Індустрії 5.0. Інтеграція «розумних» сенсорів, штучного інтелекту, цифрових двійників і рішень Інтернету речей фундаментально змінила логіку функціонування приладів, забезпечуючи збір даних у реальному часі, автономний аналіз, прогнозне обслуговування та оптимізацію виробничих і дослідницьких процесів. Це сприяє формуванню «розумних», взаємопов’язаних екосистем, де фізичні вимірювання безпосередньо інтегруються у віртуальні моделі для підтримки процесу прийняття рішень. Розвиток приладобудівної промисловості в контексті Індустрії 4.0 та 5.0 формує нову логіку функціонування галузі, де аналітичні системи стають невід’ємною частиною кіберфізичного простору, сприяючи сталому, технологічно гнучкому та орієнтованому на людину розвитку.
Проєкти у приладобудуванні є ключовим інструментом розвитку галузі в контексті переходу до Індустрії 4.0 та 5.0. Створення експериментальних фабрик, освітньо-наукових кластерів, інноваційних і технологічних парків, ініціатив «розумних міст» і публічно-приватних партнерств дозволяє одночасно впроваджувати передові технології та вдосконалювати організаційні й управлінські моделі.
Розвиток приладобудування визначається не лише технологічними інноваціями, а й специфікою національної промислової політики. Досліджено моделі розвитку приладобудівної індустрії крізь призму промислової політики в контексті переходу до Індустрії 4.0 та 5.0. Аналіз моделей розвитку галузі (американської, європейської, японської та китайської) свідчить, що кожна країна формує унікальний підхід до розвитку приладобудування, який поєднує стратегічні пріоритети держави, роль приватного бізнесу, наукові школи та міжнародну інтеграцію.
Для України перспективним є формування гібридної моделі, що поєднуватиме європейські підходи до стандартизації та «зеленої» трансформації, американсько-японську орієнтацію на комерціалізацію, китайський підхід до масштабного виробництва. Така модель дозволить інтегрувати українське приладобудування у глобальні ланцюги Індустрії 4.0 і підготувати його до вимог Індустрії 5.0.
Для забезпечення ефективного розвитку приладобудівної галузі України доцільно реалізувати промислову політику, що поєднує підтримку наукових досліджень, розвиток людського потенціалу та створення сучасної нормативно-інституційної бази, адаптованої до вимог Індустрії 4.0 та 5.0. Промислова політика має охоплювати стимулювання міжнародної кооперації, підтримку цифрової трансформації виробництва та інтеграції у глобальні інноваційні мережі, а також оновлення галузевих стандартів. При цьому важливо орієнтувати розвиток приладобудування на принципи сталого розвитку, поєднуючи індустріальне зростання з екологічною відповідальністю та «зеленою» модернізацією.
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| first_indexed | 2025-12-17T12:03:33Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
13ISSN 1562-109X. Економіка промисловості. 2025. № 4 (112)
ЕКОНОМІКА
ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ
ECONOMY
OF INDUSTRY
МІЖНАРОДНІ, МАКРОЕКОНОМІЧНІ
ТА РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ
EINTERNATIONAL, MACROECONOMIC
AND REGIONAL PROBLEMS OF INDUSTRY
http://doi.org/10.15407/econindustry2025.04.013
УДК 338.262:338.45:004.8:621.38+621.39
JEL: L52, O25, L63, Q55
Vitaliy A. OMELYANENKO, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Senior Researcher, Professor
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0713-1444
Е-mail: omvitaliy@gmail.com
Institute of Industrial Economics of NAS of Ukraine
2 Maria Kapnist Street, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
SECTORAL ASPECT OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN INDUSTRY 4.0
AND 5.0 CONDITIONS (CASE OF INSTRUMENTATION
ENGINEERING INDUSTRY)
Th e article is devoted to the consideration of the features and global trends of the development of the instrumentation engi-
neering industry and the main ideas for industrial policy for its development in the context of the transition to Industry 4.0
and 5.0. Th e basic global models of the development and projects in instrumentation engineering industry are determined.
Recommendations for industrial policy in the fi eld of instrumentation engineering industry in Ukraine are formulated.
Keywords: instrumentation engineering industry, Industry 4.0 and 5.0, projects, industrial policy.
Цит ув ання: Omelyanenko V. A. Sectoral aspect of industrial policy in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 conditions (case of instrumen-
tation engineering industry). Ekon. promisl. 2025. № 4 (112). P. 13—30. http://doi.org/10.15407/econindustry.2025.04.013
© Видавець ВД «Академперіодика» НАН України, 2025. Стаття опублікована на умовах відкритого доступу за
ліцензією CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Th e complexity of the innovation & technological
systems of Industry 4.0 and 5.0 lies in their multi-
dimensionality, integration of physical and digital
environments, interaction between artifi cial intel-
ligence, Internet of Th ings, robotic complexes and
cyber-physical systems. Th ey form a new type of
production, where data becomes the main re-
source. At the same time, the speed of their pro-
cessing and transformation into management so-
lutions determines the competitiveness of enter-
prises and entire sectors (Manyika et al., 2017).
Th e transition to Industry 5.0 is complicated by
additional dimensions — human orientation, sus-
tainability and harmonization of technological so-
lutions with social and environmental needs. Th is
creates a challenge for traditional industries, which
must simultaneously ensure modernization and
remain sensitive to public expectations and global
trends of sustainable development.
Th e relevance of industrial policy for adapting
traditional technological sectors to the conditions
of Industry 4.0 and 5.0 is particularly evident in
the fi eld of instrumentation engineering industry.
Th is sector has always been a key link between
fundamental science, production and practice im-
plementation of innovations. Th e transformation
of the world economy under the infl uence of digi-
talization, automation and global challenges re-
quires coordinated decisions from the state and
business to ensure technological renewal and in-
crease the competitiveness of the industry. Instru-
mentation industry is a basic sector that deter-
mines the possibilities for modernization of other
industries. Control, measurement, monitoring and
14 ISSN 1562-109X Econ. promisl. 2025. № 4 (112)
V. A. Omelyanenko
automation of processes are impossible without
modern high-precision instruments and integrat-
ed systems. In the context of the transition to In-
dustry 4.0, it appears not only as a tool for improv-
ing production, but also as a driver for the devel-
opment of new technological structures (Proko-
penko et al., 2025). Th e problem is that most tradi-
tional production systems were formed in previ-
ous technological eras. Th ey are oft en character-
ized by an outdated material and technical base,
limited use of digital solutions and low level of in-
tegration with global innovation chains.
Literature review
Th e transformation of industrial policy in 4.0 and
5.0 context has increasingly emphasized sectoral
approaches that integrate technological innova-
tion, digital infrastructure and institutional mod-
ernization. Within this framework, the instrumen-
tation engineering industry occupies a pivotal po-
sition — it provides the essential technological base
for automation, analytics and smart manufacturing
systems. Research of industrial policy evolution
demonstrates that states are moving from tradi-
tional industrial protectionism toward fostering
complex innovation ecosystems that link industry,
academia and digital tools (Juhász et al., 2024;
Hamilton-Hart & Yeung, 2021). Th e role of govern-
ment thus extends to shaping data platforms, sup-
porting industrial clustering and ensuring techno-
logical sovereignty, particularly in strategic high-
tech sectors like instrumentation and control engi-
neering (Hsu, 2024; Hu & Zheng, 2021).
Th e instrumentation engineering industry is un-
dergoing rapid technological convergence driven
by the integration of artifi cial intelligence, cyber-
physical systems and IoT-based solutions, trans-
forming it into a central enabler of the new indus-
trial paradigm (Asif et al., 2023; Zhu et al., 2020).
Industry research indicates growing investment in
AI-enhanced instruments, remote diagnostics and
predictive maintenance, signaling the transition to
fully digitalized manufacturing environments (Kyle
& McVoy, 2024; Singh, 2025). As a result, industrial
policy must increasingly address the dual challenge
of supporting technological innovation within the
instrumentation industry while ensuring that its
outcomes drive modernization across other indus-
trial sectors (Prokopenko et al., 2025).
From a regional and institutional perspective, the
evolution of smart specialization policies demon-
strates the importance of adaptive governance and
targeted industrial support mechanisms (Pidory-
cheva & Bash, 2024; Zaloznova & Chekina, 2025).
In countries like Ukraine, policy emphasis is shift -
ing toward fostering digital clusters and sectoral
innovation platforms to accelerate Industry 4.0
adoption and prepare for the human-centered fea-
tures of Industry 5.0 (Vyshnevskyi et al., 2024).
Th e experience of East Asian economies further il-
lustrates how state-led coordination can eff ectively
integrate digital transformation within industrial
structures. Th us, sustainable growth in instrumen-
tation engineering depends on aligning industrial
policy with technological foresight, human capital
development and cross-sectoral collaboration, po-
sitioning the sector as both a driver and benefi cia-
ry of smart industrial transformation.
Instrumentation engineering industry in many
countries faces a double challenge. On the one
hand, there is a need to update existing production
capacities and technologies. On the other hand,
there is a need to create an environment for the de-
velopment of smart solutions, artifi cial intelligence,
cyber-physical systems and Industry 5.0 technolo-
gies, which are focused not only on effi ciency, but
also on people, sustainability and environmental fri-
endliness (Vyshnevskyi et al, 2024). Without a clear
and consistent industrial policy, these challenges
remain unresolved, which threatens the loss of sci-
entifi c and technical potential, lagging behind in
the development of technological systems and a de-
crease in international competitiveness.
Based on the conducted review of research, it
can be determined that there is a lack of consider-
ation of sectoral aspects of industrial policy under
the conditions of Industry 4.0 and 5.0, particularly
in relation to the instrumentation engineering in-
dustry. While numerous studies explore techno-
logical trends, digital transformation and innova-
tion ecosystems, relatively few researches address
how industrial policy specifi cally targets (or adapts)
to the needs of this sector. Th is gap suggests that
current policy frameworks oft en remain too gen-
eralized, overlooking the distinct technological,
organizational and institutional dynamics, that cha-
racterize instrumentation engineering as a strate-
gic enabler of smart industrial development. Th us,
the formation of a modern industrial policy in the
fi eld of instrumentation engineering industry is a
necessary prerequisite not only for the preserva-
tion of the industry, but also for creating a eco-
15ISSN 1562-109X. Економіка промисловості. 2025. № 4 (112)
Sectoral aspect of industrial policy in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 conditions (case of instrumentation engineering industry)
nomic, institutional and technological foundati-
ons for the integration of traditional technological
sectors into a new industrial paradigm.
Th erefore, the objective of this research is to
conduct a descriptive analysis and comparison of
the models of instrumentation engineering indus-
try development in leading countries (the USA,
the EU, Japan and China) within the framework of
industrial policy under Industry 4.0 and 5.0, to
identify approaches relevant for Ukraine.
Instrumentation engineering industry
trends analytics
Instrumentation engineering industry is a sector
of mechanical engineering that produces means
of measurement, analysis, processing and presen-
tation of information, control devices, automatic
and automated control systems (Dobrovska, Ovsi-
enko, 2018).
Th e key task of modern instrumentation engi-
neering industry is to create high-tech sensors,
controllers, actuators and integrated systems ca-
pable of operating as part of a single digital envi-
ronment of the city. Th e basis of such systems is
the concept of the Internet of Th ings (IoT), which
involves the interconnection of a large number of
devices capable of collecting, transmitting and
processing data in real time.
Based on this role of instrument making, it is
advisable to use the industrial ecosystem approach
for its analysis. Th e use of this approach is impor-
tant for the development of the instrument mak-
ing industry, since this area is characterized by
high technological complexity, the need to inte-
grate various scientifi c, production and digital
components. Instrument making cannot function
eff ectively in isolation. Th e development of the in-
dustry depends on close interaction with mechan-
ical engineering, electronics, materials science,
soft ware engineering and energy. It is the ecosys-
tem approach that allows you to combine these ar-
eas into a single innovative space in which com-
mon standards are formed, knowledge is ex-
changed, joint technological solutions and pro-
duction chains with high added value are created.
Such interconnection ensures the fl exibility of the
industry accelerates the introduction of new tech-
nologies and helps to increase the global competi-
tiveness of products. In addition, the industrial
ecosystem model makes it possible to respond
more eff ectively to the challenges of digital trans-
formation, develop cooperation between science
and business, and support a continuous cycle of
innovation, and accordingly develop an eff ective
industrial policy.
Instrumentation engineering industry is under-
going a profound transformation driven by the
convergence of digital technologies, automation
and global industrial trends. Th e integration of
smart sensors, artifi cial intelligence and IoT solu-
tions has shift ed the discipline from traditional
measurement and control functions to being a
critical enabler of Industry 4.0 and 5.0. Under-
standing these trends is essential for both aca-
demia and industry as they reveal not only the
current state of innovation but also the challenges
and opportunities for future development. Table 1
provides a structured overview of the key trends in
modern instrumentation engineering industry,
their implications and illustrative examples.
Technological innovation is a key driver of the
development of global instrumentation engineer-
ing industry in the era of Industry 4.0 and the
gradual transition to Industry 5.0. Advances in
chromatography, mass spectrometry, spectroscopy
and nuclear magnetic resonance have not only in-
creased the accuracy, sensitivity and effi ciency of
analytical instruments, but also created opportu-
nities for their inclusion in complex cyber-physi-
cal systems. Th is allows the integration of instru-
ments into production and research processes,
where digital twins reproduce the behavior of ob-
jects and systems in a virtual environment, provid-
ing real-time prediction, optimization and control
(Market Research Future, 2025).
Th e combination of classical analytical meth-
ods with digital technologies of Industry 4.0 (arti-
fi cial intelligence, machine learning, Internet of
Th ings) has revolutionized the operation of in-
struments, giving them the ability to autonomous
data processing, intelligent monitoring and pre-
dictive maintenance. As a result, it is possible to
minimize the risks of human error, increase pro-
ductivity and facilitate the emergence of fl exible
production and research platforms. Industry 5.0
paradigm emphasizes the collaboration of hu-
mans and artifi cial intelligence, which allows for
personalized analytical solutions, focusing on
safety, sustainability and social responsibility.
In addition, the trend towards miniaturization
and the creation of portable devices increases the
mobility of analytics, making it available in the
16 ISSN 1562-109X Econ. promisl. 2025. № 4 (112)
V. A. Omelyanenko
fi eld from remote medical centers to environmen-
tal monitoring and food safety control. Combined
with digital twins, such devices become elements
of “smart” ecosystems, where physical measure-
ments are immediately integrated into virtual
models to support decision-making.
Th us, the development of instrumentation engi-
neering industry in the context of Industry 4.0—
5.0 goes beyond the traditional increase in accu-
racy and effi ciency, forming a new logic, where
analytical systems are an integral part of the cyber-
physical space, ensuring sustainable, human-cen-
tric and technologically fl exible development.
Modern instrumentation engineering industry
is no longer limited to traditional measurement
and control tasks but has evolved into a multidi-
mensional fi eld that integrates digital technolo-
gies, including artifi cial intelligence and sustain-
ability principles.
Th e identifi ed technological directions (table 1)
show a strong shift toward interconnected, intelli-
gent and adaptive systems capable of supporting
complex industrial, medical and environmental
applications. At the same time, new challenges
emerge, such as cybersecurity risks, ethical con-
siderations of AI and the need for interdisciplinary
expertise. Th e ability to address these challenges
while leveraging advanced technologies will defi ne
the next generation of instrumentation and its role
in shaping Industry 4.0 and the green transition.
According to experts of Grand View Research
(2025) the global analytical instrumentation mar-
ket size was estimated at USD 55,00 billion in 2024
and is anticipated to reach USD 90,48 billion by
2033, growing at a CAGR of 5,79 % from 2025 to
2033 (fi g. 1). Among the underlying reasons for
the market expansion, experts consider increasing
demands for precise quality assurance, continuous
innovation in research and development, stricter
regulatory standards and wider use in sectors such
as pharmaceuticals, environmental monitoring,
food safety and chemical industries.
According to Straits Research “the global instru-
mentation services market was valued at USD
33,46 billion in 2023. It is estimated to reach USD
57,05 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 6,1 %
during the forecast period (2024—2032). Th e world
is witnessing rapid automation in every sector and
the industrial sector is no exception. Th e adoption
of automation in the industrial sector aids in en-
hancing effi ciency, productivity and quality con-
trol. Th us, the surging adoption of industrial auto-
mation is anticipated to drive the global market.
Moreover, in recent times, key market players in
the instrumentation services industry are taking up
several strategic initiatives to enhance their market
share, thereby creating opportunities for market
growth” (Straits Research, 2023).
Instrumentation services include the installa-
tion, calibration, maintenance and repair of a vari-
ety of devices used to measure, control and moni-
tor industrial processes. Th ese services ensure the
accurate and reliable operation of sensors, meters,
gauges and controllers, which contributes to the
effi ciency, safety and quality of production opera-
tions. Instrumentation specialists have knowledge
in the fi elds of electronics, mechanics and mea-
surement technology and are responsible for per-
forming these tasks in various industrial sectors,
including manufacturing, oil and gas, pharmaceu-
ticals and utilities. Regular inspections, trouble-
shooting and fi ne-tuning help avoid equipment
failures, optimize production processes and com-
ply with regulatory requirements. As a result, these
services are crucial for increasing productivity, re-
ducing downtime and maintaining the stability of
industrial ecosystems.
Th e active implementation of automation in
various industrial sectors is stimulating the glob-
al demand for services for the maintenance and
calibration of measuring instruments. Such ser-
vices are becoming key for the installation and
support of automated systems, as companies
strive to increase productivity, reduce personnel
costs and improve production effi ciency. With
the increasing complexity of production process-
es and the increasing requirements for the accu-
racy of control instruments, the need for profes-
sional service of measuring instruments is be-
coming increasingly relevant. In addition, the
development of industrial sectors (manufactur-
ing, pharmaceuticals, oil and automotive indus-
tries) is accelerating the implementation of auto-
mation to optimize processes and maintain con-
sistent product quality. Th is, in turn, stimulates
the demand for specialized services for the instal-
lation, calibration and maintenance of complex
automated equipment.
Th e market for instrumentation services is char-
acterized by signifi cant barriers due to high initial
investments. Th e costs of modern equipment,
technology and qualifi ed personnel make the cre-
17ISSN 1562-109X. Економіка промисловості. 2025. № 4 (112)
Sectoral aspect of industrial policy in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 conditions (case of instrumentation engineering industry)
Table 1. Key technological directions in the instrumentation engineering industry
Technological
direction1 Description Implications Illustrative examples
Smart sensors and IoT
integration
Development of interconnected
sensors capable of wireless com-
munication and real-time data
sharing
Enables predictive analyt-
ics, process optimization
and remote monitoring
Industrial IoT platforms,
wireless temperature/pres-
sure sensors, connected
medical devices
Artifi cial intelligence
and machine learning
Application of AI/ML for data
analysis, pattern recognition and
predictive maintenance
Enhances decision-
making, reduces down-
time, improves system
effi ciency
AI-based fault detection in
manufacturing, ML-driven
process control
Digital twins Creation of virtual replicas of
physical systems for real-time
monitoring and simulation
Improves system design,
testing, predictive main-
tenance and risk man-
agement
Digital twin of chemical
plants, energy grids, or aero-
space systems
Miniaturization and
MEMS technology
Use of microelectromechanical
systems for compact, precise in-
struments
Expands applications in
healthcare, wearables and
portable devices
MEMS accelerometers, gyro-
scopes, lab-on-a-chip sensors
Advanced materials in
sensors
Use of nanomaterials, composites
and fl exible substrates for higher
sensitivity and durability
Improves sensor accu-
racy, lowers energy con-
sumption, enables wear-
able instrumentation
Graphene-based biosensors,
fl exible strain gauges
Cybersecurity in in-
strumentation
Protection of data integrity and
control systems against cyber
threats.
Ensures reliability and
safety of critical infra-
structure.
Secure industrial control
systems, encryption for wire-
less instrumentation.
Sustainability Designing instruments that sup-
port renewable energy, emissions
monitoring and energy effi ciency
Facilitates environmental
monitoring and compli-
ance with climate policies
Smart grids, emission detec-
tion sensors, energy-effi cient
industrial instruments
Edge computing in
instrumentation
Processing data at the source of
generation rather than in central-
ized systems
Reduces latency, increas-
es effi ciency, supports
real-time applications
Edge-enabled vibration mon-
itoring in turbines, local AI
inference in IoT devices
Human-machine
interfaces (HMI) and
augmented reality
Advanced visualization and inter-
action tools for operators
Enhances training, deci-
sion-making and safety
in complex environments
AR glasses for maintenance,
digital dashboards in indus-
trial plants
Integration of instru-
mentation with bio-
technology
Development of medical and bio-
logical measurement systems
Expands diagnostic capa-
bilities and personalized
medicine
Wearable health monitors,
biosensors for early disease
detection
1Th e technological direction refl ects the specifi c trajectory of the technological development of the industry and embod-
ies the applied solutions, technologies and products that implement these changes in practice.
Source: compiled by author based on Maus (2025); General Instruments Consortium (2024); Wang & Zhang (2017); Zhu
et al (2020); Singh (2025); Asif et al (2023); Kyle & McVoy (2024); Narayanan & Schuetz (2014); Lai & Zhao (2025).
ation of a comprehensive infrastructure an expen-
sive and diffi cult task. Such capital-intensive na-
ture limits market access for startups and small
businesses, reducing their ability to compete eff ec-
tively and expand their activities.
In the context of state industrial policy, high ini-
tial costs become an important point of interven-
tion: the state can stimulate the development of the
sector through grants, preferential loans and mod-
ernization programs that support both new and ex-
isting market players. Th e need for constant techno-
logical renewal emphasizes the need for long-term
state strategies to support innovation and reduce
the risks associated with capital investments.
Market players actively use mergers, acquisitions
and partnerships to strengthen their positions. For
example, Allied Valve acquired Great Lakes Process
Controls in 2022 to expand its presence and techno-
logical expertise in the Midwest. Similarly, Gem-
spring Capital Management acquired a controlling
18 ISSN 1562-109X Econ. promisl. 2025. № 4 (112)
V. A. Omelyanenko
interest in JTI Electrical & Instrumentation, which
enables the design and installation of complex elec-
trical and mechanical systems, improving the effi -
ciency of industrial processes (Straits Research,
2023). Such initiatives create additional opportuni-
ties for market growth, which can be supported by
government industrial policy programs.
Th e global instrumentation services market can
be structured by service type, technology, applica-
tion and end-user industries.
By service type, calibration, diagnostics and re-
pair, testing and commissioning, training and con-
sulting services and maintenance are distinguished.
Th e largest market share is occupied by the calibra-
tion services segment, which ensures the accuracy
and reliability of equipment in manufacturing,
healthcare, environmental monitoring etc. Calibra-
tion involves comparing the performance of an in-
strument with a known standard to identify and cor-
rect deviations, which is critical for quality, safety
and regulatory compliance. Government policies
can stimulate the development of this segment
through grants and subsidies, supporting equipment
modernization and increasing accuracy standards.
By technology, the market includes distributed
control systems (DCS), SCADA systems, program-
mable logic controllers (PLC), MES and other solu-
tions. PLCs are industrial computers that automate
Fig. 1. Analytical instrumentation market, by product, 2023—2033
Source: Grand View Research, 2025.
electromechanical processes, integrate with sen-
sors and actuators, providing reliable real-time
control. Government initiatives can support the
training of PLC engineers and the implementation
of modern automation systems in enterprises, in-
creasing national industrial competitiveness.
By application, instrumentation services are
used for control, monitoring, testing, safety and
other tasks. Th ey ensure the accuracy of produc-
tion processes, help prevent equipment failures,
optimize operations and reduce risks. In the con-
text of industrial policy, the government can intro-
duce standards and certifi cation programs that
stimulate enterprises to use modern monitoring
systems and improve effi ciency.
By end-user industries, the market covers oil and
gas, chemicals, energy, pharmaceuticals, food in-
dustry, water supply, automotive and others. Th e
role of services is particularly important in the food
and beverage industry, where accurate measure-
ments of temperature, pressure, pH, humidity and
fl ow rate ensure quality, safety and regulatory com-
pliance. Public policy can stimulate the implemen-
tation of such solutions by ensuring standards con-
trol and supporting innovative technologies in
critical industries.
Th e global instrumentation services market plays
a critical role in industrial automation, process con-
19ISSN 1562-109X. Економіка промисловості. 2025. № 4 (112)
Sectoral aspect of industrial policy in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 conditions (case of instrumentation engineering industry)
trol and quality assurance across diverse sectors.
Understanding these segments is essential for de-
signing eff ective national industrial policies that en-
courage innovation, ensure high standards of safety
and quality and enhance industrial competitiveness.
In the table 2 we have summarized the key segments,
their roles and the opportunities for policy support.
Instrumentation services are indispensable for
maintaining the accuracy, safety and effi ciency of
industrial processes. National industrial policies
play a pivotal role in supporting the moderniza-
tion of these services, facilitating workforce train-
ing and encouraging the adoption of advanced
automation technologies. By strategically promot-
ing investments in calibration, monitoring and
process control, governments can enhance general
industrial competitiveness, optimize operational
effi ciency and strengthen compliance with regula-
tory standards across key sectors.
Based on the analysis of the features of the de-
velopment of industry technologies and current
trends table 3 was formed.
Models of instrumentation engineering
industry development through the prism
of industrial policy and Industry 4.0—5.0
Th e development of instrumentation engineering
industry is determined not only by technological
innovations, but also by the specifi cs of national
Table 2. Instrumentation services market overview (policy perspective)
Dimension Segments / technologies Role Policy implications
Service type Calibration, diagnostics & re-
pair, testing & commissioning,
training, consultancy, mainte-
nance
Ensures accuracy, reliability and
compliance of instruments across
manufacturing, healthcare and en-
vironmental monitoring
Government grants, subsidies
and modernization programs
can promote adoption and
standardization
Technology Distributed control systems
(DCS), SCADA, programmable
logic controllers (PLC), manu-
facturing execution systems
(MES)
PLCs and other systems automate
electromechanical processes, moni-
tor inputs/outputs, integrate with
sensors and enable precise real-time
control
Industrial policy can support
training, certifi cation and
adoption of advanced auto-
mation to enhance national
competitiveness
Application Process control, monitoring
& inspection, test & measure-
ment, safety & security
Supports operational effi ciency,
early fault detection, safety and
regulatory compliance
Policy measures can encour-
age certifi cation programs,
standards enforcement and
adoption of modern moni-
toring systems
End-user in-
dustry
Oil & gas, chemicals, power
generation, pharmaceuticals,
food & beverages, water &
wastewater, automotive
Food & beverage sector is highly
dependent on precise measure-
ments (temperature, pressure, pH,
fl ow) to maintain quality, safety and
regulatory compliance
Policies can incentivize the
adoption of instrumentation,
ensure food safety standards
and promote innovation in
critical sectors
Source: author’s idea.
industrial policies. Each country forms its own
model, which combines the strategic priorities of
the state, the role of private business, scientifi c
schools and international integration (Hsu, 2024;
Lane, 2009).
In the context of Industry 4.0 and 5.0, instru-
ment making acquires special importance, since it
is it that provides sensor systems, automation, cy-
ber-physical complexes and tools for human-tech-
nology interaction.
Th is allows us to distinguish several basic types
of policies that determine the trajectory of the in-
strumentation engineering industry development:
1. American model (policy of technological lead-
ership and market commercialization).
Th e USA implements an industrial policy fo-
cused on supporting high-tech sectors and global
competitiveness in the era of Industry 4.0. Instru-
mentation is integrated into strategic areas —
aviation, space technology, defense, biomedicine
and IT, where innovation is considered as a basic
tool for the transition to Industry 5.0, which em-
phasizes human-scale technologies and ethical
use of AI. Th e main emphasis is on the market
commercialization of innovations, which is sup-
ported by venture capital and partnerships of
corporations (General Electric, Honeywell, Texas
Instruments) with universities and public labora-
tories. American policy builds technological lea-
20 ISSN 1562-109X Econ. promisl. 2025. № 4 (112)
V. A. Omelyanenko
Table 3. Main dimensions of instrumentation engineering industry development
Dimension Key indicators Current trends Opportunities Challenges
Production Number of manufac-
tured instruments,
output in monetary
terms
Moderate growth due to
modernization of facto-
ries; increasing automa-
tion
Expansion in smart
devices, medical in-
struments and IoT
components
Aging infrastructure,
dependency on im-
ported components
Innovation and
R&D
Patents, R&D spend-
ing, collaboration
with universities
Increasing R&D invest-
ments; emergence of
tech startups
Development of AI-
enabled instruments,
precision measure-
ment, robotics
Limited funding,
shortage of skilled
researchers
Market and ex-
port
Export volume, mar-
ket share, internation-
al partnerships
Rising exports to EU
and Asia; integration
into global value chains
Access to high-value
international markets,
certifi cation of products
Competition from
established foreign
brands, regulatory
barriers
Digital transfor-
mation
Adoption of Indus-
try 4.0 technologies,
IoT, digital twins
Growing implementa-
tion of smart factories
and automation
Improved effi ciency,
predictive mainte-
nance, reduced costs
High initial invest-
ment, cybersecurity
threats
Human сapital Number of engineers,
vocational training
programs, STEM
graduates
Workforce upskilling
programs increasing
Stronger talent pool for
high-tech development
Brain drain, mismatch
of skills with industry
needs
Financial and
policy support
Subsidies, grants, tax
incentives, cluster
programs
Government incentives
for modernization; pub-
lic-private partnerships
Investment in modern
equipment, techno-
logical renewal
Bureaucracy, uneven
policy implementation
Sustainability and
circularity
Energy effi ciency,
resource recycling,
waste reduction
Slow but growing adop-
tion of green manufac-
turing
Reduced environmen-
tal impact, cost sav-
ings, EU compliance
High costs, limited
awareness of sustain-
able practices
Source: author`s idea.
dership on a combination of cyber-physical sys-
tems, IoT and artifi cial intelligence.
2. European model (integration policy, sustain-
able development and regulatory framework).
Th e EU is forming a model in which instrumen-
tation engineering industry becomes the core of
the transition to “green” Industry 4.0, based on
digitalization and energy effi ciency, as well as to
Industry 5.0, which emphasizes the role of humans
in technological processes and the balance be-
tween technology and sustainable development.
Framework programs (Horizon Europe, Digital
Europe) stimulate the creation of consortia of
businesses, universities and government agencies.
Devices are seen as a key tool for environmental
monitoring, energy control and smart city man-
agement. Th e European model combines regula-
tory policy (standardization, data security, open
innovation) with supranational coordination, en-
suring an integrated trajectory in a global context.
3. Japanese model (policy of strategic coordina-
tion and technological nicheness).
Japan is building an industrial policy where de-
vice manufacturing is a critical foundation for In-
dustry 4.0, with its automation, robotics and high-
precision sensors and at the same time is focused on
the challenges of Industry 5.0, which seeks a harmo-
nious combination of technology and the human
dimension. Manufacturers (Hitachi, Mitsubishi,
Omron) are actively working on the development of
MEMS, biomedical devices and intelligent control
systems. Japanese policy is characterized by syste-
maticity, where government programs coordinate
the integration of corporations and universities. Its
focus is niche leadership in high-precision instru-
mentation technologies, which is the foundation of
the country’s global competitive advantage.
4. Chinese model (policy of state dirigisme and
large-scale investments).
China is actively forming its own model within
the framework of the “Made in China 2025” and
“Internet Plus” programs, focusing on a rapid tran-
sition to Industry 4.0 through automation, digitali-
zation and mass production (Wang, Zhang, 2017).
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Sectoral aspect of industrial policy in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 conditions (case of instrumentation engineering industry)
Industrial policy has a pronounced dirigiste char-
acter: the state determines strategic priorities, di-
rects investments and coordinates the development
of instrumentation as an infrastructure for smart
industry, telecommunications and medicine. In
parallel, China is beginning to adapt the principles
of Industry 5.0, in particular in the fi eld of biomed-
ical technologies and energy, gradually shift ing the
emphasis from copying to creating its own scien-
tifi c developments. Th e main strategy is to scale up
results and import substitution, which ensures rap-
id strengthening of technological sovereignty.
Ukraine is in the process of forming its own in-
dustrial policy, which has the potential to integrate
into the European and global space of Industry 4.0—
5.0. Traditional areas (aviation, defense and measur-
ing instruments) create the foundation for the resto-
ration of the industry and new opportunities are
opening up in the areas of sensors, biomedicine and
digital solutions.
Th e table 4 summarizes the features of global
models and elements that can be used in Ukraine
through pilot projects in instrumentation engi-
neering industry.
Modern challenges stimulate an adaptation poli-
cy that combines participation in European pro-
grams, the development of startups and support for
the defense-industrial complex. Th e creation of a
hybrid model that will combine the European em-
phasis on standardization and the “green transi-
Table 4. Features of global models of instrumentation engineering industry
development, conclusions and pilot projects for Ukraine
National model Key elements of industrial policy Conclusions for Ukraine Pilot projects
American model
(technological leader-
ship and market com-
mercialization)
strong venture capital and start-
up ecosystem;
rapid commercialization of R&D;
focus on disruptive technologies
in AI, biotech, space, instrumenta-
tion;
university-industry collaboration;
strengthen innovation
fi nancing (venture funds,
accelerators);
promote technology
transfer and spin-off s;
support entrepreneurship
in high-tech industries;
start-up accelerators for
smart instrumentation;
AI-driven biotech pilot
labs;
consortia for commercial-
ization of Industry 4.0/5.0
solutions;
European model
(integration, sustain-
ability and regulatory
frameworks)
emphasis on sustainable develop-
ment and green transition;
strong regulatory frameworks
(environmental standards, data
protection);
Industry 4.0 focus on digital plat-
forms and smart specialization;
cross-border cooperation and
integration of value chains;
adapt EU regulatory
frameworks for industrial
modernization;
promote circular economy
and eco-innovation;
implement smart special-
ization strategies regionally;
green industrial parks;
smart specialization pilot
projects in regions;
IoT-enabled energy ef-
fi ciency pilots;
Japanese model (stra-
tegic coordination and
technological niche
orientation)
strong state-business coordina-
tion;
human-centric society 5.0 vision;
focus on technological niches
(robotics, precision engineering,
healthcare tech);
integration of social and techno-
logical innovation;
build coordination mech-
anisms between govern-
ment, industry, academia;
develop niche sectors
where Ukraine can lead
(instrument engineering,
agro-biotech);
promote human-centric
innovation aligned with
Society 5.0;
pilot projects in precision
medical instrumentation;
robotics-assisted manu-
facturing lines;
regional Society 5.0 liv-
ing labs;
Chinese model (state
dirigisme and large-
scale investment)
state-driven modernization prog-
rams
Large-scale investment in AI, 5G,
robotics and smart manufacturing;
export-oriented strategy with
global expansion;
national industrial zones - testing
locations.
create national programs
for industrial digitalization;
establish large-scale indus-
trial zones for Industry 4.0;
strengthen export-orient-
ed high-tech production.
national digital industrial
parks;
smart manufacturing
pilot zones;
export-oriented logistics
and instrumentation hubs.
Source: compiled by author based on Hsu (2024); Hu & Zheng (2021); Hamilton-Hart & Yeung (2021); Juhász, Lane &
Rodrik (2024); Wang & Zhang (2017); Zaloznova & Chekina (2025).
22 ISSN 1562-109X Econ. promisl. 2025. № 4 (112)
V. A. Omelyanenko
tion”, American-Japanese orientation on commer-
cialization and precision, as well as the Chinese
scale in production is promising. Th is will allow
Ukraine to join to some areas of the global Indus-
try 4.0 technological chain and prepare for the re-
quirements of Industry 5.0, which emphasizes hu-
manistic and sustainable aspects of development.
Projects in instrumentation
engineering industry
Modern instrumentation engineering industry is one
of the key industries that determines the level of tech-
nological independence and innovative potential of
the state. In the context of the transition to Industry
4.0, it is transforming into a multifunctional sphere
that combines the production of high-tech sensors,
measuring systems, automated complexes and intel-
ligent devices for various sectors of the economy. Th is
transformation requires not only technical innova-
tions, but also eff ective organizational and economic
solutions that can ensure the synergy of science, edu-
cation, business and public administration.
Organizational and economic projects for the
development of instrumentation engineering in-
dustry cover a wide range of initiatives: from the
creation of experimental factories and pilot pro-
duction sites to the formation of educational & sci-
entifi c clusters, technology parks and smart city
projects. Th eir peculiarity is that they are aimed
not only at the introduction of the latest technolo-
gies, but also at the modernization of management
models, formation of partnerships between the
state and business, as well as integration into the
international scientifi c and innovative space.
In table 5 main projects for instrumentation en-
gineering industry development are presented.
Th e presented in table 5 projects in instrumen-
tation engineering industry act as a driver of in-
dustrial development, combining experimental
production models, educational & research clus-
ters, innovation parks and smart cities initiatives.
Th ey create conditions for the eff ective implemen-
tation of innovations, strengthening international
cooperation and ecological transformation of pro-
duction. In future such projects that will deter-
mine the competitiveness of the instrumentation
engineering industry and its ability to adapt to the
challenges of the global economy.
Table 5. Projects in instrumentation engineering industry
Project type Description Key features Expected outcomes
Experimental
factories
Pilot plants for testing new
production technologies in
instrumentation
Flexible manufacturing sys-
tems, integration of Indus-
try 4.0 solutions, real-time
monitoring
Faster innovation transfer, reduced
risks in scaling, practical validation
of new technologies
Educational &
research clusters
Networks uniting universi-
ties, research centers and
industry
Joint laboratories, interdis-
ciplinary programs, training
platforms
Skilled workforce, innovation-driv-
en curricula, stronger industry—
academia cooperation
Innovation and
technology parks
Specialized industrial and
research zones focused on in-
strumentation development
Business incubators, start-up
accelerators, R&D hubs
Concentration of expertise, regional
development, commercialization of
technologies
Smart City proj-
ects
Use of instrumentation for
urban digital transformation
Sensor networks, IoT applica-
tions, data-driven management
systems
New demand for instrumentation
engineering industry products, im-
proved quality of life, sustainable
cities
Public-private
partnerships
Cooperative projects be-
tween government, industry
and academia
Shared funding, strategic pro-
grams, long-term infrastruc-
ture projects
Sustainable fi nancing, moderniza-
tion of industrial base, systemic
innovation
International
cooperation
projects
Cross-border programs for
knowledge exchange and
co-development
Joint R&D, harmonization of
standards, collaborative plat-
forms
Access to global markets, increased
competitiveness, shared expertise
Green transition
projects
Organizational initiatives for
eco-friendly and sustainable
instrumentation
Low-carbon production,
recycling-based technologies,
eco-innovation labs
Compliance with green standards,
reduced environmental footprint,
ESG integration
Source: compiled by author.
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Sectoral aspect of industrial policy in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 conditions (case of instrumentation engineering industry)
Recommendations for industrial policy
of Ukraine in the fi eld of instrumentation
engineering industry
For Ukraine, it is advisable to combine diff erent
models of instrumentation engineering industry
development in order to overcome the existing
structural and technological problems of the in-
dustry. Generally current state of the Ukrainian
instrumentation engineering industry is charac-
terized by fragmentation of production, techno-
logical obsolescence, low level of standardization,
weak connection between science and industry
and insuffi cient commercialization of innovations.
In the conditions of war and post-war recovery,
the industry needs a new industrial paradigm that
will ensure technological independence and inte-
gration into the global chains of Industry 4.0.
In our opinion, the most appropriate model for
Ukraine is a hybrid model of instrumentation engi-
neering industry development, which combines
elements of proven global approaches. Th ese par-
ticular components are chosen because they are
mutually reinforcing and capture the core levers of
modern industrial policy that can compensate for
the sector’s current weaknesses. It is advisable to
borrow elements of the standardization system,
“green” transformation and orientation towards
sustainable development from the European ap-
proach. Th e American-Japanese model is useful for
Ukraine as possible measures for commercializa-
tion of research, stimulation of startups and devel-
opment of partnerships “university-business-state”.
Th e use of these elements will allow to form the
demand for instrument-making products and
strengthen the educational and scientifi c compo-
nent of the development of the industry through
support for technology transfer. Th e Chinese mod-
el demonstrates the eff ectiveness of scaling techno-
logical solutions and state support for the creation
of national production chains at the initial stages.
Th e hybrid model will allow Ukraine to use its
scientifi c potential and high level of technical edu-
cation, create a domestic market for high-tech
components, attract investments in “green” and
digital production, and reduce dependence on im-
ports of critical technologies.
Based on this, it is advisable to highlight a num-
ber of recommendations that can ensure the eff ec-
tive functioning and development of the instru-
mentation engineering industry as the as an en-
abling sector for the transformation of national in-
dustrial capabilities towards Industry 4.0 and 5.0:
1) stimulating the development of the instru-
mentation engineering industry as a key driver of
modern industrialization.
Th is includes comprehensive support for research
and development in the areas of sensor technologies,
intelligent controllers, robotics, energy management
systems and IoT solutions, without which the func-
tioning of smart production is impossible.
It is important to create specialized clusters, tech-
nology parks and innovation hubs that will become
a space for cooperation between universities, start-
ups and industrial companies. Such an ecosystem
will allow to quickly transform scientifi c ideas into
ready-made technological products.
Th e development of instrumentation engineer-
ing industry requires interdisciplinary research
cooperation. In the conditions of rapid technolog-
ical progress, independent eff orts of individual in-
dustries no longer give the expected result. Mod-
ern instruments are created at the intersection of
materials science, microelectronics, information
technology and biomedicine. Th erefore, the key
task is to form research consortia that will unite
engineers, programmers, doctors and natural sci-
entists to develop new generation sensors, micro-
electromechanical systems (MEMS) and biode-
vices. Such an approach will ensure the emergence
of innovative products with high added value and
open new market niches for Ukraine.
2) Development of innovative institutional mech-
anisms of industrial policy that would contribute to
the integration of instrumentation engineering in-
dustry solutions into industrial ecosystems.
In Ukraine the problem of developing innova-
tive institutional mechanisms of industrial policy
lies in the fragmentation of management decisions
and weak coordination between state structures,
scientifi c institutions and business. Th e existing in-
novation management system does not provide a
holistic approach to the integration of instrument-
making solutions into industrial ecosystems, which
slows down the process of digital transformation
and modernization of production. Th e lack of sus-
tainable interaction platforms, transparent fi nanc-
ing instruments for joint projects and incentives for
enterprises implementing Industry 4.0 and 5.0 tech-
nologies creates an imbalance between scientifi c po-
tential and practical results. Underdeveloped tech no-
logy transfer mechanisms, low level of commerci-
24 ISSN 1562-109X Econ. promisl. 2025. № 4 (112)
V. A. Omelyanenko
alization of scientifi c developments and limited ac-
cess to fi nancial resources restrain innovative activ-
ity in the instrument-making sector.
Th is point is not only about creating conditions
for public-private partnership, but also about
launching pilot projects in the fi eld of smart pro-
duction, including smart specialization (Pidory-
cheva & Bash, 2024). It is important to form fi -
nancial and tax incentives for enterprises that in-
vest in the digitalization of production, as well as
develop state programs for the modernization of
industrial facilities through the implementation
of intelligent control systems.
Another main barrier to the development of in-
strumentation engineering industry in Ukraine is
connected with insuffi cient level of commercializa-
tion of scientifi c developments. Strong academic
potential is not always transformed into ready-
made products for the market. Th erefore, it is nec-
essary to develop partnerships between universities
and enterprises, create joint laboratories and busi-
ness incubators. An eff ective tool will be support
for technology transfer programs that will allow
turning scientifi c discoveries into practical solu-
tions for industry, medicine and the defense sector.
3) Development of the human resource poten-
tial of instrumentation engineering industry and
smart engineering.
Instrumentation engineering requires a new gen-
eration of specialists capable of working with com-
plex systems that combine mechanics, electronics
and programming. Th erefore, it is important to de-
velop educational programs that will train engineers
with competencies in the fi eld of “smart” instru-
ment engineering, artifi cial intelligence in control
systems and sustainable engineering (Prokopenko
et al, 2024). So it is necessary to strengthen the
training of specialists in the fi elds of engineering,
cyber-physical systems, artifi cial intelligence, big
data analysis and cyber defense. Th is requires up-
dating educational programs, expanding dual edu-
cation and creating joint educational and scientifi c
platforms with the participation of universities and
businesses. Focusing training on practical tasks will
ensure the training of personnel capable of working
in high-tech industrial environments.
4) Adapting the regulatory framework to the
challenges of Industry 4.0 and 5.0.
In Ukraine the regulatory framework in the fi eld
of industrial standardization, certifi cation and se-
curity of technical systems remains largely focused
on traditional production and does not take into
account the requirements of the digital, cyber-
physical and intellectual industries. Th e lack of
modern standards for device compatibility, uni-
form requirements for cyber security of industrial
systems and regulation of data processing process-
es creates barriers to the implementation of Indus-
try 4.0 technologies and slows down the integra-
tion of Ukraine into the European technological
space. Th is problem is particularly relevant in con-
nection with the increased vulnerability of critical
infrastructure, which requires clearly defi ned secu-
rity rules when using automation systems, sensor
networks and artifi cial intelligence.
Th e state should initiate the update of regula-
tory policy through the development and imple-
mentation of modern standards for device com-
patibility, requirements for cyber security and
data protection, as well as the creation of a nation-
al system of certifi cation of equipment in the fi eld
of instrument-making, harmonized with Europe-
an directives (CE, RoHS, ISO/IEC 27000, etc.).
Th is will contribute to increasing the level of safe-
ty and reliability of products, building trust among
consumers and partners, and reducing techno-
logical risks associated with the use of intelligent
systems in industry.
In addition, it is necessary to create institutional
mechanisms for coordination between the govern-
ment, scientifi c institutions, technical universities,
manufacturers and operators of critical infrastruc-
ture for the joint development of standards and
procedures. An important component should be
the training of specialists in cybersecurity of in-
dustrial systems, certifi cation of laboratories and
test sites, as well as Ukraine’s participation in in-
ternational initiatives to develop standards for
“smart” devices and secure data exchange.
5) Stimulating international cooperation and
integration into global innovation networks.
An important direction for the development of
the instrumentation engineering industry of
Ukraine is the active stimulation of international
cooperation and integration into global innova-
tion networks. Current trends in the development
of Industry 4.0 and 5.0 demonstrate that the com-
petitiveness of industrial sectors is determined not
only by internal resources, but also by the ability to
participate in international scientifi c and techno-
logical alliances, joint research programs and part-
nership projects with transnational companies.
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Sectoral aspect of industrial policy in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 conditions (case of instrumentation engineering industry)
For Ukraine, which is at the stage of industrial res-
toration and structural modernization of the econ-
omy, participation in such initiatives has a dual
meaning as a tool for accessing the latest technolo-
gies and as an opportunity to strengthen its own
scientifi c and production potential.
It is important to ensure the systematic integra-
tion of Ukrainian institutions and enterprises into
international programs (Horizon Europe, Digital
Europe, Green Deal, LIFE Programme etc.). Th ey
provid access to funding and opportunities for re-
search, innovation, digital transformation and en-
vironmentally sustainable production. In parallel,
it is necessary to stimulate the creation of bilateral
and multilateral partnerships with leading EU uni-
versities, research centers, industrial associations
and companies that develop technologies of sen-
sors, cyber-physical systems, robotics, mechatron-
ics and smart materials.
Special attention needs to be paid to the forma-
tion of the export potential of Ukrainian instru-
mentation engineering industry, which is current-
ly limited by a low level of international market-
ing, insuffi cient certifi cation of products accord-
ing to European standards and lack of foreign
economic support. To overcome these barriers, it
is advisable to create state programs for the pro-
motion of high-tech products of Ukrainian enter-
prises on global markets, as well as provide sup-
port in passing certifi cation procedures, patenting
and participation in international exhibitions. At
the same time, it is important to stimulate the in-
ternationalization of research, the development of
joint laboratories and technology transfer centers
with European partners, which will allow Ukrai-
nian scientists and developers to participate in the
formation of global technological standards. Such
integration will not only provide access to fi nan-
cial resources, but will also increase the prestige of
Ukrainian science, expand opportunities for the
export of intellectual products, and contribute to
creating conditions for Ukraine’s long-term pres-
ence in global innovation value chains.
6) Promoting the digital transformation of in-
dustrial ecosystems.
Modern instrumentation engineering industry
is gradually becoming a digitally oriented industry
in terms of demand and supply. Th e integration of
Table 6. Recommendations for developing instrumentation engineering industry in Industry 4.0
Dimension Recommendations Examples / Focus areas
Industrial ecosystems Develop clusters uniting fi rms, universities,
R&D institutes and service providers
Instrumentation engineering industry clusters
in aerospace, energy, medical equipment
Integrate into global value chains Supplier networks for European and global
OEMs
Promote digitalization of ecosystems Shared platforms, digital twins, simulation labs
Apply mission-oriented approach Medical devices, green energy, infrastructure
recovery, defense tech
Policy
experimentation
Launch pilot policies at regional or industrial
park level
Sandbox regimes for new business models
Provide fl exible grants and vouchers Small-scale experimental R&D support with
low bureaucracy
Create regulatory sandboxes “Instrument-as-a-service” or servitization pilots
Implement adaptive learning in policymaking Evaluation mechanisms that capture lessons
for scaling
Foster cross-sectoral collaboration Joint projects with biomedical, energy, or agri-
tech sectors
Institutional
сonditions
Establish policy labs with universities and
regional agencies
Regional innovation & experimentation hubs
Engage business associations in strategy setting Roadmaps for mission-oriented industrial
development
Leverage EU mechanisms and best practices Horizon Europe, EIC, Digital Europe programs
Source: compiled by author.
26 ISSN 1562-109X Econ. promisl. 2025. № 4 (112)
V. A. Omelyanenko
Internet of Th ings, artifi cial intelligence, digital
twins and edge-computing technologies into in-
struments allows you to create systems that not
only measure, but also analyze and predict param-
eters. Th is makes it possible to reduce the number
of emergency situations, increase the effi ciency of
production processes and ensure fl exible manage-
ment in real time. As part of industrial policy, it is
important to support the digitalization of instru-
ment manufacturing, as this will contribute to the
modernization of industry and integration into
global value chains.
With the spread of smart systems, the problem
of their security arises. Devices connected to criti-
cal infrastructure become a potential target for cy-
berattacks. Th erefore, it is necessary to develop
and implement modern cybersecurity standards
that will ensure data protection and uninterrupted
operation of systems. Th is is especially important
for the defense and energy industries, where de-
vice failures can have catastrophic consequences.
7) Orientation towards sustainable development.
Modern instrumentation engineering industry
should be oriented towards the principles of sus-
tainable development. It is not only about the en-
ergy effi ciency of the instruments themselves, but
also about creating equipment for monitoring the
state of the environment, controlling emissions
and supporting renewable energy.
Ukrainian enterprises can become important
suppliers of environmental solutions, especially
given the European integration course and partici-
pation in the “green transition”. Th is will allow
combining industrial development with environ-
mental responsibility.
Recommendations for developing instrumenta-
tion engineering industry can be organized into
three interconnected blocks: industrial ecosystems,
policy experimentation, institutional conditions.
Th is structure refl ects the multidimensional role of
instrument engineering in Industry 4.0, where tech-
nological innovation, data-driven processes and in-
tegrated production networks require both sectoral
coordination and adaptive governance. Th e three
blocks also correspond to a project-based approach,
distinguishing between technological projects (fo-
cused on product, process and digital innovations)
and institutional projects (focused on governance,
regulation and ecosystem development).
Industrial ecosystems component addresses the
technological and organizational networks that
drive production and innovation. In the context of
Industry 4.0 this includes smart manufacturing clus-
ters, digital platforms, cyber-physical systems and in-
tegration into global value chains. Th ese ecosystem-
level projects enhance competitiveness, enable cross-
sectoral synergies and provide the infrastructure for
advanced technological experimentation.
Policy experimentation emphasizes fl exible, adap-
tive and project-oriented policymaking to support
emerging industrial ecosystems. Such tools as pilot
programs, regulatory sandboxes, adaptive learning
mechanisms and cross-sectoral collaborations al-
low testing of innovative approaches with reduced
risk, accelerating the scaling of successful techno-
logical and organizational innovations.
Institutional conditions component focuses on
the governance and structural framework neces-
sary to sustain both ecosystems and experimenta-
tion projects. Here policy labs, engagement of
business associations and alignment with EU pro-
grams can be used. Th ese tools create the institu-
tional backbone for project implementation, long-
term coordination and resource allocation, ensur-
ing that both technological and institutional initia-
tives achieve systemic impact.
By structuring recommendations in three blocks
the approach simultaneously addresses technical, re-
gulatory and institutional dimensions, providing a
comprehensive, project-driven strategy to strength-
en Ukraine’s instrumentation engineering industry
in the era of Industry 4.0 (table 6).
Based on given recommendations, we can note
that modern industrial policy in the fi eld of instru-
mentation engineering industry should be based
on four key principles: innovation, institutional
mechanisms, human resource potential and inter-
national integration. Its implementation will en-
sure not only technological renewal of the econo-
my and increased productivity, but also contribute
to the sustainable development, the formation of a
new infrastructure of a smart society and strength-
ening competitiveness on a global scale.
Conclusions
Analysis of the development of the instrumentation
engineering industry at the global level shows that
the sector is undergoing a profound transformation
driven by the convergence of digital technologies,
automation and global industrial trends. Modern
instrumentation engineering industry is no longer
limited to traditional measurement and control
27ISSN 1562-109X. Економіка промисловості. 2025. № 4 (112)
Sectoral aspect of industrial policy in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 conditions (case of instrumentation engineering industry)
functions. It has become an integrated component
of cyber-physical systems that support Industry 4.0
and the gradual transition to Industry 5.0. Th e inte-
gration of “smart” sensors, artifi cial intelligence,
digital twins and Internet of Th ings solutions has
fundamentally changed the logic of instrument op-
eration, providing real-time data collection, autono-
mous analysis, predictive maintenance and optimi-
zation of production and research processes. Tech-
nological innovations in analytical instruments, in-
cluding advances in chromatography, spectroscopy,
mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic reso-
nance, have increased the accuracy, sensitivity and
effi ciency of equipment, while allowing its integra-
tion into complex industrial systems. Miniaturiza-
tion and portable devices combined with digital
twins expand the capabilities of analytics, ensuring
the use of equipment in the medical fi eld, environ-
mental monitoring and fi eld conditions. Th is con-
tributes to the formation of smart, interconnected
ecosystems, where physical measurements are di-
rectly integrated into virtual models to support the
decision-making process.
Th e development of the instrumentation engi-
neering industry in the context of Industry 4.0—5.0
forms a new logic for the functioning of the sector,
where analytical systems become an integral part
of the cyber-physical space, contributing to sus-
tainable, technologically fl exible and human-cen-
tered development.
From the point of view of industrial policy, it is
important that the modern development of instru-
mentation engineering industry combines techno-
logical, organizational and institutional aspects.
Th ey form a holistic ecosystem capable of ensuring
the competitiveness of the industry and its adapta-
tion to the challenges of the global economy. Th is
allows not only to restore traditional areas (avia-
tion, defense, measuring instruments), but also
opens up new opportunities in the fi eld of sensor
technologies, biomedicine and digital solutions,
laying the foundation for the sustainable and high-
tech development of the instrumentation engi-
neering industry of Ukraine.
Th e development of the instrumentation engi-
neering industry is determined not only by tech-
nological innovations, but also by the specifi cs of
national industrial policy. An analysis of global
development models (American, European, Japa-
nese and Chinese) shows that each country forms
a unique approach that combines the strategic pri-
orities of the state, the role of private business, sci-
entifi c schools and international integration. In
the context of Industry 4.0 and 5.0, instrumenta-
tion engineering industry is of particular impor-
tance, as it provides sensor systems, automation,
cyber-physical complexes and tools for human in-
teraction with technology.
Th e experience of leading countries demonstra-
tes diff erent strategies. Th e USA emphasizes tech-
nological leadership and commercialization of in-
novations. Th e EU pays attention to integration,
standardization and “green” transition. Japan prior-
itizes strategic coordination and niche development
of high-precision technologies. China pays atten-
tion to state dirigisme and large-scale investments.
For Ukraine, the formation of a hybrid model
that will combine European approaches to stan-
dardization and “green” transformation, Ameri-
can-Japanese orientation to commercialization and
Chinese approach to large-scale production is pro-
mising. Th is strategy will allow integrating Ukrai-
nian instrumentation engineering industry into
global chains of Industry 4.0 and preparing it for
the requirements of Industry 5.0, which empha-
sizes the sustainable aspect of development.
Projects presented in the instrumentation engi-
neering industry are a key tool for implementing
this strategy. Among such projects, it is worth
highlighting the creation of experimental facto-
ries, educational and scientifi c clusters, innovation
and technology parks, “smart cities” initiatives and
public-private partnerships. Th eir feature is that
they allow for the simultaneous implementation of
advanced technologies and modernization of or-
ganizational and management models. Such proj-
ects provide training of highly qualifi ed personnel,
stimulate the commercialization of innovations,
strengthen international cooperation and contrib-
ute to the ecological transformation of production.
Th e modern development of the instrumenta-
tion engineering industry in Ukraine requires a
systemic and at the same time innovative approach
that combines technological, organizational and
institutional aspects. Th e novelty of the recom-
mendations presented in the article lies in the
comprehensive project-oriented approach that in-
tegrates the development of industrial ecosystems,
political experiments and the formation of institu-
tional conditions, thus creating a unique model of
industrial policy for Ukraine. It is advisable to con-
sider instrumentation engineering industry not
28 ISSN 1562-109X Econ. promisl. 2025. № 4 (112)
V. A. Omelyanenko
only as the production of individual devices, but as
the basis for the functioning of “smart” industrial
ecosystems, where digitalization, intelligent man-
agement systems and integration into global value
chains become central factors of development.
Particular attention should be paid to an interdis-
ciplinary approach to innovation, where scientifi c
developments in the fi eld of materials science, mi-
croelectronics, biomedicine and information tech-
nologies are quickly transformed into high-tech
products with high added value. Th e given recom-
mendations are based on providing of combination
of technological development with commercializa-
tion mechanisms, which include pilot projects, sup-
port for technology transfer and the formation of
partnerships between universities and industrial
companies. Th is approach allows to overcome the
traditional gap between scientifi c potential and
market products, creating new niche markets and
increasing the global competitiveness of Ukraine.
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Надійшла до редакції 01.10.2025 р.
Прийнята до друку 22.10.2025 р.
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Received: 01.10.2025
Accepted: 22.10.2025
Віталій Анатолійович Омельяненко, д-р екон. наук, ст. дослідник, професор
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0713-1444
Е-mail: omvitaliy@gmail.com
Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України
вул. Марії Капніст, 2, м. Київ, 03057, Україна
ГАЛУЗЕВИЙ АСПЕКТ ПРОМИСЛОВОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ В УМОВАХ ІНДУСТРІЇ 4.0 та 5.0
(НА ПРИКЛАДІ ПРИЛАДОБУДУВАННЯ)
Сучасне приладобудування розвивається на основі глобальних індустріальних трендів конвергенції цифрових тех-
нологій і є важливою складовою кіберфізичних систем, що підтримують Індустрію 4.0 та поступовий перехід до
Індустрії 5.0. Інтеграція «розумних» сенсорів, штучного інтелекту, цифрових двійників і рішень Інтернету речей
фундаментально змінила логіку функціонування приладів, забезпечуючи збір даних у реальному часі, автономний
аналіз, прогнозне обслуговування та оптимізацію виробничих і дослідницьких процесів. Це сприяє формуванню
«розумних», взаємопов’язаних екосистем, де фізичні вимірювання безпосередньо інтегруються у віртуальні моделі
для підтримки процесу прийняття рішень. Розвиток приладобудівної промисловості в контексті Індустрії 4.0 та 5.0
формує нову логіку функціонування галузі, де аналітичні системи стають невід’ємною частиною кіберфізичного
простору, сприяючи сталому, технологічно гнучкому та орієнтованому на людину розвитку. Проєкти у приладобу-
дуванні є ключовим інструментом розвитку галузі в контексті переходу до Індустрії 4.0 та 5.0. Створення експери-
ментальних фабрик, освітньо-наукових кластерів, інноваційних і технологічних парків, ініціатив «розумних міст»
і публічно-приватних партнерств дозволяє одночасно впроваджувати передові технології та вдосконалювати орга-
нізаційні й управлінські моделі. Розвиток приладобудування визначається не лише технологічними інноваціями, а
й специфікою національної промислової політики. Досліджено моделі розвитку приладобудівної індустрії крізь
призму промислової політики в контексті переходу до Індустрії 4.0 та 5.0. Аналіз моделей розвитку галузі (амери-
канської, європейської, японської та китайської) свідчить, що кожна країна формує унікальний підхід до розвитку
приладобудування, який поєднує стратегічні пріоритети держави, роль приватного бізнесу, наукові школи та між-
народну інтеграцію. Для України перспективним є формування гібридної моделі, що поєднуватиме європейські
підходи до стандартизації та «зеленої» трансформації, американсько-японську орієнтацію на комерціалізацію, ки-
тайський підхід до масштабного виробництва. Така модель дозволить інтегрувати українське приладобудування у
глобальні ланцюги Індустрії 4.0 і підготувати його до вимог Індустрії 5.0. Для забезпечення ефективного розвитку
приладобудівної галузі України доцільно реалізувати промислову політику, що поєднує підтримку наукових до-
сліджень, розвиток людського потенціалу та створення сучасної нормативно-інституційної бази, адаптованої до
вимог Індустрії 4.0 та 5.0. Промислова політика має охоплювати стимулювання міжнародної кооперації, підтримку
цифрової трансформації виробництва та інтеграції у глобальні інноваційні мережі, а також оновлення галузевих
стандартів. При цьому важливо орієнтувати розвиток приладобудування на принципи сталого розвитку, поєдну-
ючи індустріальне зростання з екологічною відповідальністю та «зеленою» модернізацією.
Ключові слова: приладобудування, Індустрія 4.0 та 5.0, проєкти, промислова політика.
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-210546 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-109Х |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-17T12:03:33Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Omelyanenko, V.A. 2025-12-11T18:22:14Z 2025 Sectoral aspect of industrial policy in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 conditions (case of instrumentation engineering industry) / V. A. Omelyanenko // Економіка промисловості. — 2025. — № 4 (112). — С. 13-30. — Бібліогр.: 25 назв. — англ. 1562-109Х JEL: L52, O25, L63, Q55 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/210546 338.262:338.45:004.8:621.38+621.39 http://doi.org/10.15407/econindustry2025.04.013 The article is devoted to the consideration of the features and global trends of the development of the instrumentation engineering industry and the main ideas for industrial policy for its development in the context of the transition to Industry 4.0 and 5.0. The basic global models of the development and projects in instrumentation engineering industry are determined. Recommendations for industrial policy in the field of instrumentation engineering industry in Ukraine are formulated. Сучасне приладобудування розвивається на основі глобальних індустріальних трендів конвергенції цифрових технологій і є важливою складовою кіберфізичних систем, що підтримують Індустрію 4.0 та поступовий перехід до Індустрії 5.0. Інтеграція «розумних» сенсорів, штучного інтелекту, цифрових двійників і рішень Інтернету речей фундаментально змінила логіку функціонування приладів, забезпечуючи збір даних у реальному часі, автономний аналіз, прогнозне обслуговування та оптимізацію виробничих і дослідницьких процесів. Це сприяє формуванню «розумних», взаємопов’язаних екосистем, де фізичні вимірювання безпосередньо інтегруються у віртуальні моделі для підтримки процесу прийняття рішень. Розвиток приладобудівної промисловості в контексті Індустрії 4.0 та 5.0 формує нову логіку функціонування галузі, де аналітичні системи стають невід’ємною частиною кіберфізичного простору, сприяючи сталому, технологічно гнучкому та орієнтованому на людину розвитку. Проєкти у приладобудуванні є ключовим інструментом розвитку галузі в контексті переходу до Індустрії 4.0 та 5.0. Створення експериментальних фабрик, освітньо-наукових кластерів, інноваційних і технологічних парків, ініціатив «розумних міст» і публічно-приватних партнерств дозволяє одночасно впроваджувати передові технології та вдосконалювати організаційні й управлінські моделі. Розвиток приладобудування визначається не лише технологічними інноваціями, а й специфікою національної промислової політики. Досліджено моделі розвитку приладобудівної індустрії крізь призму промислової політики в контексті переходу до Індустрії 4.0 та 5.0. Аналіз моделей розвитку галузі (американської, європейської, японської та китайської) свідчить, що кожна країна формує унікальний підхід до розвитку приладобудування, який поєднує стратегічні пріоритети держави, роль приватного бізнесу, наукові школи та міжнародну інтеграцію. Для України перспективним є формування гібридної моделі, що поєднуватиме європейські підходи до стандартизації та «зеленої» трансформації, американсько-японську орієнтацію на комерціалізацію, китайський підхід до масштабного виробництва. Така модель дозволить інтегрувати українське приладобудування у глобальні ланцюги Індустрії 4.0 і підготувати його до вимог Індустрії 5.0. Для забезпечення ефективного розвитку приладобудівної галузі України доцільно реалізувати промислову політику, що поєднує підтримку наукових досліджень, розвиток людського потенціалу та створення сучасної нормативно-інституційної бази, адаптованої до вимог Індустрії 4.0 та 5.0. Промислова політика має охоплювати стимулювання міжнародної кооперації, підтримку цифрової трансформації виробництва та інтеграції у глобальні інноваційні мережі, а також оновлення галузевих стандартів. При цьому важливо орієнтувати розвиток приладобудування на принципи сталого розвитку, поєднуючи індустріальне зростання з екологічною відповідальністю та «зеленою» модернізацією. en Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України Економіка промисловості Міжнародні, макроекономічні та регіональні проблеми промисловості Sectoral aspect of industrial policy in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 conditions (case of instrumentation engineering industry) Галузевий аспект промислової політики в умовах Індустрії 4.0 та 5.0 (на прикладі приладобудування) Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Sectoral aspect of industrial policy in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 conditions (case of instrumentation engineering industry) Omelyanenko, V.A. Міжнародні, макроекономічні та регіональні проблеми промисловості |
| title | Sectoral aspect of industrial policy in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 conditions (case of instrumentation engineering industry) |
| title_alt | Галузевий аспект промислової політики в умовах Індустрії 4.0 та 5.0 (на прикладі приладобудування) |
| title_full | Sectoral aspect of industrial policy in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 conditions (case of instrumentation engineering industry) |
| title_fullStr | Sectoral aspect of industrial policy in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 conditions (case of instrumentation engineering industry) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sectoral aspect of industrial policy in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 conditions (case of instrumentation engineering industry) |
| title_short | Sectoral aspect of industrial policy in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 conditions (case of instrumentation engineering industry) |
| title_sort | sectoral aspect of industrial policy in industry 4.0 and 5.0 conditions (case of instrumentation engineering industry) |
| topic | Міжнародні, макроекономічні та регіональні проблеми промисловості |
| topic_facet | Міжнародні, макроекономічні та регіональні проблеми промисловості |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/210546 |
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